J. Craig Venter Institute
Template:Coord The J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI) is a non-profit genomics research institute founded by J. Craig Venter, Ph.D. in October 2006. The institute was the result of consolidating four organizations: the Center for the Advancement of Genomics, The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR), the Institute for Biological Energy Alternatives, and the J. Craig Venter Science Foundation Joint Technology Center. It has facilities in Rockville, Maryland, and San Diego, California. <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The institute studies the societal implications of genomics in addition to genomics itself. The institute's research involves genomic medicine; environmental genomic analysis; clean energy; synthetic biology; and ethics, law, and economics. The institute employs over 200 people, including Nobel laureate Hamilton Smith. It was sold to the University of California, San Diego, in 2022.
History
In 2004, the Center for the Advancement of Genomics (TCAG), the Institute for Biological Energy Alternatives (IBEA) and the J. Craig Venter Institute Joint Technology Center (JTC) were merged to form the J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI).<ref name="JCVI2004">Template:Cite press release</ref>
In 1992, Craig Venter was a researcher at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). He began The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR) during the same time and was part of the determination of the human genome.<ref name="Shreeve2004b">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Sulston2002">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="CBSE2012">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Because of disagreements of how the project was being managed TIGR was excluded from the funding by NIH in 1998.<ref name="Pruitt1998">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="Pennisi1998">Template:Cite journal</ref> The political, personal, and ethical conflicts of the race between the public and private sectors have been notable.<ref name="Shreeve2004b" /><ref name="Sulston2002" /><ref name="CBSE2012" /><ref name="Goozner2001">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="McElheny2010">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Venter2007">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Rabinow2004">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Shreeve2004">Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref name="Wade2000">Template:Cite news</ref>Template:Citation overkill
In 1995, the precursor to the J. Craig Venter Institute, TIGR, determined the sequence of Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Methanococcus jannaschii.<ref name="Fraser1995">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="Bult1996">Template:Cite journal</ref> In 1997, TIGR determined the genome of Borrelia burgdorferi (which causes Lyme Disease) .<ref name="Fraser1997">Template:Cite journal</ref> In 1998, TIGR sequenced the genome of Treponema pallidum (which causes syphilis).<ref name="Fraser1998">Template:Cite journal</ref> In 1999 TIGR published the sequence of the radioresistant polyextremophile Deinococcus radiodurans.<ref name="White1999">Template:Cite journal</ref> TIGR has sequenced and analyzed more than 50 microbial genomes. TIGR developed the gene finder GLIMMER and the sequence alignment program MUMmer. In 2001 anthrax attacks, TIGR worked with the National Science Foundation and the FBI to sequence the strain of Bacillus anthracis used in bioterrorism attacks.<ref name="Read2002">Template:Cite journal</ref>
In June 2000, Venter founded The Center for the Advancement of Genomics (TCAG), a think tank for studying the ethics of human genetics and stem cells research.<ref name="Prisma">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="GNN">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Also in 2002, Venter founded the Institute for Biological Energy Alternatives (IBEA) to investigate the use of microorganisms to produce alternate fuels (such as hydrogen) and to sequester carbon dioxide.<ref name="Prisma" /> The IBEA began genomic sequencing of environmental microbial populations that might be used.<ref name="Friedman2003">Template:Cite journal</ref> To provide support for these facilities, Venter created the J. Craig Venter Institute Joint Technology Center (JTC), which specialized in high throughput sequencing. To provide administrative and financial support for TIGR, TCAG, IBEA and JTC, Venter created the non-profit J. Craig Venter Science Foundation (JCVSF) to consolidate activities between its affiliated organizations.
In 2007, the institute published the first diploid human genome, i.e. the genome of a single individual (J. Craig Venter) in which both sets of chromosomes were sequenced.<ref name="Levy2007">Template:Cite journal</ref> In 2010, the institute determined the 1.08 million base pair Mycoplasma mycoides genome, which was then inserted into a cell to create the first cell with a completely synthetic genome.<ref name="Gibson2010">Template:Cite journal</ref>
In April 2022 Venter sold the La Jolla facility to the University of California, San Diego for $25 million. The university, which already has a very strong genomics program, hopes to absorb most of the institute's faculty and its current research grants. Venter will continue to lead a separate nonprofit research group, also known as the J. Craig Venter Institute.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
See also
References
External links
- Pages with broken file links
- Genetics or genomics research institutions
- Research institutes in Maryland
- Mycoplasma
- Research institutes in California
- La Jolla, San Diego
- Rockville, Maryland
- Research institutes established in 2006
- 2006 establishments in Maryland
- 2006 establishments in California
- Medical research institutes in California