Jim Thompson (designer)

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James Harrison Wilson Thompson (March 21, 1906 – disappeared March 26, 1967; declared dead 1974) was an American businessman who helped revitalize the Thai silk industry in the 1950s and 1960s. At the time of his disappearance he was one of the most famous Americans living in Asia. Time magazine claimed he "almost singlehanded(ly) saved Thailand's vital silk industry from extinction".<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

Early life

Jim Thompson was born in Greenville, Delaware in 1906.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He was the youngest of five children of Henry and Mary Wilson Thompson. His father was a wealthy textile manufacturer; his mother was the daughter of James Harrison Wilson (1837–1925), a noted Union general during the American Civil War.<ref name="BriefHistory">Template:Cite web</ref>

Thompson spent his early years of education at St. Paul's School in Concord, New Hampshire. He graduated from Princeton University in 1928,<ref name="Alioto2016">Template:Cite magazine</ref> and represented the United States in the 6-Metre Sailing event at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Post-graduate studies followed at the University of Pennsylvania's School of Architecture, but he did not complete his degree at this institution due to his weakness in calculus.<ref name="Alioto2016"/><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

From 1931 to 1940, he practiced in New York City with Holden, McLaughlin & Associates,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> designing homes for the East Coast rich. During this period, he led an active social life and sat on the board of the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo.<ref name="BriefHistory"/><ref name="Jenkins"/>

In 1941, he quit his job and enlisted with the Delaware National Guard.<ref name="Alioto2016"/> Before the outbreak of the Second World War, he was transferred to a military outpost in Fort Monroe, Virginia.<ref name="Warren1998 p39">Template:Cite book</ref> While he was there, he got to know Second Lieutenant Edwin Fahey Black, a fresh graduate from the US Military Academy, West Point.<ref name="Warren1998 p39"/> It was Black who encouraged him to join the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), the forerunner of the Central Intelligence Agency.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

World War II activities

U.S. major general William J. Donovan

At the height of the Second World War, Thompson was recruited by Major General William Joseph Donovan (1883–1959) to serve as an operative in the OSS.

His first assignment was with the French Resistance in North Africa. He was then sent to Europe. After Victory in Europe Day (May 7–8, 1945), he was transferred to Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) to work with the pro-Allied Free Thai Movement (Seri Thai). Their mission was to help liberate Thailand from the occupying Japanese Army. The group had the support of Pridi Panomyong, the regent to King Ananda Mahidol of Thailand, and Seni Pramoj, the Thai ambassador to the United States.

In August 1945, Thompson was about to be sent into Thailand, when the surrender of Japan officially ended World War II. He arrived in Thailand shortly after Victory over Japan Day and organized the Bangkok OSS office. While there he got to know Constance (Connie) Mangskau, an Allied Services translator, who later became one of his closest friends.<ref name="Jenkins">Template:Cite news</ref>

In the spring of 1946, Thompson went to work as a military attaché at the United States legation for his former Princeton classmate Charles Woodruff Yost, the US Minister to Thailand. It was the start of Thompson's eleven year affair with Yost's wife, Irena. In 1950, she had a child, but neither Thompson nor Yost could establish paternity prior to DNA testing.

Thompson used his contacts with the Free Thai and Free Laos (Lao Issara) groups to gather information and defuse conflicts on Thailand's borders. Working with him in the legation was Kenneth Landon, an American missionary whose wife, Margaret Landon, was the author of Anna and the King of Siam, which was the inspiration for the 1946 film of the same name, and the 1956 film The King and I.<ref>The American largely responsible for bringing about this relationship was Dr. Kenneth Landon, a former Presbyterian minister who had spent ten years in Thailand as a missionary. Template:Webarchive</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Return to private industry

Thompson's private collection of silk garments which were used for the stage musical The King and I.

In late 1946, Thompson headed for home to seek his discharge from the army. After his divorce from Patricia Thraves (1920–1969), he returned to Thailand to join a group of investors to buy the Oriental Hotel in Bangkok. While working on its restoration, he had some differences with his associates and this resulted in him giving up his shares in the company. He subsequently switched his focus to silk trade.

In 1948, he partnered with George Barrie to found the Thai Silk Company Limited.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> It was capitalized at $25,000. They each owned 18% of the shares, and the remaining 64% were sold to Thai and foreign investors.

The firm achieved a coup in 1951 when designer Irene Sharaff made use of Thai silk fabrics for the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical, The King and I.<ref name="McMurray">Template:Cite journal</ref> From then on, the company prospered.

Besides inventing the bright jewel tones and dramatic color combinations today associated with Thai silk, Thompson raised thousands of Thailand's poorest people out of poverty. His determination to keep his company cottage-based was significant for the women who made up the bulk of his work force. By allowing them to work at home, they retained their position in the household while becoming breadwinners.<ref name="McMurray"/> It was only after Thompson's disappearance that the Thai Silk Company relocated its weaving operations to Korat, a city which serves as a base of operations for the Royal Thai Army. Although it abandoned home-based weaving in favor of factories in the early 1970s, the Thai Silk Company's facility in Amphoe Pak Thong Chai, Korat, presents itself more as a beautifully landscaped campus than a typical factory.

Thompson's "House on the Klong"

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Jim Thompson House: Main building (c. 2013).
Jim Thompson House: Service building and gift shop.
Jim Thompson House: Pond reflection of retail store.

Thompson was unlike any other figure in Southeast Asia. He was an American, an ex-architect, a retired army officer, a one-time spy, a silk merchant and a collector of antiques. Most of Thompson's treasures, if not all, were amassed after he came to Thailand.<ref name="Wallace">Template:Cite news</ref>

In 1958, Thompson began what was to be the pinnacle of his architectural achievement – the construction of a new home to showcase his objets d'art.

Using parts of old up-country houses – some as old as a hundred years – Thompson succeeded in constructing a masterpiece that involved the reassembling of six Thai dwellings on his estate. Most of the units were dismantled and brought over by river from Ayutthaya, but the largest – a weaver's house (now the living room) – came from Bangkrua. On arrival, the woodwork was offloaded and pieced together.<ref name="Wallace"/><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Rangan">Template:Cite news</ref>

In his quest for authenticity, Thompson saw to it that some of the structures were elevated a full floor above the ground. During the construction stage, he added his own touches to the buildings by positioning, for instance, a central staircase indoors rather than having it outside. Along the way, Thompson also reversed the wall panels of his quarters so that it now faced inside instead of it having an external orientation.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Wallace"/>

After Thompson was through with its creation, he filled his home with the items he had collected in the past. Decorating his rooms were Chinese blue-and-white Ming pieces, Belgian glass, Cambodian carvings, Victorian-era chandeliers, Benjarong earthenware, Thai stone images, Burmese statues, and a dining table which was once used by King Rama V of Thailand.

Thompson dedicated nearly a year to the meticulous creation of his opulent mansion. Today, transformed into a museum, the Jim Thompson House is conveniently accessible via public or private transportation. Known for its architecture and historical significance, the site is popular for tourists, featuring in the top 5 must-visit places in Bangkok according to TripAdvisor's 2022 rankings.Template:Citation needed

Disappearance

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Thompson disappeared from Malaysia's Cameron Highlands after going for a walk on March 26, 1967. His disappearance from the hill station generated one of the largest land searches in Southeast Asian history and remains one of the most famous mysteries in the region.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Dead link</ref> Over the years, many theories have been advanced to explain his disappearance, but no definitive answer has ever emerged. Thompson was declared dead in absentia by a Thai court in 1974.Template:Citation needed

See also

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