Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
Template:Short description Template:Pp-extended Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use Indian English Template:Infobox Indian Political Party Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (Template:Abbr; Template:Lit) is a political party in the Indian state of Jharkhand, founded by Binod Bihari Mahato, Shibu Soren, and A. K. Roy.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Hemant Soren is the president of the JMM. JMM is also an influential political party in the state of Odisha and parts of neighbouring states. Its election symbol in Jharkhand is the Bow and Arrow.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
The party was officially created on the birthday of Birsa Munda, the 19th-century tribal warrior of Jharkhand, who fought against the British rule in present-day Jharkhand.<ref>P. 522 Lok Sabha debates by India. Parliament. House of the People, India. Parliament. Lok Sabha</ref> The State of Jharkhand also came into existence on Birsa Munda's birthday in 2000.<ref>P. 200 Basic Facts of General Knowledge By Sura College of Competition, V.V.K.Subburaj</ref>
Formation
For almost six decades the movement to separate Jharkhand from Bihar had been attempting to gain a foothold. The Jharkhand Party gained political strength but commissions examining the demands for a separate Jharkhand State consistently rejected its demands. Before 1962, the Jharkhand Party held between 23 and 32 seats in the Bihar Legislative Assembly. In 1962, it won 20 seats. Jaipal Singh Munda merged the Jharkhand Party with the Indian National Congress in 1963 and became a minister in Vinodanand Jha's government in Bihar. But other members did not join the Congress.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
In the 1967 general election, the party had a very poor showing with only eight Assembly seats. The party soon split into several splinter parties each claiming to be the real Jharkhand Party.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> These included the Jharkhand Party led by N. E. Horo, the Jharkhand Party led by Naren, and the All India Jharkhand Party led by Bagun Sumroi. There was also the Hul Jharkhand Party led by Justin Richard, which further fragmented and became the Bihar Progressive Hul Jharkhand Party led by Shibu Soren.
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha was founded by Soren, Binod Bihari Mahato and Marxist Co-ordination Committee leader A. K. Roy.Template:When The party was officially created on the birthday of Birsa Munda, a 19th-century tribal warrior from Jharkhand, who fought against British rule in the region.<ref>P. 522 Lok Sabha debates by India. Parliament. House of the People, India. Parliament. Lok Sabha</ref>
On 4 February 1973, Mahato became president of the party and Soren became its general secretary. Prominent party leaders at that time included Roy, Nirmal Mahto and Tek Lal Mahto, among others.
Early years
In its early years, the JMM under Soren's leadership brought industrial and mining workers who were mainly non-tribals belonging to the Dalit and backward communities such as Surdis, Doms, Dusadh, Kurmi, Koiri, Gowala, and Teli into its fold. However Soren's association with the late politician Gyanranjan brought him close to the Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. He won the Dumka Lok Sabha seat in 1972. Irked by Soren's association with the Indian National Congress, a few younger members of the JMM banded together in Jamshedpur and set up the All Jharkhand Students Union (AJSU). This did not affect the growth of the JMM in the 1991 Indian general election, where the party won six seats.
Ram Dayal Munda reignited the movement for Jharkhand by unifying splinter groups among the tribals. Under his guidance the Jharkhand Coordination Committee was constituted in June 1987, comprising 48 organisations and group including the JMM factions. Due to Munda, Shibu Soren, Suraj Mandal, Simon Marandi, Shailendra Mahato, and AJSU leaders like Surya Singh Besra and Prabhakar Tirkey briefly shared a political platform, but the JMM pulled out of JCC as it felt that "the collective leadership was a farce". In 1988 and 1989, the JMM, AJSU and JPP successfully orchestrated so-called bandhs, economic blockades.
Political wings
Jharkhand Yuva Morcha
Jharkhand Yuva Morcha (Jharkhand Youth Front) and Jharkhand Chhatra Morcha (Jharkhand Student Front), the youth and student wings of Jharkhand Mukti Morcha, were constituted at a conference in Ranchi 16 October 1991.Template:Cn
Electoral history
General election results
| Style="background-color:Template:Party color;color:white" |Election Year | Style="background-color:Template:Party color;color:white" | Lok Sabha | Style="background-color:Template:Party color;color:white" | Seats contested | Style="background-color:Template:Party color;color:white" | Seats won | Style="background-color:Template:Party color;color:white" | +/- seats | Style="background-color:Template:Party color;color:white" | Overall Votes | Style="background-color:Template:Party color;color:white" | Percentage of votes | Style="background-color:Template:Party color;color:white" | State (seats) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1984 | 8th Lok Sabha | 10 | 0 | Template:Steady | 332,403 | 0.14 | Bihar |
| 1984 | 8th Lok Sabha | 10 | 0 | Template:Steady | 332,403 | 0.14 | |
| 1984 | 8th Lok Sabha | 10 | 0 | Template:Steady | 332,403 | 0.14 | |
| 1989 | 9th Lok Sabha | 12 | 3 | Template:Increase3 | 1,032,276 | 0.34 | |
| 1991 | 10th Lok Sabha | 14 | 6 | Template:Increase3 | 1,481,900 | 0.54 | |
| 1996 | 11th Lok Sabha | 29 | 1 | Template:Decrease5 | 1,287,072 | 0.38 | |
| 1998 | 12th Lok Sabha | 16 | 0 | Template:Decrease1 | 1,324,548 | 0.36 | |
| 1999 | 13th Lok Sabha | 23 | 0 | Template:Steady | 974,609 | 0.27 | |
| 2004 | 14th Lok Sabha | 9 | 5 | Template:Increase5 | 1,846,843 | 0.47 | Jharkhand |
| 2009 | 15th Lok Sabha | 42 | 2 | Template:Decrease3 | 1,665,173 | 0.40 | |
| 2014 | 16th Lok Sabha | 21 | 2 | Template:Steady | 1,637,994 | 0.30 | |
| 2019 | 17th Lok Sabha | 13 | 1 | Template:Decrease1 | 1,901,976 | 0.31 | |
| 2024 | 18th Lok Sabha | 6 | 3 | Template:Increase2 | 2,652,955 | 0.41 |
Legislative Assembly election results
| Style="background-color:Template:Party color;color:white" |Election Year | Style="background-color:Template:Party color;color:white" | Seats contested | Style="background-color:Template:Party color;color:white" | Seats won | Style="background-color:Template:Party color;color:white" | +/- seats | Style="background-color:Template:Party color;color:white" | Overall Votes | Style="background-color:Template:Party color;color:white" | Percentage of votes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 | 31 | 11 | Template:Increase 11 | 380,891 | 1.69 |
| 1985 | 57 | 9 | Template:Decrease 2 | 443,822 | 1.82 |
| 1990 | 82 | 19 | Template:Increase 10 | 1,008,174 | 3.14 |
| 1995 | 63 | 10 | Template:Decrease 9 | 803,132 | 2.32 |
| 2000 | 85 | 12 | Template:Increase 2 | 1,306,152 | 3.53 |
| 2005 | 49 | 17 | Template:Increase 5 | 1,447,774 | 14.29 |
| 2009 | 78 | 18 | Template:Increase 1 | 1,562,060 | 15.20 |
| 2014 | 79 | 19 | Template:Increase 1 | 2,832,921 | 20.43 |
| 2019 | 43 | 30 | Template:Increase 11 | 2,817,442 | 18.72 |
| 2024 | 43 | 34 | Template:Increase 4 | 4,183,281 | 23.44 |
List of presidents
| No. | Portrait | Presidents | Term in Office | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | 
|
Shibu Soren | Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Age in years and days |
| 2 | 
|
Hemant Soren | Template:Dts | Incumbent | Template:Age in years and days |
List of chief ministers
| No. | Portrait | Chief Minister | Term in Office | Assembly Template:Small |
Constituency | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start | End | Tenure | |||||
| 1 |
|
Shibu Soren (born 1944) |
Template:Dts | Template:Dts | 308 days | 2nd Assembly Template:Small |
did not contest |
| Template:Dts | Template:Dts | ||||||
| Template:Dts | Template:Dts | 3rd Assembly Template:Small | |||||
| 3 | 
|
Champai Soren (born 1956) |
Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Ayd | 5th Assembly Template:Small |
Seraikella |
| 2 |
|
Hemant Soren (born 1975) |
Template:Dts | Template:Dts | 6 years | 3rd Assembly Template:Small |
Dumka |
| Template:Dts | Template:Dts | 5th Assembly Template:Small |
Barhait | ||||
| Template:Dts | 28 November 2024 | ||||||
| 28 November 2024 | Incumbent | 6th Assembly Template:Small | |||||
List of union ministers
| No. | Portrait | Minister | Portfolio | Term in Office | Constituency (House) |
Prime Minister | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assumed Office | Left Office | Time in Office | ||||||
| 1 |
|
Shibu Soren (born 1944) |
Minister of Coal | 23 May 2004 |
24 July 2004 |
Template:Ayd | Dumka (Lok Sabha) |
Manmohan Singh |
| 27 November 2004 |
2 March 2005 |
Template:Ayd | ||||||
| 29 January 2006 |
29 November 2006 |
Template:Ayd | ||||||
| Minister of Mines and Minerals | 23 May 2004 |
24 July 2004 |
Template:Ayd | |||||
List of deputy chief ministers
| No. | Portrait | Deputy CM Template:Small |
Term in Office | Assembly Template:Small |
Chief Minister | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start | End | Tenure | ||||||
| 1 | Sudhir Mahato (Ichagarh) |
Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Age in years and days | 2nd Assembly Template:Small |
Madhu Koda | style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | |
| 2 | 
|
Hemant Soren Template:Small |
Template:Dts | Template:Dts | Template:Age in years and days | 3rd Assembly Template:Small |
Arjun Munda | style="background-color: Template:Party color" | |
List of leaders of opposition
List of MPs
Members of Parliament, Lok Sabha
| S.No | MPs | Constituency | Term |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Simon Marandi | Rajmahal | 1989–1991 |
| 1991–1996 | |||
| 2. | Shibu Soren | Dumka | 1989–1991 |
| 1991–1996 | |||
| 1996–1998 | |||
| 2004–2009 | |||
| 2009–2014 | |||
| 2014–2019 | |||
| 3. | Shailendra Mahato | Jamshedpur | 1989–1991 |
| 4. | Suraj Mandal | Godda | 1991–1996 |
| 5. | Binod Bihari Mahato | Giridih | 1991–1996 |
| 6. | Krishna Marandi | Singhbhum | 1991–1996 |
| 7. | Hemlal Murmu | Rajmahal | 2004–2009 |
| 8. | Tek Lal Mahto | Giridih | 2004–2009 |
| 9. | Sunil Kumar Mahato | Jamshedpur | 2004–2007 |
| 10. | Suman Mahato | Jamshedpur | 2007–2009 |
| 11. | Kameshwar Baitha | Palamu | 2009–2014 |
| 12. | Vijay Kumar Hansdak | Rajmahal | 2014–2019 |
| 2019–2024 | |||
| 2024–Incumbent | |||
| 13. | Nalin Soren | Dumka | 2024–Incumbent |
| 14. | Joba Majhi | Singhbhum | 2024–Incumbent |
Members of Parliament, Rajya Sabha
| S.No | Members of Parliament | Term | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Term Start | Term End | ||
| 1. | Shibu Soren | 08 July 1998 | 18 July 2001 |
| 10 April 2002 | 02 June 2002 | ||
| 22 June 2020 | 4 August 2025 | ||
| 2. | Stephen Marandi | 08 July 2004 | 16 March 2005 |
| 3. | Hemant Soren | 24 June 2009 | 04 January 2010 |
| 4. | K. D. Singh | 08 July 2010 | 12 February 2014 |
| 5. | Sanjiv Kumar | 04 May 2012 | 03 May 2018 |
| 6. | Mahua Maji | 08 July 2022 | 07 July 2028 |
| 7. | Sarfaraz Ahmad | 04 May 2024 | 03 May 2030 |