Izakaya
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Italic title
An Template:Nihongo (Template:IPA) is a type of informal Japanese bar that serves alcoholic drinks and snacks. Template:Transliteration are casual places for after-work drinking, similar to a pub, a Spanish tapas bar, or an American saloon or tavern.<ref name="De Mente Most Intriguing">Template:Cite book</ref>
Etymology
The word Template:Transliteration entered the English language by 1987.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> It is a compound word consisting of Template:Transliteration ("to stay") and Template:Transliteration ("sake shop"), indicating that Template:Transliteration originated from sake shops that allowed customers to sit on the premises to drink.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Template:Transliteration are sometimes called Template:Transliteration ('red lantern') in daily conversation, as such paper lanterns are traditionally found in front of them.
History
Anecdotes and songs that appear in the Template:Transliteration show that Template:Transliteration-style establishments existed in Japan at the early 700s.Template:Citation needed There is a record dating to 733 when rice was collected as a brewing fee tax under the jurisdiction of the government office called Template:Transliteration. In the Template:Transliteration, written in 797, there is a record of King Ashihara who got drunk and was murdered in a tavern in 761.Template:Citation needed
The full-scale development of Template:Transliteration began around the Edo period (1603–1867). At liquor stores that used to sell alcohol by weight, people began to drink alcohol while standing. Gradually, some Template:Transliteration began using sake barrels as stools for their customers,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> and gradually began to offer simple snacks called Template:Transliteration.<ref name="「飲食事典」本山荻舟 平凡社 p29 昭和33年12月25日発行">「飲食事典」本山荻舟 平凡社 p29 昭和33年12月25日発行</ref> Historian Penelope Francks points to the development of the Template:Transliteration in Japan, especially in Edo and along main roads throughout the country, as one indicator of the growing popularity of sake as a consumer good by the late 1700s.<ref name=Francks>Template:Cite journal</ref>
An Template:Transliteration in Tokyo made international news in 1962 when Robert F. Kennedy ate there during a meeting with Japanese labor leaders.<ref>"Bobby Regales Japanese with Song Rendition" Monroe Morning World (6 February 1962): 11. via Newspapers.com Template:Open access</ref>
Template:Transliteration and other small pubs or establishments are exempted from an indoor smoking ban that was passed by the National Diet in July 2018 and fully enforced since April 2020.<ref name="smoking-ban-2018">Template:Cite web</ref>
Dining style
Template:Transliteration are often likened to taverns or pubs, but there are a number of differences.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=Standard>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=HuffPost>Template:Cite news</ref>
Depending on the Template:Transliteration, customers either sit on tatami mats and dine from low tables, as in the traditional Japanese style, or sit on chairs and dine from tables. Many Template:Transliteration offer a choice of both as well as seating by the bar. Some Template:Transliteration restaurants are also Template:Transliteration style, literally translated as "drinking while standing".<ref name=JapanTimes>Template:Cite news</ref>
Usually, customers are given an Template:Transliteration (wet towel) to clean their hands; the towels are cold in summer and hot in winter. Next, a tiny appetizer, called an Template:Transliteration in the Tokyo area or Template:Transliteration in the Osaka-Kobe area, is served.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> It is local custom and usually charged onto the bill in lieu of an entry fee.
The menu may be on the table, displayed on walls, or both. Picture menus are common in larger Template:Transliteration. Food and drink are ordered throughout the course of the session as desired. They are brought to the table, and the bill is added up at the end of the session. Unlike other Japanese styles of eating, food items are usually shared by everyone at the table, similar to Spanish tapas.
Common styles of Template:Transliteration dining in Japan are Template:Transliteration ("all you can drink") and Template:Transliteration ("all you can eat"). For a set price per person, customers can continue ordering as much food and/or drink as they wish, usually with a time limit of two or three hours.
Template:Transliteration dining can be intimidating to non-Japanese because of the wide variety of menu items and the slow pace. Food is normally ordered slowly over several courses rather than all at once. The kitchen will serve the food when it is ready, rather than in the formal courses of Western restaurants. Typically, a beer is ordered when one is sitting down before perusing the menu. Quickly prepared dishes such as Template:Transliteration or edamame are ordered first, followed with progressively more robust flavors such as Template:Transliteration or Template:Transliteration, finishing the meal with a rice or noodle dish to fill up.<ref>How to Izakaya – Kampai! : Kampai!. Kampai.us. Retrieved 24 May 2014.</ref>
Typical menu items
Template:Transliteration offer a wide variety of dishes. Items typically available are:<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Alcoholic drinks
- Sake, a Japanese alcoholic beverage made by fermenting polished rice
- Beer (Template:Transliteration)<ref name=HuffPost /><ref name=autogenerated1>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Template:Transliteration
- Cocktails
- Wine
- Whisky
Some establishments offer a bottle-keep service, allowing a patron to purchase an entire bottle of liquor (usually Template:Transliteration or whisky) and store the unfinished portion for a future visit.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Food
Template:Transliteration food is usually more substantial than tapas or mezze. Many items are designed to be shared. Menu items may include:
- EdamameTemplate:Sndsboiled and salted soybean pods<ref name=HuffPost />
- Template:TransliterationTemplate:Sndsvarious vegetables served with a sesame dressing<ref name="Kauffman 2011">Template:Cite news</ref>
- Template:TransliterationTemplate:Sndsbite-sized fried chicken
- Template:TransliterationTemplate:Sndsgrilled meat or vegetable skewers
- Salads<ref name=HuffPost />
- SashimiTemplate:Sndsslices of raw fish<ref name=HuffPost />
- Template:TransliterationTemplate:Sndschicken wings
- Tofu<ref name=HuffPost />
- Template:TransliterationTemplate:Sndsdeep-fried tofu in broth
- Template:TransliterationTemplate:Sndschilled silken tofu with toppings
- Template:TransliterationTemplate:Sndspickles
- Template:TransliterationTemplate:Sndsgrilled noodles<ref name=HuffPost />
- Template:TransliterationTemplate:Sndsgrilled chicken skewers<ref name=HuffPost />
Rice dishes such as Template:Transliteration and noodle dishes such as Template:Transliteration are sometimes eaten to conclude a drinking session. For the most part, Japanese Template:Transliteration customers do not eat rice or noodles (Template:TransliterationTemplate:Snds"staple food") at the same time as they drink alcohol, since sake, brewed from rice, traditionally takes the place of rice in a meal.Template:Citation needed
Types
Template:Transliteration were traditionally down-to-earth places where men drank sake and beer after work.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> However, modern Template:Transliteration customers are more likely to include independent women and students. Many Template:Transliteration today cater to a more diverse clientele by offering cocktails and wines and a sophisticated interior. Chain Template:Transliteration are often large and offer an extensive selection of food and drink, allowing them to host big, sometimes rowdy, parties. Watami, Shoya, Shirokiya, Tsubohachi, and Murasaki are some of the well known chains in Japan.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Transliteration are often called Template:Transliteration ("red lantern"), after the red paper lanterns traditionally displayed outside.<ref name=Bunting20/> Today, the term usually refers to small, non-chain Template:Transliteration.Template:Citation needed Some unrelated businesses that are not Template:Transliteration also sometimes display red lanterns.<ref name=Bunting20>Template:Cite book</ref>
Cosplay Template:Transliteration became popular in the 2000s. The staff wear costumes and wait on customers. In some establishments, shows are performed. Costumes include those for butlers and maids.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Establishments specialising in Template:Transliteration are called Template:Transliteration. They usually take the form of street stalls with seating and are popular in winter.
Template:Transliteration are places in which customers sit around an open hearth on which chefs grill seafood and vegetables. Fresh ingredients are displayed for customers to point at whenever they want to order.
Template:Transliteration specialise in Template:Transliteration, grilled chicken skewers.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The chicken skewers are often grilled in front of customers.
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Activity at a Template:Transliteration. Seafood and vegetables to cook displayed
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Chicken skewers (Template:Transliteration)
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See also
References
Bibliography
Further reading
- Izakaya: The Japanese Pub Cookbook (2008) by Mark Robinson, photographs by Masashi Kuma, Template:ISBN, Kodansha International
- Izakaya: Japanese Bar Food (Hardie Grant Publishing 2012), photographs by Chris Chen. Template:ISBN.
- Izakaya by Hideo Dekura (New Holland Publishers 2015). Template:ISBN.
External links
Template:Sister project links Template:Drinking establishments