James Laxer

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Template:Short description Template:Infobox academic James Robert Laxer (22 December 1941 – 23 February 2018), also known as Jim Laxer, was a Canadian political economist, historian, public intellectual, and political activist who served as a professor at York University.Template:Sfnm<ref name="neren">Template:Cite news</ref> Best known as co-founder of the Waffle, on whose behalf he ran for the leadership of the New Democratic Party in 1971, he was the author of more than two dozen books, mostly on Canadian political economy and history.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Early life and family

Laxer was born in Montreal, Quebec, on 22 December 1941Template:Sfn and was the son of Edna May Quentin and Robert Laxer, a psychologist, professor, author, and political activist.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> His father was Jewish and his mother was from a Protestant family. Her father, Reverend A.P. Quentin, a missionary to China for 30 years, had changed the family name from Quirmbach around the time of World War I.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Both of Laxer's parents were members of the Communist Party of Canada and its public face, the Labor-Progressive Party, with Robert Laxer being a national organizer for the party. The Laxers left the party, along with many other members, following Khrushchev's Secret Speech revealing Joseph Stalin's crimes, and the 1956 Soviet invasion of Hungary. James Laxer wrote about his experiences growing up during this period in his memoir Red Diaper Baby: A Boyhood in the Age of McCarthyism.Template:Sfn His father came to serve as a significant influence on his political worldview.Template:Sfn

His paternal grandfather was a rabbi and his maternal grandfather was a minister and Christian missionary to China, where Laxer's mother was born.Template:Sfn His brother, Gordon Laxer, became a political economist, author, and founder of the Parkland Institute.<ref name=starobit>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

He received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Toronto and Master of Arts (following approval of his thesis French-Canadian Newspapers and Imperial Defence, 1899–1914 in 1967) and Doctor of Philosophy degrees from Queen's University.Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He was an active student journalist both at The Varsity at the University of Toronto and later at the Queen's Journal and was elected president of Canadian University Press in 1965.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Laxer married three times. He married Diane Taylor in 1965, from whom he was divorced in 1969.<ref name="Harris family">Template:Cite web</ref>Template:Better source needed He married Krista Maeots in 1969.<ref name="neren"/> They had two children: Michael and Katherine (known as "Kate").<ref name="Harris family"/><ref name="globeobit">Template:Cite news</ref> She was a producer at CBC Radio for This Country in the Morning with Peter Gzowski, and then created and was executive producer of CBC Radio's Morningside program with Don Harron.<ref name = "Gzwoski Remembers Maeots"> Template:Cite news</ref> She committed suicide by drowning at Niagara Falls in 1978.<ref name ="Drowning"> Template:Cite news</ref> Laxer and Maeots were separated at the time of her death in 1978.<ref name="globeobit"/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Laxer married Sandra Price in 1979.Template:Sfnm They had two children: Emily and Jonathan.<ref name="Harris family"/><ref name="globeobit"/>

Political career

In 1969, Laxer, along with his father Robert Laxer, Mel Watkins, and others, founded the Waffle,Template:Sfn a left-wing group influenced by the New Left, the anti–Vietnam War movement, and Canadian economic nationalism, that tried to influence the direction of the New Democratic Party (NDP).Template:Sfnm Laxer was a principal author of their Manifesto for an Independent Socialist Canada in 1969 alongside Ed Broadbent and Gerald Caplan.Template:Sfn The manifesto was debated at the 1969 federal NDP convention and was rejected by the delegates in favour of a more moderate declaration.Template:Sfn

In 1971, Laxer ran for the leadership of the federal NDP and shocked the convention by winning one-third of the vote on the fourth and final ballot against party stalwart David Lewis.<ref name=starobit/>Template:Sfnm The Waffle was ultimately forced out of the NDP and briefly became a political party under the name Movement for an Independent Socialist Canada.<ref name=starobit/>Template:Sfn Laxer and other Wafflers unsuccessfully ran for Parliament in 1974.Template:Sfn This electoral failure led to the Waffle's demise,<ref name="Watkins">Template:Cite web</ref> and Laxer concentrated on his work at York University, where he was a professor of political science for 47 years,<ref name="globeobit"/> and in broadcasting.

In 1981, he was hired as director of research for the federal NDP, but left in controversy in 1983 when he published a report critiquing the party's economic policy as being "out of date".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Academic, writer, and broadcaster

Laxer hosted The Real Story, a nightly half-hour current affairs program on TVOntario in the early 1980s. He also variously wrote a column and op-ed pieces for the Toronto Star from the 1980s until shortly before his death, as well as op-ed pieces for The Globe and Mail.<ref name=starobit/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He also played "Talleyrand", a mock political insider, on CBC Radio's Morningside in the 1980s.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Laxer co-wrote and presented the five-part National Film Board documentary series Reckoning: The Political Economy of Canada in 1986, which examined Canada's economic and political relationships with the United States<ref name=starobit/>Template:Sfn and Canada's place in the changing global economy.<ref name=york/> Laxer and his co-writer won a Gemini Award in 1988 for Best Writing in an Information/Documentary Program or Series for episode one of Reckoning titled "In Bed with an Elephant".<ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Dead link</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation refused to air the series due to its critical view of free trade with the United States, which was being negotiated at the time, and it aired instead on TVOntario and other educational channels in Canada as well as a number of PBS stations in the United States.Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

A democratic socialist,<ref name=starobit/> Laxer believed that Canadian economic nationalism was a progressive force against the United States and American imperialism.Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He wrote extensively about the influence of American multinational corporations in the Canadian economy, particularly in the oil and gas industry, and his agitation helped lead to the creation of Petro-Canada.<ref name=york>Template:Cite web</ref> The creation of the Foreign Investment Review Agency, and the Canadian Development Corporation in the 1970s is also attributed in part to the work of Laxer, Watkins, and the Waffle.Template:Sfn In the 1980s he strongly opposed the adoption of the Canada–US Free Trade Agreement,Template:Sfn though he still believed that free trade agreements were capable of being used to the advantage of the political left through the entrenchment of social charters.Template:Sfn

Laxer died suddenly and unexpectedly in Paris of heart-related problems on 23 February 2018 while in Europe researching a book on Canada's role in the Second World War.<ref name="globeobit"/><ref name=starobit/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Selected works

See also

References

Citations

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