Jinmeiyō kanji

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Template:Short description

Template:Japanese writing The Template:Nihongo are a set of 863 Chinese characters known as "name kanji" in English. They are a supplementary list of characters that can legally be used in registered personal names in Japan, despite not being in the official list of "commonly used characters" ([[jōyō kanji|Template:Transliteration kanji]]). "Template:Transliteration kanji" is sometimes used to refer to the characters in both the Template:Transliteration and Template:Transliteration lists because some Japanese names do not require the specified Template:Transliteration kanji and are written entirely in Template:Transliteration kanji. Hence, Template:Transliteration kanji can also be viewed as a subset of Template:Transliteration kanji.Template:Citation needed

A ministerial decree of 1946 limited the number of officially sanctioned kanji for public use to the 1,850 [[tōyō kanji|Template:Transliteration kanji]]. Only kanji on this list were acceptable as registered names, despite the fact that the list excluded many kanji frequently used in names up to that point. However, on May 25, 1951, the cabinet extended the set of characters usable in names by specifying the first 90 Template:Transliteration kanji.

Over the years, the Minister of Justice has increased the number of name kanji, and has a plan for further addition in response to requests from parents. As of April 30, 2009, there were 985 Template:Transliteration kanji, but this number was reduced to 861 in late 2010 when 129 Template:Transliteration characters were transferred to the Template:Transliteration kanji list, and 5 characters were transferred from the Template:Transliteration kanji list to Template:Transliteration characters. In 2015 and 2017, 2 kanji in total were added to the Template:Transliteration list, making the total number 863.

In Japan, name kanji are taught at the junior-high level.Template:Citation needed

History

Below is a list of changes made to the Template:Transliteration kanji list since its creation in 1951.

May 25, 1951

The first 92 characters of Template:Transliteration kanji were published:

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This would include seven kanji which would become part of the original [[jōyō kanji|Template:Transliteration kanji]] in 1981:

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...with the last one {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (dragon) also being simplified to {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (dragon).

This would also include fifteen kanji which would be transferred to the Template:Transliteration kanji in 2010:

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July 30, 1976

28 kanji were added, for a total of 120 characters.

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One would become part of the original Template:Transliteration kanji in 1981: {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}.

October 1, 1981

The Template:Transliteration kanji list was introduced, which included seven of the original 92 Template:Transliteration kanji from 1951 (mentioned above), plus one of the 28 new Template:Transliteration kanji from 1976 (also mentioned above); those eight were thus removed from the Template:Transliteration kanji list. 54 other characters were added for a total of 166 name characters.

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March 1, 1990

118 kanji were added for a total of 284 characters.

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December 3, 1997

1 kanji was added, for a total of 285 characters.

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February 23, 2004

1 kanji was added, for a total of 286 characters.

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June 7, 2004

1 kanji was added, for a total of 287 characters.

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June 11, 2004

No addition to the Template:Transliteration kanji was made on this date. However, a plan for 578 additions was put forward to the council on Template:Transliteration kanji of the legislative council of the Ministry of Justice. The list included certain characters in strong demand by parents for use in their children's names, such as:

Many others were included not for their potential uses in names (as is noted), but rather because of their frequent use and being easy to read and write. Examples include:

At this same council, the decision was made to call for suggestions on characters to be included or excluded via the Ministry of Justice website, until July 9, 2004.

July 12, 2004

3 kanji were added, for a total of 290 characters.

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July 23, 2004

No additions were made. After sharp protests, the council decided to withdraw nine characters from the 489 whose inclusion had been discussed. These nine characters were:

The 480 other characters still remained under consideration for inclusion, with one additional character added to them, namely {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (Template:Transliteration, "to draw up water with one's hands").

September 27, 2004

484 charactersTemplate:Which and variant forms of 209 Template:Transliteration kanji were added, bringing the total number of the Template:Transliteration kanji to 983.

April 30, 2009

2 more characters were added for a total number of 985 characters.

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November 30, 2010

In late 2010, the Japanese government added 196 characters to the Template:Transliteration kanji list. The list now includes 129 characters previously classified as Template:Transliteration kanji, 11 of which are currently used in Japanese prefectures or nearby countries:<ref name=asahi>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=jtimes2>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

At the same time, 5 characters deleted from the Template:Transliteration kanji list were added to the Template:Transliteration kanji list, making the total number of Template:Transliteration kanji 861:

January 7, 2015

1 kanji was added, for a total of 862 characters.

  • {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (Template:Transliteration ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}), spiritual medium, oracle, shaman, shrine maiden)

September 25, 2017

1 kanji was added, for a total of 863 characters.<ref name=nikkei>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

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List of Template:Transliteration kanji

The list is split into two parts:

Template:Transliteration kanji not part of the Template:Transliteration kanji

Variants are given in parentheses.

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Below are the 18 characters that are variant forms of characters in the list above. For each variant form, the corresponding standard form ("non-variant" form) is in parentheses.

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Traditional variants of Template:Transliteration kanji

The modern form (Template:Transliteration), which appears in the Template:Transliteration kanji list, is given in brackets.<ref>加除_17_05_30　{{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Webarchive, p. 5.</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

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Actual usage in names

Usage of the Template:Transliteration kanji in Japanese names varies widely. For example, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, is used in over 6,000 names, and the 53 kanji used most commonly in names are all in over 500 names each.<ref name=kanshudo>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

See also

Template:Wiktionary category

References

Template:Reflist

Template:Authority control

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