Jacques Lusseyran

Jacques Lusseyran (19 September 1924 – 27 July 1971) was a French author and political activist. Blinded at the age of 7, at 17 Lusseyran became a leader in the French resistance against Nazi Germany's occupation of France in 1941. He was eventually sent to Buchenwald concentration camp because of his involvement, and was one of 990 of his group of 2000 inmates to survive. He wrote about his life, including his experience during the war, in his autobiography And There Was Light.

Life

Lusseyran was born in Paris, France. He became totally blind in a school accident at the age of 7.<ref>Brunel, Pierre (2019). Préface. Que la lumière soit. In: Marion Chottin, Céline Roussel, and Zina Weygand (eds). Jacques Lusseyran, entre cécité et lumière. Éditions Rue d’Ulm/Presses de l’École normale supérieure, ISBN 978-2-7288-0606-5. p.10</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> He soon learned to adapt to being blind and maintained many close friendships, particularly with one boy named Jean Besniée.<ref name="RmuseumBiography">Template:Cite web</ref> At a young age he became alarmed at the rise of Adolf Hitler in Germany and decided to learn the German language so that he could listen to German radio broadcasts. By 1938, when Nazi Germany annexed Austria, he had accomplished this task.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Germany invaded France in 1940. In the spring of 1941, at the age of 17, Lusseyran formed a Resistance group called the Volunteers of Liberty with other students from the Lycée Louis-le-Grand and the Lycée Henri-IV.<ref name="musee">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> He was put in charge of recruitment. The group later merged with another Resistance group called Défense de la France. In July 1943 he participated in a campaign to drop pro-resistance leaflets on trains: forty squads of ten members each passed out seventy thousand leaflets. The squads carried tear gas pens to stop people from interfering, though these were never used, and there were no arrests.Template:Citation needed<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

On July 20, 1943, Lusseyran was arrested by the Gestapo, betrayed by a member of his resistance group named Elio. His knowledge of German helped him understand more of the situation than most French prisoners. He spent six months at Fresnes prison before being moved to Buchenwald concentration camp with 2000 other French citizens, where, because he was blind, he did not have to participate in forced labor as most other prisoners did. Soon most of his childhood friends and fellow resistance operatives were arrested, and he met some of them in the concentration camp. Lusseyran helped to motivate a spirit of resistance within the camp, particularly within the French and German prisoners.Template:Citation needed

In April 1945, he was liberated; 990 of his group of 2000 inmates survived.<ref>Lalieu, Olivier (2019). Jacques Lusseyran en déportation. Entre histoire et mémoire. In: Marion Chottin, Céline Roussel, and Zina Weygand (eds). Jacques Lusseyran, entre cécité et lumière. Éditions Rue d’Ulm/Presses de l’École normale supérieure, ISBN 978-2-7288-0606-5. p.55</ref> After the war, Lusseyran taught French literature in the United States and wrote books, including the autobiographical And There Was Light, which chronicles the first 20 years of his life. He died together with his third wife Marie in a car accident in France on July 27, 1971.<ref name="obituaryLeMonde"/>

Awards

• Prix Louis Barthou 1954 of the Académie Française<ref>Prix Louis Barthou 1954 de l’Académie française</ref>
• Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur<ref name="obituaryLeMonde">Template:Cite news</ref>
• Médaille de la Résistance avec rosette<ref name="obituaryLeMonde"/>

Writings

• Against the Pollution of the I: Selected Writings of Jacques Lusseyran. New York, NY: Parabola Books, 1999. Template:ISBN.
• And There Was Light: Autobiography of Jacques Lusseyran, Blind Hero of the French Resistance. New York, NY: Parabola Books, 1998. Template:ISBN.

Further reading

• Hill, Miriam Helen (1985). Bound to the environment: Towards a phenomenology of sightlessness. In: David Seamon, Robert Mugerauer (eds), Dwelling, Place and Environment, Towards a Phenomenology of Person and World, Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, pp 99-111

External links

• Stories of the teenage resistance