James Brindley Nicolson

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox military person James Brindley Eric Nicolson, Template:Postnominals (29 April 1917 – 2 May 1945) was a fighter pilot and wing commander in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War. He was a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces, for his actions in August 1940 during the Battle of Britain.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Early life

James Brindley Eric Nicolson was born in Hampstead, London, on 29 April 1917. He studied at Yardley Court and Tonbridge School. In 1935, Nicolson began his career as an engineer at Ricardo Engines.<ref>Mason, P. D. Nicolson VC 1991 p.2 ISBN 0951304291</ref> In 1936, he joined the Royal Air Force, with the service number 39329.<ref>Template:Citation.</ref> After his training, he joined No. 72 Squadron in 1937 and later moved to No. 249 Squadron in 1940.

Second World War

A British Hawker Hurricane, similar to what Nicolson would have flown during the Battle of Britain in 1940.

Nicolson was 23 years old and a flight lieutenant in No. 249 Squadron during the Second World War when he was awarded the Victoria Cross. On 16 August 1940 having taken off from RAF Boscombe Down near Salisbury, Nicolson's Hawker Hurricane was fired on by the Messerschmitt Bf 110's. Nicolson's engine was damaged and the petrol tank set alight. As he struggled to leave the blazing machine, he saw another Messerschmitt, managed to get back into the bucket seat, pressed the firing button, and continued firing until the enemy plane dived away to destruction.<ref name="Bowyer">Template:Cite book</ref> He was able to open his parachute in time to land safely in a field. On his descent, he was fired on by members of the Home Guard, who ignored his cry of being a RAF pilot.<ref name="Bowyer" />

Victoria Cross citation

The announcement and accompanying citation for the decoration was published in supplement to the London Gazette on 15 November 1940, reading

Fully recovered by September 1941, Nicolson was posted to India in 1942. Between August 1943 and August 1944, he was a squadron leader and commanding officer of No. 27 Squadron, flying Bristol Beaufighters over Burma. During this time, he was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross.

As a wing commander, Nicolson was killed on 2 May 1945 when a RAF B-24 Liberator from No. 355 Squadron, in which he was flying as an observer, caught fire and crashed into the Bay of Bengal. His body was not recovered. He is commemorated on the Singapore Memorial.<ref>Template:CWGC</ref>

Nicolson was the only Battle of Britain pilot and the only pilot of RAF Fighter Command to be awarded the Victoria Cross during the Second World War. His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Air Force Museum, Hendon, England.

Commemoration

Eurofighter Typhoon ZK349, in World War Two colours, with Nicolson's squad number, at Royal International Air Tattoo 2015

In 2015, the RAF repainted a modern Eurofighter Typhoon jet, ZK349, in Second World War colours, and applied Nicolson's squadron number, GN-A, to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the Battle of Britain.<ref name="Farmer">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Further reading

• Mason, Peter D. Nicolson VC': the Full and Authorised Biography of James Brindley Nicolson, the only Pilot of Fighter Command in World War II to be awarded the Victoria Cross. Ashford, UK: Geerings, 1991. Template:ISBN.

External links

• James Brindley Nicolson
• Fl. Lieutenant James Nicolson
• Template:Citation.
• Medal Bar of Wing Commander Eric James Brindley Nicolson at the Royal Air Force Museum.