J. Melville Broughton

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Early life and education

Broughton was born on November 17, 1888, in Raleigh, North Carolina. He graduated from Wake Forest College, where he also played football, in 1910. Broughton attended Harvard Law School then worked as a school principal and journalist before actively entering the legal profession.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Political career

He served in the North Carolina Senate from 1927 to 1929. He later served one term as governor from 1941 to 1945. Identified with progressive politics, as characterized by his support of the social justice legislation of the Roosevelt Administration,<ref>PUBLIC ADDRESSES, LETTERS, AND PAPERS of JOSEPH MELVILLE BROUGHTON, GOVERNOR OF NORTH CAROLINA 1941-1945 Edited by David Leroy Corbitt Chief, Division of Publications State Department of Archives and History, P.15 (from www.carolana.com)</ref> a number of reforms were carried out during his term as governor.<ref>The Dispatch 13 May 1948</ref> One of his major legacies was the extension of the public school term from six to nine months.<ref name=":0" />

The North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources describes Broughton as the typical white moderate of the time. Broughton advocated for the improvement of the lives of African Americans, such as equalizing the salaries of black and white teachers and improving their housing. In one instance, Broughton even helped stop a lynching and then punish the leaders of the mob.<ref name=":0" />

In August 1941, Broughton deployed the North Carolina National Guard to protect Cy Winstead, a black man accused of raping a white woman, after Winstead was nearly lynched in Roxboro, North Carolina. Afterwards, Broughton had the police investigate the mobs, expressing interest in punishing the ringleaders.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Ten white men was charged.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> To local shock, five of the men, Coy Harris, A.P. Spriggs, P.I. Holt, Johnny Holt, and Willie Aiken were found guilty on April 24, 1942. A jury acquitted them of the more serious charge of inciting to riot, but found them guilty of unlawful assembly for an unlawful purpose, a misdemeanor punishable by up to two years in prison. Harris and Spriggs were each sentenced to 18 months in the county jail, while the other three were sentenced to 12 months in the county jail. The jury had recommended mercy for the Colt brothers, whereas Aiken was the only defendant who did not deny his guilt.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The verdict shocked the public, which had been sympathetic to the mob.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In June 1942, 2,000 people submitted a petition demanding the parole or pardon of those convicted.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Harris, Spriggs, P.L. Holt, and Aiken were paroled on July 23, 1942. Johnny Holt was denied parole since he was the prime suspect in a robbery in California.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He was paroled some time between then and 1943, and all six men were discharged from parole in September 1943. Winstead himself later pleaded guilty to assault with intent to commit rape and was sentenced to two and a half years to five years in prison.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In February 1943, the Person County chapter of the NAACP petitioned for his parole, expressing doubt over Winstead's guilt. However, Winstead refused to apply for parole, finding the conditions to be too strict.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Nevertheless, Broughton resisted threats to segregation. In 1942, he urged African Americans not to start making demands at home as a result of World War II:

"Negroes are ill-advised if they take the position they are for victory in this war if something is to be done for them. Negroes should put their full energy into the war effort, for failure means slavery of the worst sort for white and Negro alike. The man or woman who uses this emergency as a means of stirring up strife between the races is not a friend to either race and is not a good American."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web
}}</ref>

In 1943, Broughton wrote, "We believe in a policy of purity and high standard as to both races and we recognize the principle that race distinction does not imply race discrimination." He spurned criticism from the NAACP and claimed that racism had no impact on North Carolina's judicial system.<ref name=":0" />

Broughton was among twelve nominated at the 1944 Democratic National Convention to serve as Franklin D. Roosevelt's running mate in the presidential election that year.<ref name="catledge19440722">Template:Cite news</ref>

Tenure in Senate

In 1948, Broughton was elected to the United States Senate, after defeating William B. Umstead, an appointed incumbent, in the Democratic primary.<ref>OurCampaigns.com: 1948 primary</ref> In November, Broughton won both a special election to complete the Senate term<ref>OurCampaigns.com: 1948 special election</ref> and an election for a full term.<ref>OurCampaigns.com: 1948 regular Senate election</ref> He took office on December 31, 1948, but his service in the Senate was brief.

Appearing healthy, Broughton suddenly collapsed from a heart attack and died in Washington, D.C., on March 6, 1949. Governor W. Kerr Scott appointed Frank Porter Graham to fill his vacant office until the next election.Template:Sfn

Family

Joseph Melville Broughton, Jr. was the son of Joseph Melville Broughton and Sallie Harris. He married Alice Willson in 1916, they had four children. He was the nephew of Needham B. Broughton and a first cousin of Carrie Lougee Broughton.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> He was also a first cousin of medical doctor and Baptist minister Len G. Broughton. Broughton and his wife lived in the Jolly-Broughton House, a Georgian Revival mansion located in Raleigh's Hayes Barton Historic District, before and after living in the North Carolina Executive Mansion.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He was interred at Montlawn Memorial Park in Raleigh.

Legacy

In 1959, the State Hospital at Morganton for psychiatric patients was renamed Broughton Hospital in his memory.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In addition, Broughton Hall at North Carolina State University was named in his honor.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}Template:Dead link</ref>

He was a member of Civitan International.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

References

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Works cited

Template:Cite book - View profile at Google Books

External links

Template:CongBio at Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

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J. Melville Broughton

Contents

Early life and education

Political career

Tenure in Senate

Family

Legacy

See also

References

Works cited

External links

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J. Melville Broughton

Early life and education

Political career

Tenure in Senate

Family

Legacy

See also

References

Works cited

External links

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