John Aspinall (engineer)
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Sir John Audley Frederick Aspinall (25 August 1851 – 19 January 1937) was an English mechanical engineer who served as Locomotive Superintendent of the Great Southern and Western Railway (GS&WR) of Ireland and Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (L&YR) of England. He introduced vacuum brakes to his locomotives in Ireland, a trend which was followed in Britain, and designed several locomotives. He was also president of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers and of the Institution of Civil Engineers.
Biography
Aspinall was born on 25 August 1851 in Liverpool to a Roman Catholic judge.<ref name="steam">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="S&S">Template:Cite web</ref> He attended the Roman Catholic boarding school of Beaumont College, Berkshire before being apprenticed to engineers John Ramsbottom and Francis Webb of the London and North Western Railway in 1868.<ref name="steam"/><ref name="S&S"/> He was sent by Webb to the United States of America in 1872 where he was greatly impressed by the larger loading gauge in use there.<ref name="steam"/>
In 1875, he moved to the Great Southern and Western Railway of Ireland and became their works manager at Inchicore, Dublin.<ref name="S&S"/> Aspinall was promoted to Locomotive Superintendent in 1883<ref name="MurrayMcNeill">Template:Cite book</ref> and introduced a form of vacuum braking to his locomotives which was soon adopted by several other lines, including the London and North Western and Great Northern Railways.<ref name="steam"/> He was succeeded at Inchicore by Henry Ivatt and was to keep links with both Inchicore and Ivatt.<ref name="steam"/><ref name="Bulleid1967">Template:Cite book</ref>
He became the Chief Mechanical Engineer of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway in 1886. Continuing the work of his predecessor, William Barton Wright, he modernised the locomotive stock and continued Barton Wright's philosophy of standardisation, bringing in several of his own design.<ref name="steam"/><ref name="Bulleid1967"/> He was promoted to L&YR general manager in 1899,<ref name="S&S"/> a position he was to hold until 1919.<ref name="Bulleid1967"/> In this capacity he introduced electrification and greatly expanded the transport of coal.<ref name="steam"/>
Aspinall served as president of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers between 1909 and 1910 and was interned in Germany at the outbreak of the First World War in 1914.<ref name="steam"/> Aspinall received a knighthood on 13 June 1917 for his contributions to the war effort and national transport system.<ref name="S&S"/><ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> He served as president of the Institution of Civil Engineers between November 1918 and November 1919.<ref name="civils"> Template:Cite book</ref> Aspinall also conducted the inquiry into the Sevenoaks railway accident.<ref name="Wragg">Template:Cite book</ref> He was the first recipient of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers' James Watt International Medal, receiving it in 1937.<ref name="imeche">Template:Cite web</ref>
He died on 19 January 1937.<ref name="steam"/> His son, John, was a barrister and first-class cricketer.<ref name="BOOK">Template:Cite book</ref>
He wrote seven academic papers and was the holder of fourteen patents.<ref name="steam"/>
Locomotive designs
- GS&WR Classes 52 and 60, classes of 4-4-0 passenger locomotive serving the period 1883 to 1960.
- L&YR Class 2 and Class 3, two designs of 4-4-0 steam locomotive.
- L&YR Class 5, a class of 270 steam tank locomotives with a 2-4-2T wheel arrangement.
- L&YR Class 7, a class of 40 steam passenger locomotives built between 1899 and 1902 with a 4-4-2 wheel arrangement.
- L&YR Class 21, class of small 0-4-0ST steam locomotives for shunting duties.
- L&YR Class 23, a class of 0-6-0ST steam locomotive used for shunting and for short-trip freight working, originally by William Barton Wright, rebuilt by Aspinall.
- L&YR Class 27, a class of 0-6-0 steam locomotive designed for freight work.
- L&YR Class 30, a class of 0-8-0 steam locomotives, designed by Aspinall, built under Hoy.
See also
References
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