James G. March

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James Gardner March (January 15, 1928 – September 27, 2018) was an American political scientist, sociologist, and economist. A professor at Stanford University in the Stanford Graduate School of Business and Stanford Graduate School of Education, he is best known for his research on organizations,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> his (jointly with Richard Cyert) seminal work on A Behavioral Theory of the Firm,<ref>Richard M. Cyert and James G. March, A Behavioral Theory of the Firm, 2nd ed., Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1992.Template:ISBN</ref> and the organizational decision making model known as the Garbage Can Model.<ref name="stanfordbio">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Early life and education

Born in Cleveland, Ohio in 1928,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> March received his B.A. from the University of Wisconsin at Madison in 1945 in political science. He received his M.A. in 1950 and Ph.D. in 1953 from Yale University, both in political science.<ref name="stanfordbio"/><ref name="CV">Template:Cite web</ref>

James March was awarded honorary doctorate from numerous universities:

Career

From 1953 to 1964, he had served on the faculties of the Carnegie Institute of Technology as a senior research fellow and assistant professor, and later professor of industrial administration and psychology.

For the academic year of 1955–56, March was a Political Science Fellow at the Stanford University Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences.<ref name="casbs">Template:Cite web</ref>

From 1964 to 1970, March joined the faculty at the University of California, Irvine as the founding Dean of the School of Social Sciences (1964–69). He was also a professor of psychology and sociology.<ref name="ucisocscihist">Template:Cite web</ref>

In 1970, March moved to Stanford University.<ref name="stanfordbio"/> At Stanford, he held several titles, including professor of political science and sociology, David Jacks Professor of Higher Education (1970–1978), professor of management (1978–1979), Fred H. Merrill Professor of Management (1979–1992), Jack Steele Parker Professor of International Management (1992–present). He had also served as a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution (1978–1987) and the founding director of the Scandinavian Consortium for Organizational Research (Scancor) (1989–1999).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

He had been elected to the National Academy of Sciences,<ref name="stanfordbio"/> the American Academy of Arts and Sciences,<ref name="stanfordbio"/> the American Philosophical Society,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and the National Academy of Education,<ref name="stanfordbio"/> and had been a member of the National Science Board.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He was a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

He interacted and communicated in many different forms as books, articles, interactive seminars, films and poetry.

Contributions

March was highly respected for his broad theoretical perspective which combined theories from psychology and other behavioural sciences. As a core member of the Carnegie School, he collaborated with the cognitive psychologist Herbert A. Simon on several works on organization theory.<ref>March, James G. and Herbert Simon, Organizations, John Wiley and Sons, 1958, Template:ISBN</ref>

March was also known for his seminal work on the behavioural perspective on the theory of the firm along with Richard Cyert (1963).Template:Citation needed

In 1972, March worked together with Johan Olsen and Michael D. Cohen on the systemic-anarchic perspective of organizational decision making known as the Garbage Can Model.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

The scope of his academic work was broad but focused on understanding how decisions happen in individuals, groups, organizations, companies and society.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> He explores factors that influence decision making, such as risk orientation, leadership and the ambiguity of the present and the past; politics and vested interests by stakeholders; the challenges of giving and receiving advice; the challenges of organizational and individual learning and the challenges of balancing exploration and exploitation in organizations.

Awards

March received numerous awards, including:

Personal

James March was the father of four children and a grandfather.<ref name="stanfordbio"/> He died on September 27, 2018, aged 90.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Bibliography: Selected Articles

Bibliography: Books

March wrote many books including some with different co-authors:

  • James G. March and Herbert A. Simon, Organizations. New York: Wiley, 1958. 2nd ed., Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1993. Translated into Arabic, Chinese, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Polish, Portuguese, and Spanish. Voted the seventh most influential management book of the 20th century in a poll of the fellows of the Academy of Management.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
  • Richard M. Cyert and James G. March, A Behavioral Theory of the Firm. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1963. 2nd ed., Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1992. Translated into Chinese, French, German, Italian, and Japanese.
  • James G. March, ed., Handbook of Organizations. Chicago, IL: Rand McNally, 1965.
  • Heinz Eulau and James G. March, eds., Political Science. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1969.
  • Bernard R. Gelbaum and James G. March, Mathematics for the Social and Behavioral Sciences: Probability, Calculus and Statistics. Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders Co., 1969.
  • Michael D. Cohen and James G. March, Leadership and Ambiguity: The American College President. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1974. 2nd ed., Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 1986.
  • Charles A. Lave and James G. March, An Introduction to Models in the Social Sciences. New York: Harper and Row, 1975. 2nd ed., Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1993. Translated into Dutch, Japanese, and Spanish. (1975) Template:ISBN
  • James G. March and Johan P. Olsen, Ambiguity and Choice in Organizations. Bergen, Norway: Universitetsforlaget, 1976. Translated into Japanese. (1980) Template:ISBN
  • James G. March, Autonomy as a Factor in Group Organization: A Study in Politics, New York: Arno Press, 1980. Template:ISBN
  • James G. March and Roger Weissinger-Baylon, eds., Ambiguity and Command: Organizational Perspectives on Military Decision Making. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1986.
  • James G. March, Decisions and Organizations. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988. Template:ISBN. Translated into French, German, Italian, and Japanese.
  • James G. March and Johan P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions: The Organizational Basis of Politics. New York: Free Press/Macmillan, 1989. Translated into Italian and Spanish. Template:ISBN
  • James G. March, A Primer on Decision Making: How Decisions Happen. New York, NY: The Free Press, 1994. Translated into Chinese, Greek, and Italian. Template:ISBN
  • James G. March, Fornuft og Forandring: Ledelse i en Verden Beriget av Uklarhet (Danish: Reason and Change: Leadership in a World Enriched by Ambiguity), articles selected and translated by Kristian Kreiner and Marianne Risberg. Copenhagen: Samfundslitteratur, 1995.
  • James G. March and Johan P. Olsen, Democratic Governance. New York, NY: The Free Press, 1995. Template:ISBN. Translated into Italian.
  • James G. March, The Pursuit of Organizational Intelligence. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1999. Template:ISBN.
  • James G. March, Martin Schulz, and Xueguang Zhou, The Dynamics of Rules: Change in Written Organizational Codes. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2000. Template:ISBN. Translated into Chinese and Italian.
  • Mie Augier and James G. March, eds., Economics of Change, Choice, and Organization: Essays in Memory of Richard M. Cyert. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, Ltd., 2002.
  • James G. March and Thierry Weil, Le leadership dans les organizations. (French: Leadership in Organizations). Paris: Les Presses de l’École des Mines, 2003. Translated into English as On Leadership. See below.
  • Mie Augier and James G. March, eds., Models of a Man: Essays in Memory of Herbert A. Simon. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004.
  • James G. March, Valg, Vane og Vision: Perspektiver på Aspiration og Adfærd (Danish: Choice, Habit and Vision: Perspectives on Aspirations and Behavior), articles selected and translated by Kristian Kreiner and Mie Augier. Copenhagen: Samfundslitteratur, 2005.
  • James G. March, Szervezeti tanulás és döntéshozatal (Hungarian: Organizational Learning and Decision Making), articles selected and translated by students at the László Rajk College. Budapest: Alinea Kiadó, 2005.
  • James G. March and Thierry Weil, On Leadership. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers, 2005. Template:ISBN. Translated into Spanish, Korean, Italian, Chinese.
  • James G. March, Explorations in Organizations. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2008.
  • James G. March, The Ambiguities of Experience. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2010.

Bibliography: Films

  • Passion and Discipline: Don Quixote's Lessons for Leadership. A film (67 minutes) conceived and written by James G. March, produced and directed by Steven C. Schecter. Schecter Films (in association with the Stanford Graduate School of Business), 2003.
  • Heroes and History: The Lessons for Leadership from Tolstoy's War and Peace. A film (65 minutes) conceived and written by James G. March, produced and directed by Steven C. Schecter. Schecter Films (in association with the Yale School of Management and the Copenhagen business School), 2008.

Bibliography: Poetry

  • James G. March, Academic Notes. London: Poets' and Painters' Press, 1974.
  • James G. March, Aged Wisconsin. London: Poets' and Painters' Press, 1977.
  • James G. March, Pleasures of the Process, London: Poets' and Painters' Press, 1980.
  • James G. March, Slow Learner. London: Poets' and Painters' Press, 1985.
  • James G. March, Minor Memos. London: Poets' and Painters' Press, 1990.
  • James G. March, Late Harvest. Palo Alto, CA: Bonde Press, 2000.
  • James G. March, Footprints. Palo Alto, CA: Bonde Press, 2005.
  • James G. March, Quiet Corners. Palo Alto, CA: Bonde Press, 2008.
  • James G. March, Small Steps. Palo Alto, CA: Bonde Press, 2010.
  • James G. March, A Collection of Words. Palo Alto, CA: Bonde Press, 2011.
  • James G. March, Fermented Fruit. Palo Alto, CA: Bonde Press, 2013.

References

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