Jōyō kanji

Template:Japanese writing Template:Table Hanzi The Template:Nihongo are those kanji listed on the Template:Nihongo, officially announced by the Japanese Ministry of Education. The current list of 2,136 characters was issued in 2010. It is a slightly modified version of the [[tōyō kanji|Template:Transliteration kanji]], which was the initial list of secondary school-level kanji standardized after World War II. The list is not a comprehensive list of all characters and readings in regular use; rather, it is intended as a literacy baseline for those who have completed compulsory education, as well as a list of permitted characters and readings for use in official government documents. Due to the requirement that official government documents make use of only Template:Transliteration kanji and their readings, several rare characters are also included due to their use in the Constitution of Japan, which was being written at the same time the original 1,850-character Template:Transliteration kanji list was compiled.

The 2,136 kanji in the Template:Transliteration kanji consist of:

• 1,026 kanji taught in primary school (Grade 1-6) (the [[kyōiku kanji|Template:Transliteration kanji]])
• 1,110 additional kanji taught in secondary school (Grade 7-9)

List

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Changes from the Template:Transliteration kanji

In 1981, the Template:Transliteration kanji replaced the [[tōyō kanji|Template:Transliteration kanji]] as the standardized list of common kanji. The differences between the two consisted of 95 additional characters, and the simplification of {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} as {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}.

History

• 1923: The Ministry of Education specified 1,962 kanji and 154 simplified characters.
• 1931: The former Template:Transliteration kanji list was revised and 1,858 characters were specified.
• 1942: 1,134 characters as standard Template:Transliteration kanji and 1,320 characters as sub-Template:Transliteration kanji were specified.
• 1946: The 1,850 characters of [[tōyō kanji|Template:Transliteration kanji]] were adopted by law "as those most essential for common use and everyday communication".<ref>A Guide to Reading & Writing Japanese, Charles E. Tuttle Co., 1961 Edition</ref> This list included 881 "basic requirement" kanji for elementary school.
• 1981: The 1,945 characters of Template:Transliteration kanji were adopted, replacing the list of Template:Transliteration kanji.<ref name=jtimes>"In 1981 the Template:Transliteration list superseded the old Template:Transliteration list — the list of Chinese characters which was announced in November 1946 and designated for daily use." -Japan Times editorial, "Revising the list of kanji" Template:Webarchive, Nov. 16, 2008, retrieved 27 May 2009.</ref>
• 2010: The list was revised on 30 November to include an additional 196 characters and remove 5 characters ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, and {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}), for a total of 2,136. The amendment also made changes to the readings of kanji present in the previous Template:Transliteration kanji list. Twenty-eight kanji gained new readings, three kanji lost obscure readings and the Template:Transliteration of {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} was changed from Template:Nihongo to Template:Nihongo.<ref name=nikkei>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> The 196 additional characters are:<ref name=nikkei/><ref name=asahi>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}

Note: Characters in bold are used in the names of prefectures. Template:Transliteration kanji followed by a character in brackets are not included in JIS X 0208; the character in brackets is the unofficial print variant JIS X 0208 does have. JIS X 0208 also lacks {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, but does include the official variant {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}. The Template:Transliteration kanji {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, and {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} also have official variants.<ref>https://www.bunka.go.jp/kokugo_nihongo/sisaku/joho/joho/kijun/naikaku/pdf/joyokanjihyo_20101130.pdf, p. 6.</ref>

The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology instructed teachers to start teaching the new characters in fiscal 2012, so that junior high school students would be able to read them and high school students would be able to write them. High schools and universities started using the characters in their entrance exams in the 2015 academic year.<ref>http://www.japantoday.com/category/national/view/govt-to-announce-new-list-of-kanji-for-common-use-at-end-of-monthTemplate:Dead link</ref>

See also

• [[Kyōiku kanji|Template:Transliteration kanji (List of kanji by school year)]]
• [[Jinmeiyō kanji|Template:Transliteration kanji]]
• Template:Transliteration
• Japanese script reform
• Kanji radicals
• Learning kanji
• The List of Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters, a similar standardized list of characters published by the Chinese Ministry of Education, including those designated as "frequently-used" and "commonly-used"
• Basic Hanja for educational use, a standardized list of Chinese characters used in Korean (Hanja) published by the South Korean Ministry of Education

External links

• List of Template:Transliteration Kanji (Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs)
• Online Template:Transliteration kanji database