James Maitland Balfour
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox person James Maitland Balfour (5 January 1820 – 23 February 1856) was a Scottish land-owner and businessman. He made a fortune in the 19th-century railway boom, and inherited a significant portion of his father's great wealth.
He was a Conservative Member of Parliament in the 1840s, and was the father of Prime Minister Arthur Balfour, 1st Earl of Balfour.
Life
Balfour was the son of James Balfour and his wife Lady Eleanor, daughter of James Maitland, 8th Earl of Lauderdale. He was educated at Eton College and Trinity College, Cambridge.<ref>Template:Acad</ref>
Balfour inherited his father's neo-classical mansion Whittingehame House and his Highland estate in Ross-shire, as well as a house in Grosvenor Square, London.<ref name="histparl-james-balfour-d1845">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He also inherited his father's business skills, and became a director of the North British Railway at the height of the railway mania, which earned him a fortune.<ref name="zebel">Template:Cite book</ref>
He served as Member of Parliament for Haddington from 1841 until 1847 and was also Major Commandant of the East Lothian Yeomanry Cavalry, who erected the Balfour Monument in his honour overlooking Traprain Law, Template:Convert south west of East Linton in Scotland.
Balfour married Lady Blanche Mary Harriet Gascoyne-Cecil, daughter of James Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury, on 15 August 1843 (her brother Robert later became Prime Minister of the United Kingdom). They had eight children, five sons and three daughters:
- Eleanor Mildred Balfour (1845–1936), who married Henry Sidgwick and was Principal of Newnham College, Cambridge
- Evelyn Georgiana Mary Balfour (1846/7–1934), married John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh
- Arthur James Balfour, 1st Earl of Balfour (1848–1930), Conservative politician and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1902 to 1905
- Cecil Charles Balfour (1849–1881)
- Alice Blanche Balfour (1850–1936), an entomologist, geneticist, naturalist and scientific illustrator.<ref>Opitz, Donald L. ""Behind folding shutters in Whittingehame House": Alice Blanche Balfour (1850–1936) and amateur natural history." Archives of Natural History 31, no. 2 (2004): 330–348. {{#invoke:CS1 identifiers|main|_template=doi}}</ref>
- Francis Maitland Balfour (1851–1882), Professor of Animal Morphology at the University of Cambridge
- Gerald William Balfour, 2nd Earl of Balfour (1853–1945), Conservative politician who served as Chief Secretary for Ireland and President of the Board of Trade
- Colonel Eustace James Anthony Balfour (1854–1911), an architect who served as ADC to King Edward VII.<ref name="dsa-eustace-balfour">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref> His wife Lady Frances Balfour<ref name="dsa-eustace-balfour" /> was a leading suffragist.<ref name="odnb-frances">Template:Cite ODNB</ref>
Balfour died of tuberculosis on 23 February 1856 in Funchal, Madeira, aged 36. Lady Blanche Balfour died in 1872.
References
External links
Template:S-start Template:S-par Template:Succession box Template:S-end Template:Authority control
- 1820 births
- 1856 deaths
- People educated at Eton College
- Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies
- 19th-century deaths from tuberculosis
- UK MPs 1841–1847
- Tuberculosis deaths in Portugal
- British railway entrepreneurs
- 19th-century Scottish landowners
- Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
- People from Haddington, East Lothian
- Balfour family (Whittingehame)
- Parents of prime ministers of the United Kingdom
- 19th-century Scottish businesspeople