Jesse Jackson Jr.
Template:Short description Template:Good article Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox officeholder Jesse Louis Jackson Jr. (born March 11, 1965) is an American former politician. He served as the U.S. representative from Template:Ushr from 1995 until his resignation in 2012. A member of the Democratic Party, he is the son of activist and former presidential candidate Jesse Jackson and, prior to his career in elected office, worked for his father in both the elder Jackson's 1984 presidential campaign and his social justice, civil rights and political activism organization, Operation PUSH. Jackson's then-wife, Sandi Jackson, served on the Chicago City Council. He served as a national co-chairman of the 2008 Barack Obama presidential campaign.<ref name=TPL>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Jackson established a consistent liberal record on both social and fiscal issues,<ref name=IHJLJ/> and he has co-authored books on civil rights and personal finance.
In October 2012, Jackson was investigated for financial improprieties including misuse of campaign funds. Jackson resigned from Congress on November 21, 2012, citing mental and physical health problems, including bipolar disorder and gastrointestinal problems. On February 8, 2013, Jackson admitted to violating federal campaign law by using campaign funds to make personal purchases.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Jackson pleaded guilty on February 20, 2013, to one count of wire and mail fraud.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On August 14, 2013, he was sentenced to 30 months in federal prison.<ref name="Chicago Sun Times">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Jackson was released from prison on March 26, 2015. Jackson and other Democratic Chicago leaders asked President Joe Biden for Jackson to be given a pardon at the end of 2024,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> but he did not receive one.
In October 2025, Jackson announced his candidacy to reclaim his former congressional seat in the 2026 election.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Early life, education, and early political career
Jackson was born in Greenville, South Carolina, and was raised in the Jackson Park Highlands District of the South Shore community area on the South Side of Chicago.<ref name="JW28">Jackson and Watkins, p. 28.</ref><ref>Jackson and Watkins, p. 31.</ref> He was one of five children of Jesse and Jacqueline (Brown) Jackson.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=TDIAJRDWPFHSTISD>Template:Cite news</ref> He attended nursery school at the University of Chicago and attended John J. Pershing Elementary School.<ref name=JW28/> At age five, Jackson mimicked his father in a speech atop a milk crate at the Operation PUSH headquarters.<ref name=WDJW/> His time with his father sometimes occurred in the time between political meetings.<ref name=JJJIHFSBHRBtR>Template:Cite news</ref>
He and his brother Jonathan were sent to Le Mans Academy in Rolling Prairie, Indiana after Jackson was diagnosed as hyperactive. As a young cadet, he was paddled at times for disciplinary reasons. During his tenure there, he earned the rank of Company Commander.<ref name=WDJW/><ref>Jackson and Watkins, p. 29.</ref> Jackson repeated ninth grade and was suspended from school twice.<ref>Jackson and Watkins, p. 32.</ref> Jackson graduated from St. Albans School.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He was an all-state running back on his football team in high school and was featured in the February 1984 issue of Sports Illustrated as part of their Faces in the Crowd section, which noted him for his 15 touchdowns, 889 rushing yards, and 7.2 yards per carry in six games.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Jackson enrolled in North Carolina A&T University, his father's alma mater,<ref name=WDJW/> earning his Bachelor of Science degree magna cum laude in 1987.<ref name=BoRJLJJ>Template:Cite web</ref> He decided to follow his father's advice to receive a seminary education at the Chicago Theological Seminary, where he earned his master's degree a year early but opted not to become ordained.<ref name=WDJW/> Jackson proceeded to law school at the University of Illinois and convinced his future wife to transfer there from the Georgetown University Law Center. He then earned a Juris Doctor from the University of Illinois College of Law in 1993.<ref name=JJLJ>Template:Cite web</ref> Jackson never sat for the bar exam despite finishing his coursework a semester early.<ref name=WDJW/>
As a teenager, Jackson and his brother Jonathan assisted in their father's civil rights activities.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> During the 1984 Democratic primaries, the three Jackson brothers sometimes appeared at events together in support of their father's presidential campaign.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> While in college, Jackson held a voter registration drive that registered 3,500 voters on a campus with 4,500 students.<ref name=JW33>Jackson and Watkins, p. 33.</ref> His first job after graduation was as an executive director for the Rainbow Coalition.<ref>Jackson and Watkins, p. 34.</ref>
Jackson was again involved in his father's campaigning during the 1988 Democratic primaries.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 1988, in the dealings between his father and Michael Dukakis at the 1988 Democratic National Convention, Jackson's father obtained for him a position as an at-large member of the Democratic National Committee (DNC) by a nomination from Democratic Party chairman Paul Kirk.<ref name=Dems>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Jackson Jr. was the last of the five children to speak and introduced his father with the words "a man who fights against the odds, who lives against the odds, our dad, Jesse Jackson."<ref name=TDIAJRDWPFHSTISD/> At the time, in Time magazine, Margaret Carlson depicted the younger Jackson as a well-spoken and compelling personality who would likely carry any of his father's political aspirations that his father was unable to achieve himself.<ref name=Dems/> His experience with the DNC gave him the opportunity to work on numerous congressional election races.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> After the convention he also became a vice president of Operation PUSH.<ref>Jackson and Watkins, p. 35.</ref>
Jackson was arrested on his twenty-first birthday in Washington, D.C., following his participation in demonstrations against apartheid at the South African Embassy.<ref name=RW/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He had been arrested with his father and brother the year before in a similar activity.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> His protest against apartheid extended to weekly demonstrations in front of the South African Consulate in Chicago. Jackson shared the stage with Nelson Mandela when Mandela made his historic speech following his release from a 27-year imprisonment in Cape Town in February 1990.<ref name=BoRJLJJ/> Before entering the House, he became secretary of the Democratic National Committee's Black Caucus, the national field director of the National Rainbow Coalition and a member of the Rainbow/PUSH Coalition.<ref name=JJLJ/> Jackson served as the national field director of the Rainbow Coalition from 1993 to 1995.<ref name=JW/> Under Jackson's leadership, the Rainbow Coalition attempted to stimulate equitable hiring in the National Basketball Association because while 78% of the league's players were African American, 92% of the front-office executive positions, 88% of the administrative jobs, and 85% of the support positions were held by whites.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> While serving as the field director for the National Rainbow Coalition, he helped register millions of new voters through a newly instituted national non-partisan program. He also created a voter education program to teach citizens the importance of participating in the political process.<ref name=BoRJLJJ/> He was a member of the Congressional Black Caucus, and also a founding board member of the Apollo Alliance.
U.S. House of Representatives
Elections
Jackson's wife wanted him to run for the 2nd District Congressional seat in the 1996 primary election,<ref name=WDJW/> while his father wanted him to run for a position as an alderman or for the Illinois General Assembly.<ref name=JW38>Jackson and Watkins, p. 38.</ref> The 2nd District includes part of Chicago's southeast suburbs known as the Southland and part of the South Side.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Jackson's father approached state Sen. Alice J. Palmer with a deal in which the Jacksons would support her for Congress in exchange for her support for Jackson for the Illinois Senate. Jackson Jr. did not agree with the plan and wanted to run for the 2nd District seat.<ref name=JW38/> After seeking approval from former Democratic National Committee chairman David Wilhelm, he decided to run for the seat against Palmer.<ref name=WDJW/> When Mel Reynolds, who was later convicted on sexual misconduct charges, resigned from Congress on September 1, 1995, Jackson's name surfaced as a potential replacement;<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> on September 10, 1995, Jackson officially declared his candidacy.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Jackson's opponents in the Democratic primary were Palmer, Emil Jones, Monique Davis, and John Morrow in the Democratic primary, which was set for November 29, 1995.<ref name=JJJWPiC/><ref name=FMS>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Jones was endorsed by Chicago Mayor Richard M. Daley.<ref name=WDJW>Template:Cite web</ref> Jackson was endorsed by the Daily Southtown, Markham Mayor Evans Miller, and one local labor organization.<ref>Jackson and Watkins, p. 39.</ref> Campaign controversy arose when it was revealed that Jackson's salary as field director the Rainbow Coalition had been subsidized by the Hotel Employees and Restaurant Employees Union, which was accused by a U.S. Senate investigative committee of having ties to organized crime.<ref name=JJJWPiC/> Jackson was one of several Democrats who received campaign contributions from John Huang, a Democratic fundraiser who illegally funneled over $150,000 to Democratic candidates and was later convicted of conspiracy to commit campaign finance fraud. While most other recipients of the Huang-aggregated funds returned them or donated them elsewhere, Jackson kept the money, saying Huang's $1,000 contribution to his campaign was within legal limits.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Jackson won the Democratic primary with 48% of the vote to Jones's 39%, with the rest of the votes scattered among the other three candidates.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Republicans nominated Thomas Somer. Since the district was overwhelmingly Democratic, Jackson was the favorite for the December 12, 1995 special election.<ref name=JJJWPiC>Template:Cite news</ref> Jackson won the general election with 76% of the vote;<ref name=JW>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> his victory was widely anticipated.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Upon his victory, Jackson made it known he would be a liberal voice in opposition to Speaker of the House of Representatives Newt Gingrich.<ref name=VHJJJHtC/> He took office on December 15, 1995.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Jackson was perceived as less charismatic than his father and less credentialed than his predecessor, but his family pedigree was expected to help him politically.<ref name=JW/><ref name=FMS/> In August 1996, Somer withdrew from a rematch leaving Jackson with no major party opposition in the November 1996 general election.<ref name=IL>Template:Cite magazine</ref> As a result, Jackson received 94% of the vote in the general election.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
As he prepared to run for president in 2000, Vice President Al Gore attempted to maintain good relations with the Jackson family, hoping to discourage Jackson's father from running for president against him. Jackson received a congratulatory call from Gore after his election in 1995. In 1998, Gore campaigned for and advised Jackson, and went out of his way to instruct aides to create a vice presidential event in Jackson's district to boost Jackson.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
The 2nd District was overwhelmingly black when Jackson was first elected and remained so after the redistricting process following the 2000 Census.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Jackson won re-election in 2000 by a 90–10 margin over Robert Gordon.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In 2001, the Federal Election Commission ruled that Jackson could hire his wife on his campaign payroll as long as she was paid no more than the fair market value for her services.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2002, Jackson was challenged in the Democratic primary by three candidates.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Jackson claimed that state Sen. William Shaw and his brother, Cook County Board of Review Commissioner Robert Shaw, had planted a bogus candidate in the primary race. The claim was that they selected 68-year-old retired Robbins truck driver, Jesse L. Jackson, as an opponent in order to confuse voters and derail the congressman's re-election campaign. Jackson asked a Cook County court to question the Shaws and others under oath, but his effort was rejected and no criminal wrongdoing was found.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> As Jackson prepared to take further legal action, Jesse L. Jackson withdrew his candidacy after the unexpected deaths of his wife and grandson.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Jackson won re-election in the 2004 House of Representatives elections by a wide margin over Stephanie Kennedy Sailor.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2005, Jackson supported legislation that gave the United States Federal Court of Appeals jurisdiction over the Terri Schiavo case.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In the 2006 election among Jackson's opponents was Libertarian Party candidate and African-American pastor Anthony Williams, an outspoken opponent of immigration.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Jackson won with 85% of the vote.<ref>2006 results</ref>
Tenure
Jackson quickly built a track record of never missing a floor vote.<ref name=RW/><ref name=JJJADV/> Once he nearly missed his great-grandmother's funeral for a roll call, but the presiding officer was able to slightly delay the closing of the roll, thereby keeping his attendance record.<ref name=RW/> Fellow Democrats said he debates and votes with a contentiousness that makes it difficult to view him as a team player.<ref name=JJJADV/> Jackson developed foes not only in the House, but also in Chicago against William Daley, who had a hand in several attempts to block Jackson's seating on the transportation committee he desired because of his support for a third Chicago airport.<ref name=JJJADV/> Jackson has also been a target of conservative media figures.<ref name=JJJADV/> Jackson established a heavily liberal voting record on both social and fiscal issues.<ref name=IHJLJ>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=WDJW/> During the 1990s, because of his name recognition and liberal track record, Jackson received many public speaking and media requests.<ref name=RW>Template:Cite news</ref>
After being elected, Jackson attempted to parlay his popularity into a seat on the United States House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, using the leverage of his ability to perform voter registration drives.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In the 1996 elections, Jackson began to rival his father as a requested visitor to congressional districts with 36 requests from congressional colleagues.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He was typically sent on the "black circuit" without any notification to the press when he campaigned for other candidates.<ref name=JJJIHFSBHRBtR/> Jackson made 30 appearances for Democratic congressional candidates in 1998.<ref name=JJJADV/>
Jackson had some controversial interactions with Jewish leaders in his early years in office. In 1996, his message of unity and cooperation with the Jews was met with skepticism.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 1997, Jackson was criticized for offering mere disagreement with anti-Semitic remarks made by Louis Farrakhan while he was in New York City for the mayoral race; Jewish leaders were unsatisfied by Jackson's response to Farrakhan.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 1997, Newsweek mentioned Jackson in their list of 100 people to watch in the new century, dubbed "the Century Club", and raised the question of whether he would be the first black president.<ref>Template:Cite web Alt URL</ref> Jackson criticized the Bill Clinton administration for working with Republicans and voted in dissent on several notable bills that were the products of compromise between Democrats and Republicans.<ref name=RW/> Jackson preferred direct aid and debt relief to trade reform as a method of helping impoverished nations such as those of sub-Saharan Africa and the Caribbean Basin, fearing that relaxed trade regulations would possibly benefit corporations and exploit labor.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He is also an opponent of incentives for corporations to invest in developing nations.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He was outspoken on issues of minority hiring in information technology.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Jackson voted against the impeachment of Bill Clinton, voting against all four articles of impeachment considered by the House.<ref>Clinton impeachment vote</ref> Template:Multiple image In late 2000, as word spread that President-elect George W. Bush intended to appoint both Colin Powell, Condoleezza Rice and a third unnamed black to the United States Cabinet, Jackson sought to prevent blacks from supporting Bush as Bush planned to reach out to blacks.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Jackson partnered with Republican Henry Hyde to push for a third Chicago airport. Jackson said Hyde was the right wing complement to his own left wing role in pursuing support for the airport.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Jackson has withheld support for local Democrats who would not support the airport, such as 1998 Democratic gubernatorial nominee Glenn Poshard.<ref name=JJJADV>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
On January 6, 2001, Jackson and other members of the House of Representatives objected to counting the 25 electoral votes from Florida which George W. Bush narrowly won after a contentious recount. Because no senator joined his objection, the objection was dismissed by Vice President Al Gore, who was Bush's opponent in the 2000 presidential election.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In 2004, Jackson supported the Ho-Chunk tribe's proposal for a casino within his district in Lynwood, Illinois. The proposal was to build the largest casino in the state as part of an entertainment complex.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2005, Jackson sponsored a bill for the creation and acquisition of a life-size statue of Rosa Parks to be placed in Statuary Hall at the United States Capitol. The bill approving the funding for the statue was signed by President Bush on December 1, 2005.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref><ref name=BsbfRPsiC>Template:Cite news</ref>
After the 2004 elections, Jackson became vocal in supporting election reform, disliking the way election rules differ across jurisdictions, saying that the U.S. "is founded on the constitutional foundation of 'states' rights'—50 states, 3,067 counties and 13,000 different election jurisdictions, all separate and unequal."<ref name=IDaV>Template:Cite web</ref> He was one of the 31 House Democrats who voted to not count the 20 electoral votes from Ohio in the 2004 presidential election, despite Republican President George Bush winning the state by 118,457 votes.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He also proposed legislation for uniform voting standards that was supported by black leaders.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Template:Multiple image Jackson and Zach Wamp were spokespersons for the changing the name of the main hall of the United States Capitol Visitor Center from the Great Hall to Emancipation Hall. The Library of Congress's main hall was already designated Great Hall. Some had wanted further feedback on naming possibilities, but the United States House Committee on Appropriations approved the new name, and it passed the House.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Jackson was one of the liberal leaders who supported a fixed timetable for Iraq troop withdrawals.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2007, he has also co-sponsored (along with Roy Blunt), legislation providing nearly $1 million to each family that lost someone to the al-Qaida activities in the 1998 United States embassy bombings.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2007 Jackson voiced an interest in initiating impeachment proceedings against President Bush for "crimes against the Constitution of the United States."<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
In March 2011, Jackson attracted ridicule for a speech he made on the House floor proposing a constitutional amendment for "equal education rights", which he illustrated by proposing that every student in America receive an iPad from the federal government.<ref>Congressman stands by his proposal: An iPad for every student</ref> In April 2011, Jackson spoke on the house floor, blaming the iPad for "eliminating thousands of American jobs."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In the February 27, 2007 Chicago municipal elections, Jackson's wife, Sandi Jackson, won the election for Alderman in Chicago's 7th ward.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Jackson gave a prime-time speech at the 2008 Democratic National Convention on August 25, 2008.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> During his speech he referenced Martin Luther King Jr., stating, "I'm sure that Dr. King is looking down on us here in Denver noting this is the first political convention in history to take place within sight of a mountain top."<ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Jackson said, "I know Barack Obama. I've seen his leadership at work. I've seen the difference he has made in the lives of people across Illinois."<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> At the convention, Jackson started what was described as a "hugfest" in an attempt to unite the Illinois Democratic party, which had been squabbling internally. He started by hugging Bobby Rush (who had been upset that Jackson's wife was being positioned for Rush's seat when Rush had been ill earlier in the year) and then he hugged Debbie Halvorson, who had been at odds with him over the proposed airport. He then asked if anyone else was mad at him. At this point Mayor Daley jumped up to hug Jackson. Jackson then said, "I'm not going to be satisfied until I see Rod Blagojevich give Mike Madigan a hug."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Before the entire Congress was charged with mitigating the 2008 financial crisis and the Great Recession, Jackson proposed that the United States Department of Agriculture increase the allotment of food stamps.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> During the congressional debates on a federal bailout, Jackson worried about the viability of various plan iterations to his constituents. Although only two years earlier he spoke of Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi in glowing terms, he could not support the late-September version of the legislation she was proposing because he felt it contained inadequate homeowner protections.<ref name=BaHCRPoB>Template:Cite news</ref> Although he voted against the bill on September 29, 2008, he voted in support of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 on October 3, 2008.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He later expressed concerns in a New York Times op-ed article about the implications that the eventual bill had on enfranchisement due to the lack of protections for homeowners as it relates to voting rights.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Jackson sponsored legislation to make the Pullman District a National Park Service jurisdiction.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On April 21, 2012, Jackson held a symbolic groundbreaking for the proposed third airport.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Committee assignments
Jackson was also appointed to the Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission in 2003.<ref name=BoRJLJJ/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He was among the scholars and politicians adding commentaries to Lincoln in Illinois which was published by the Abraham Lincoln Association and the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library Foundation.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The book had been expected in the fall but was published in June 2008.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Health issues
On June 10, 2012, Jackson took a medical leave of absence from the House, citing exhaustion.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On July 11, 2012, Jackson's office said he was being treated for a mood disorder at a residential treatment facility. His office denied speculation that he was being treated for alcoholism.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On August 13, 2012, it was confirmed by numerous news outlets that Jackson was being treated for bipolar disorder.<ref name="bipolar">Template:Cite magazine</ref>
Campaign fraud
In October 2012, federal prosecutors and FBI agents in Washington, D.C., investigated Jackson for alleged financial improprieties, including possible misuse of campaign funds.<ref name="suntimes">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Sixteen days after being re-elected to another term, Jackson resigned effective on November 21, 2012, citing his health problems and acknowledging the ethics investigations.<ref>Jesse Jackson Jr. quits Congress, cites health reasons</ref>
Jackson and wife Sandi signed plea agreements in early February 2013. Jackson Jr. agreed to plead guilty to charges of fraud, conspiracy, making false statements, mail fraud, wire fraud, and criminal forfeiture—having used about $750,000 in campaign money for over 3000 personal purchases that included a Michael Jackson fedora and cashmere capes.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
The Justice Department filed the charges on February 15, 2013,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and Jackson pleaded guilty on February 20, 2013, to one count of wire and mail fraud in connection with his misuse of $750,000 of campaign funds. On June 7, 2013, federal prosecutors indicated that they sought a four-year prison sentence for Jackson.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> On August 14, 2013, Jackson was sentenced to 30 months in federal prison,<ref name="Chicago Sun Times"/> while wife Sandi was sentenced to 12 months in prison for filing false tax returns in an attempt to conceal the crimes.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Their sentences were not concurrent; Jackson served his, and after his release she served hers. The staggered sentences allowed for the Jackson children to have access to one parent during the time the other was in prison.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Prison and release
On October 26, 2013, Jackson reported to the Federal Correctional Complex in Butner, near Raleigh, North Carolina, to begin serving his sentence.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
On March 26, 2015, Jackson was released from the minimum-security Federal Prison Camp, Montgomery in Montgomery, Alabama, to serve the rest of his sentence at a halfway house (the Volunteers of America Chesapeake facility in Baltimore, Maryland). After being released, Jackson was required to complete another three years on supervised release and perform 500 hours of community service.<ref>Scott Neuman, Former Illinois Rep. Jesse Jackson Jr. Released From Prison, NPR (March 26, 2015).</ref><ref>Katherine Skiba, Jesse Jackson Jr. arrives at halfway house, asks for 'a second chance', Chicago Tribune, March 27, 2015.</ref> He was released in the morning of June 22, 2015, after spending three months serving his remaining sentence in a halfway house.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Other political activities
2000 presidential election
Jackson reluctantly supported Al Gore when he became the Democratic presidential nominee, saying Gore and his running mate Joe Lieberman were not liberal enough but that he supported Gore as the only alternative to George W. Bush. Jackson criticized Lieberman and the campaign for emphasizing the importance of personal morality in American politicians.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Nevertheless, Jackson indicated he would persuade liberal voters unenthusiastic about Gore to support the Democratic ticket, rather than Green Party nominee Ralph Nader.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Despite his criticism of the Gore campaign, Jackson was still mentioned as a possible appointee for United States Secretary of Education if Gore was elected.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
2007 mayoral election
Rep. Jackson considered entering the 2007 Chicago mayoral election, challenging 18-year incumbent Richard M. Daley, pledging to make a decision after the 2006 United States House of Representatives elections<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On November 8, 2006, he announced that he would not seek the mayoralty.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
Support for Barack Obama
Jackson was speculated as a potential candidate for the U.S. Senate in 2004, but declined to run and instead became one of Barack Obama's early supporters.<ref name=TAoH>Template:Cite web</ref> He endorsed Howard Dean for the 2004 Democratic presidential nomination, joining Al Gore in saying Dean was the most likely candidate in the primary to beat Bush.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The endorsement was a bitter blow to the hopes of candidate Al Sharpton, who had hoped for endorsements from both Jackson and his father.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Jackson was a national co-chairman of Barack Obama's 2008 presidential campaign.<ref name=TPL/> As such, he is involved in garnering support from the superdelegates.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> During the campaign, he provided the voice for some advertisements such as one South Carolina radio ad in which he said: "Once, South Carolina voted for my father, and sent a strong message to the nation, ... Next year, you can send more than a message. You can launch a president.'"<ref name=WN102407>Template:Cite web</ref> When describing Obama, he stated that "Barack Obama is not speaking as a friend of the community; he's part of the community ... He doesn't always tell people what they want to hear. He tells them what they need to hear.'"<ref name=WN102407/> During the campaign, he described Obama as the first "successor" of Martin Luther King Jr. to use the thoughtful and careful approach to language to frame social debate in a way that is unlikely to alienate whites and noted his ability to get various factions to agree with him and his political positions.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Jackson had a lengthy relationship with Obama. Obama's Illinois State Senate 13th district that he served from 1997 to 2005 was within Jackson's district. Jackson's sister Santita was a close friend of Michelle Obama and served as a bridesmaid at the Obama wedding.<ref name=ABCWHOFL/> In 2008, Jackson's father, Jesse Jackson, wrote an op-ed in the Chicago Sun-Times attacking presidential candidate Obama for his lack of activist involvement;<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Jackson Junior responded sharply in the same paper with a defense of Obama.<ref name=ABCWHOFL>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
On July 6, 2008, Jackson's father said he thought Obama talks down to black people, and unaware he was near a live microphone offhandedly commented that he would like to "cut [Obama's] nuts off". Jackson Junior quickly expressed his outrage at and disappointment in his father's "ugly rhetoric".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Jackson's father said he was expressing his disappointment in Obama's Father's Day speech chastisement of Black fathers.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
2009 U.S. Senate seat
Jackson emerged as a possible candidate to replace Barack Obama, who, after being elected President of the United States on November 4, 2008, officially resigned his seat in the U.S. Senate effective November 16.<ref name=OvlISsil>Template:Cite news</ref> The class 3 Illinois Senate seat was up for re-election in 2010.<ref name=ECaRtFSV>Template:Cite news</ref> Other contenders included Danny Davis, Jan Schakowsky, Tammy Duckworth, Emil Jones Jr., Kwame Raoul, Dan Hynes, and Lisa Madigan,<ref name=OvlISsil/> while other sources also mentioned Luis Gutierrez and Melissa Bean.<ref name=ORBMSP>Template:Cite news</ref> One early name mentioned, Valerie Jarrett, withdrew her name from consideration and both Davis and Duckworth noted that they had not been contacted by the governor's office by the time Obama announced his resignation on November 13, 2008.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> In a radio interview on the subject, Jackson cited his record on federal funding for his district, loyalty to Obama and diligence in voting in the U.S. House.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> At the time, Obama was the only black U.S. Senator,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and black leaders pressured Blagojevich to appoint a black successor. The Chicago Defender and Southtown Star both endorsed Jackson, who noted that public opinion polls show him as the favorite.<ref name=OvlISsil/><ref name=ORBMSP/> The selection was coming at a time when the Governor's public approval ratings were at an all-time low, which added to the pressure for him to make a selection that would be good for his own political perception,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and it was believed that Jackson's constituency was one that the Governor might need to appease.<ref name=ECaRtFSV/> Although Obama and Duckworth laid a wreath together on Veterans Day, Obama did not endorse a successor.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> However, in an internal report filed by Obama legal advisor Greg Craig, "Obama authorized Emanuel to pass on the names of four people he considered to be highly qualified to take over his seat – Illinois Comptroller Dan Hynes, Illinois Veterans' Affairs Director Tammy Duckworth, Rep. Jan Schakowsky and Rep. Jesse Jackson Jr."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
On November 27, 2008, Blagojevich hinted that Davis might be his choice.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On December 6, the Chicago Tribune reported that Jackson was among the minority of potential candidates who had not been granted a meeting with Blagojevich on the subject,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> but two days later Blagojevich granted Jackson a meeting.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On December 9, the day after a 90-minute meeting that Jackson described as his first meeting with Blagojevich in years,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> the Rod Blagojevich federal corruption scandal became public when the Governor was arrested.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> On December 10, Jackson was contacted by federal prosecutors for questioning with regard to the scandal involving Governor Blagojevich's search for a replacement. The press speculated that Jackson was "Senate Candidate #5", for whom it is alleged by Blagojevich that emissaries offered up to a million dollars in exchange for the appointment. Jackson, however, denies any wrongdoing, and says that the U.S. Attorney's office assured him that he is not a target of the investigation.<ref name=SSRJJJiSC5>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In a press conference, his lawyer confirmed his belief that Jackson is candidate No. 5, but asserted that he has done nothing wrong.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news Template:Dead link</ref> Immediately thereafter, in his own news conference, Jackson confirmed that he is a subject and not a target of the investigation and emphatically stated his opposition to "pay to play" politics.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> On December 16, a Jackson spokesperson confirmed special federal investigators have been questioning him since the summer.<ref name=JJMHBWWF>Template:Cite web</ref> Also WLS-TV reported December 15 that Jackson has notified investigators that Blagojevich refused to appoint Sandi Jackson, his wife, as state lottery director because Jackson refused to donate $25,000 to the governor's campaign fund.<ref name=JJMHBWWF/> Jackson spokesman Kenneth Edmonds clarified that although Jackson had been a federal informant for over a decade,<ref name=JJaitBi>Template:Cite news</ref> never did his cooperation concern the current investigation into the Senate seat.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Although Blagojevich's corruption was reported to have been under federal investigation, journalist Howard Fineman of the Huffington Post allegedly has sources that claim Jackson attributes the Obama replacement case to Obama's neutral stance. According to Fineman's reported source, Jackson felt if Obama had endorsed him, Blagojevich would have selected Jackson.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> When the scandal first broke, the reaction was that Jackson's reputation was sullied to the point that his viability as a senatorial candidate was diminished.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> However, reports that Jackson has been a longtime federal information provider has led political allies to continue to speak of his viability as a candidate.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> After much controversy, Roland Burris was successfully nominated by Blagojevich.<ref name=SDetsBT>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=RBtBSIaSoT>Template:Cite news</ref>
In 2009, Jackson was named one of the 15 most corrupt members of Congress by the liberal Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington for his role in the scandal.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> On September 21, 2010, Jackson addressed a claim by businessman Raghuveer Nayak to the FBI that Jackson purchased plane tickets for a woman Nayak identified as a "social acquaintance" of Jackson, "The reference to a social acquaintance is a private and personal matter between me and my wife that was handled some time ago," Jackson said. "I ask that you respect our privacy."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In September 2010, fundraiser Nayak was mentioned in the press as having been an alleged go between for Jackson and Blagojevich with the message that Jackson would help Blagojevich raise $6 million in exchange for the Senate appointment.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The allegations became the subject of a Congressional ethics investigation.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Author
In December 1999, he co-authored It's About the Money: How You Can Get Out of Debt, Build Wealth, and Achieve Your Financial Dreams.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The book is a self-help book with directions for achieving personal financial independence.<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref> The book is targeted toward people of limited means.<ref name=TDCR>Template:Cite news</ref> In the fall of 2001, he co-authored Legal Lynching: The Death Penalty and America's Future, also known as Legal Lynching II.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> With coauthors, Rev. Jesse Jackson, Jackson Jr., and Bruce Shapiro, the anti-death penalty voice was heard very publicly.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> The book was published, at a time when public opposition to the death penalty was at a historically high level, by two of America's most prominent civil rights leaders.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It was a follow-up to Legal Lynching: Racism, Injustice and the Death Penalty,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> which was released in 1996 by Jackson Sr. In 2001, Jackson Jr. authored A More Perfect Union: Advancing New American Rights, with his press secretary, Frank Watkins.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The book outlines his moral and political philosophies, and it provides an autobiographical sketch.<ref name=AMPUH>Template:Cite book</ref> It provides analysis on the link between race and economics from colonial America to the present with a vision for the future.<ref name=AMPUH/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In addition to the analysis, it provides eight proposed constitutional amendments that Jackson sees as essential to pursuit of broader social and economic opportunity.<ref name=8steNbbRJobsfitloeA>Template:Cite news</ref> Since the publication of this book, Jackson has refined these and formally proposed these constitutional amendments.<ref name=RJkpbwcfC>Template:Cite news</ref>
Personal life
During the 1988 presidential campaign, Jackson met his future wife, Sandi Stevens, who was press secretary for United States Congressman Mickey Leland.<ref>Jackson and Watkins, p. 36.</ref> After her first year at Georgetown University Law Center, the couple decided public higher education was more affordable and jointly enrolled at the University of Illinois College of Law. While still law students, they married on June 1, 1991.<ref name=JW37>Jackson and Watkins, p. 37.</ref> Jackson and Sandi have two children, Jesse III ("Tre") and Jessica and keep two homes. They own one in the South Shore community area,<ref name=WDJW/> which is within both the 2nd district that Congressman Jackson represented in the United States House of Representatives and within the seventh ward that his wife represented on the Chicago City Council as Alderman. The South Shore home serves as an election base for himself and candidates he has supported, for which he claims a 13–0 record in public elections.<ref name=WDJW/> The South Shore home was the featured renovation on an HGTV Hidden Potential episode, first aired on March 24, 2009. The Jacksons also own a home in Dupont Circle in Washington, D.C., which served as the family home and base for his service in Congress.<ref name=WDJW/>
Jackson's earliest public controversy came when he was linked to alleged Nigerian drug trafficker Pius Ailemen. Ailemen was supposed to be Jackson's best man at his 1991 wedding, but canceled at the last minute due to supposed passport-related issues. Jackson and Aileman were investigated by the FBI; the investigation and court proceedings extended for several years. A wiretap recorded many conversations between the two, and financial records indicate that Ailemen had purchased an Alfa Romeo using a $13,000 charge on Jackson's credit card.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Ailemen was sentenced to 24 years and four months in jail.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2003, Ailemen was denied petition for a writ of certiorari. Ailemen's current motion questions Jackson's activities as a government informant at the time of his testimony in Ailemen's trial.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Jackson acknowledges that he has had the benefits of privilege and opportunity and says that his hobbies include fencing, hunting and fishing, especially salmon fishing.<ref name=VHJJJHtC>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=BotS>Template:Cite web</ref> He often enjoys these hobbies in bipartisan friendships that include Dick Armey and regarded the late Republican Rep. Henry Hyde as one of his closest friends.<ref name=BotS/> In fact, Armey points to Jackson as an example of his ability to work with politicians at all ends of the political spectrum.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Jackson also has a very good relationship with Republican United States President George W. Bush despite their sharp ideological differences.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The relationship traces back to when Jackson Sr. and United States President-Elect George H. W. Bush met to discuss a range of issues while Jackson Jr. and his siblings Santita and Jonathan had an hour-and-a-half luncheon with future President George W.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He also developed a relationship with Bill and Hillary Clinton that enabled him to watch Super Bowl XXXIII at Camp David with them.<ref name=TJJJ>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
In March 2005, Jackson revealed that he had lost Template:Convert due to bariatric surgery. In Ebony, Joe Madison revealed that when he and Jackson were on a panel at the Congressional Black Caucus Foundation conference he asked Jackson why he looked so different. He stated that Jackson described having undergone a duodenal switch medical procedure that his sister, Santita, had used to lose Template:Convert over several years.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Jackson is a member of the Omega Psi Phi fraternity. In 2006, when Jackson became a member of Omega Psi Phi fraternity, Nu Pi chapter, the Illinois House of Representatives issued a congratulatory resolution to his father.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Jesse Sr. is also a member of the Omega fraternity.<ref name=TEaEC/> Jackson Jr. delivered the keynote address to the fraternity at the November 18, 2006 Founder's Day gathering.<ref name=TEaEC>Template:Cite web</ref> He is also affiliated with the Theta Epsilon chapter.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Jackson is a martial arts enthusiast who practices kung fu, tae kwon do, and karate.<ref name=JJLTwa>Template:Cite web</ref> On August 1, 2007, Jackson got into a verbal disagreement with Rep. Lee Terry, a Republican from Nebraska on the House floor. Jackson stated in floor debate that "Republicans can't be trusted" and Terry responded with "shut up" before approaching Jackson. Jackson then spoke profanities and challenged Terry to step outside, presumably for a physical fight. Steve Rothman helped avoid escalation to actual physical confrontation.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Martial artists throughout the Omaha, Nebraska area (Terry's district) called to inquire about Jackson's mindset and intentions.<ref name=JJLTwa/> Jackson says Terry was the instigator.<ref name=JJLTwa/> Terry says Jackson was at fault, but the two shook hands the next day and agreed to move forward in the interest of their constituents.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> However, a week later an unidentified man who claimed to be a Jackson relative walked into Terry's Omaha office saying he was Jackson's hitman who had come to beat up Terry, which led to FBI involvement.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
He used a battery-powered, GPS-equipped Segway in Washington. Jackson, who missed two votes in his first thirteen years in Congress, quipped that the Segway helped him to maintain his good voting record.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
On July 12, 2012, Jackson's office acknowledged that he had been absent from Congress since June 10, stating that he was receiving "intensive medical treatment at a residential treatment facility for a mood disorder."<ref>Monica Davey, For a Soaring Political Career, Uncertain Turns, The New York Times, July 11, 2012.</ref> After weeks of the public's not knowing where the Congressman was, his office announced on July 27, 2012, that he was at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, undergoing an extensive inpatient evaluation for depression and for gastrointestinal issues.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On August 13, 2012, the Mayo Clinic released a statement that Jackson was being treated for bipolar II disorder.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
On July 14, 2016, Jackson filed for divorce from his wife in Cook County, Illinois.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> They reached a settlement in April 2018.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Electoral history
Published works
- Jackson, Jesse L. Jr., with Frank E. Watkins, A More Perfect Union: Advancing New American Rights, Welcome Rain Publishers: New York, 2001, Template:ISBN.
See also
- List of African-American United States representatives
- List of American federal politicians convicted of crimes
- List of federal political scandals in the United States
References
External links
- U.S. Congressman Jesse L. Jackson Jr. official U.S. House website
- Jesse Jackson Jr. Congressman official campaign website
- Template:CongLinks
- Template:C-SPAN
- Biography at Answers.com
- Articles
- Interview: Congressman Jesse L. Jackson Jr., Buzzflash, December 30, 2002
- Jackson Jr., Jesse The Right to Vote, The Nation, January 19, 2006
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