James Fiennes, 1st Baron Saye and Sele

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James Fiennes, 1st Baron Saye and Sele (22 September 1395 – 4 July 1450), was an English soldier and politician. He was born at Herstmonceux, Sussex, the second son of Sir William Fiennes (1 August 1357 – 18 January 1402) and his wife Elizabeth Batisford (Wartling, Sussex, 1363 – Herstmonceux, 18 January 1405).

Fiennes fought in the Hundred Years' War and served as High Sheriff of Kent in 1436 and High Sheriff of Surrey and Sussex in 1438.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He was Constable of Dover Castle and Warden of the Cinque Ports from 1447 to 1450, and Lord High Treasurer of England from 1449 to 1450. Fiennes' tenure as Lord High Treasurer occurred during the Great Bullion Famine and the Great Slump in England.

He was summoned to Parliament from 1446 to 1449 and is said to have been created Baron Saye and Sele by letters patent in 1447. Saye and Sele was a supporter of William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk, the principal power behind the throne of Henry VI.

After Suffolk's deposition and murder in 1450, Fiennes was imprisoned in the Tower with his son-in-law William Cromer, deputy-sheriff of Kent in 1444.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Having been released from the tower and handed over to the rebels as a placatory gesture by the king, Baron Saye was brought to Guildhall for a sham trial. Upon being found guilty of treason, he was paraded through part of London and beheaded by a mob of the rebels in London under Jack Cade at the Standard in Cheapside on 4 July 1450.<ref>Harvey, I. M. W. (1991) Jack Cade's Rebellion of 1450. Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. 93.</ref>

His son-in-law was also executed by the rebels outside the city walls on the same day. The heads of the two men were put on pikes and unceremoniously paraded through the streets of London while their bearers pushed them together so that they appeared to kiss.<ref>Griffiths, Ralph A. (1981). The Reign of King Henry VI: The Exercise of Royal Authority, 1422–1461. Berkeley: University of California Press, p. 618.</ref> Fiennes was subsequently buried in the Franciscan church at Newgate. Shortly after the burial, English settlers dispossessed from their property in Bayeux and Caen (who had recently arrived in London) removed his coat of arms from the pillar by his grave and reversed it—an act intended to dishonour the dead.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> He was succeeded in the barony by his son William.

Ancestry

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Family and legacy

He married twice.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> His first wife was Joan, whose family name is uncertain, and their children were:

Elizabeth (died 1475), who married three times. First, her stepmother's brother William Cromer (died 1450), of Tunstall, murdered like her father by Jack Cade's rebels; secondly, Alexander Iden, of Westwell, Jack Cade's capturer; lastly, Sir Lawrence Raynsford (died 1490). Both her first two husbands had been a High Sheriff of Kent and her last was a High Sheriff of Essex and of Wiltshire.
William (born about 1428), who became 2nd Baron Saye and Sele and was killed in 1471 during the Battle of Barnet.

Before 1441, he married as second wife Emmeline (died 5 January 1452), daughter of Sir William Cromer, twice Lord Mayor of London.<ref>History of Parliament: William Cromer, Lord Mayor of London, accessed 10 July 2017</ref> They may have had two daughters.

Fiennes appears as a named character in the play Henry VI, Part 2 by William Shakespeare, while the Battle of Barnet at which his son William died is referenced in the next play of the trilogy, Henry VI, Part 3.

His elder brother, Roger Fiennes (1384–1449), married Elizabeth Holland (daughter of John Holland (Duke of Exeter, half-brother of Richard II, son of Thomas Holland and Joan "the fair" of Kent) and Elizabeth of Lancaster (daughter of John of Gaunt and Blanche of Lancaster)).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

References

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Kidd, Charles; Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990.

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Template:House of Lancaster Lord High Treasurers

James Fiennes, 1st Baron Saye and Sele

Ancestry

Family and legacy

References

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