John D. Works

John Downey Works (March 29, 1847Template:Spaced ndashJune 6, 1928) was an American politician and lawyer. He was a U.S. Senator representing California from 1911 to 1917, and an associate justice of the California Supreme Court from October 2, 1888, to January 5, 1891.

Biography

File:John D. Works, 1909.jpg

Works in 1909

Works was born in Ohio County, Indiana, and attended public schools there.<ref name="edwards">Template:Cite book</ref> During the American Civil War, he served as a member of the 10th Regiment of the Indiana Cavalry. Once discharged, he returned home, read law and in 1868 was admitted to the Indiana bar.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In November 1878, he was elected as a representative in the Indiana General Assembly, serving during the 1879 term.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In June 1883, he published a book of practice, pleading and forms to match the revised code of Indiana.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 1883, Works's poor health forced a move to San Diego, California, where he became active in the Republican Party, and rose in California politics. In September 1886, he ran on the Republican ticket, and prior to the election was appointed by Governor Robert Waterman as a judge of the San Diego County Superior Court.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In September 1887, he resigned to return to private practice, and Governor Waterman appointed Edwin Parker to fill the vacant seat.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 1888, Governor Waterman appointed Works as an associate justice of the California Supreme Court to fill a vacancy after the resignation of Elisha W. McKinstry.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In August 1888, the Republican Party nominated Works and he was elected to the remaining portion of McKinstry's term ending January 5, 1891.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 1891, after stepping down from the bench, Works became president of the San Diego Sun company, and then returned to private practice with his son in the firm of Works & Works in San Diego.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In January 1896, Works moved to Los Angeles, California.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 1903, Works served as President of the Los Angeles County Bar Association.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> On December 7, 1909, he was elected as a member of the Los Angeles City Council, and chosen as its president, but he resigned shortly after on March 22, 1910.

In 1911, Works was elected to the U.S. Senate, where he served on the committee on Expenditures in the War Department (Sixty-second United States Congress) and the Committee on Fisheries.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In February 1917, he and other Progressive Senators, under the moniker "twelve willful men," blocked by filibuster legislation empowering President Woodrow Wilson to arm merchant vessels prior to the United States entering World War I.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite book Diary entry for March 1, 1917</ref>

Works did not seek renomination to his Senate seat in 1916. The Seventeenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, providing for U.S. senators to be elected by the people instead of state legislatures, had been adopted in 1913 but allowed senators serving at the time to finish their terms. Works was the last U.S. senator from California to be elected by the Legislature.

After retiring from the Senate he wrote two books: Duty to Man: A Study of Social Conditions and How They May Be Improved (1919) and What's Wrong With the World? (1922).

On June 6, 1928, he died in Los Angeles and his ashes were placed in Inglewood Park Cemetery.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Personal life

On November 7, 1868, he married Alice Banta, in Vevay, Indiana, and they had two sons, Thomas L. and Louis R., who became an attorney and practiced with his father, and later the presiding justice of the Court of Appeal, Second Division;<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> as well as five daughters: Josephine (who died as an infant), Ida, Laura, Ethel and Isabel.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He is said to have been a member of the Church of Christ, Scientist.<ref>The Political Graveyard: Christian Scientist Politicians at politicalgraveyard.com</ref>

Selected publications

• Works, John D. (1919). Man's Duty to Man: A Study of Social Conditions and How They May Be Improved. New York: Neale Publishing Co.
• Online books by John D. Works. Library of the University of Pennsylvania.

External links

• Guide to the John D. Works Papers at The Bancroft Library
• John D. Works. California Supreme Court Historical Society.
• John D. Works v. Superior Court, 130 Cal. 304, 62 P. 507 (Cal. 1900).
• Past & Present Justices. California State Courts. Retrieved July 19, 2017.