John Duncan Sr.

John James Duncan Sr. (March 24, 1919 – June 21, 1988) was an American attorney and Republican politician who represented Tennessee's 2nd congressional district in the U. S. House of Representatives from 1965 until his death in 1988.<ref name=tehc>Michael Rogers, John J. Duncan Sr., Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture, 2009. Retrieved: 21 March 2011.</ref> He also served as Mayor of Knoxville, Tennessee, from 1959 to 1964, and as assistant attorney general of Knox County, from 1948 until 1956. He is the father of Congressman John J. "Jimmy" Duncan Jr., who succeeded him in Congress,<ref name=tehc /> and current Tennessee State Senator Becky Duncan Massey.

Early life

Duncan was born in Huntsville, Tennessee, the sixth of ten children of Cassie (Lee) and Flem Baird Duncan.<ref name=tehc /><ref>Louise Carson, The Thomas Family of Scott County, Tennessee, TNGenWeb.org, 6 September 2008. Retrieved: 21 March 2011.</ref> After completing grade school in the Huntsville area and Hunstville High School, he won a $25 scholarship from Sears-Roebuck.<ref name=brewer>Becky French Brewer and Douglas Stuart McDaniel, Park City (Arcadia Publishing, 2005), pages 119-120.</ref><ref>Walker, Bert. "Huntsville High: A Proud Tradition", First National Bank Chronicle, Oneida, Tennessee, volume 2, number 44, Summer 1991, webpage created September 6, 2008. Retrieved July 9, 2022.</ref> He enrolled in the University of Tennessee in 1939, and graduated with a Bachelor of Science two years later.<ref name=bluebook>Congressman John Duncan, in Tennessee Blue Book 1975-1978, page 48</ref>

Following the outbreak of World War II he joined the United States Army, serving from May 1942 to December 1945.<ref name=bluebook /> While in the army, he served as a special agent in the Security and Intelligence Division with the same paygrade as a master sergeant.<ref>"New State Legion Commander, Active in Civic Work, Disavows Political Interest", The Knoxville News-Sentinel, Knoxville, Tennessee, Sunday Magazine and Feature Section, July 26, 1953, page C-5. Template:Subscription required</ref>Template:Which After the war, Duncan enrolled in Cumberland University's law school, from which he graduated in June 1947.<ref name=tehc /> He became the state commander of the American Legion in 1954.

Political career

Knox County prosecutor

Following his graduation, Duncan returned to Knoxville, where he had accepted a position as assistant attorney general of Knox County.<ref name=brewer /><ref name=klein>Milton Klein, "Academic Freedom at UT," Journal of East Tennessee History, Volume 69 (1997), page 67.</ref> In late 1952, Duncan became embroiled in a local controversy when, as commander of the American Legion's East Tennessee Division, he drafted a resolution condemning University of Tennessee's film society for a planned showing of several films starring Charlie Chaplin, who had been accused of being a communist sympathizer.<ref name=klein /> Reacting to the resolution, University of Tennessee president Cloide Brehm cancelled the event. The school's newspaper, the Orange and White, nevertheless blasted Duncan's accusations as "nonsense."<ref name=klein />

Mayor of Knoxville

In 1959, Duncan was elected mayor of Knoxville in an election held to replace Mayor Jack Dance, who had died while in office. One of his first initiatives was to complete the overhaul of Market Square, which involved the demolition of the old Market House and its replacement by the Market Square Mall.<ref name=neely>Jack Neely, Market Square: A History of the Most Democratic Place on Earth (Knoxville, Tennessee: Market Square District Association, 2009), pages 152-154.</ref> In spite of opposition from historical interests, who wanted to preserve the Market House, Duncan pushed forward with the transition, and by mid-1960 the Market House had been removed.<ref name=neely /><ref>Amy McRary, Knox Heritage Celebrates Five Preservation Victories and Mourns Five Losses, Knoxville News Sentinel, 24 May 2009. Retrieved: 21 March 2011.</ref>

Another contentious issue erupted in the Summer of 1960, when several black students from Knoxville College initiated a series of sit-ins to protest segregation at downtown-area lunch counters.<ref name=macarthur>William MacArthur, Knoxville, Crossroads of the New South (Tulsa, Oklahoma: Continental Heritage Press, 1982), page 151.</ref> With the backing of the Chamber of Commerce, Duncan formed a Good Will Committee, which encouraged downtown businesses to integrate their lunch counters. By July 1960, most downtown businesses had done away with their policies of segregation.<ref name=macarthur /> Duncan's early intervention in the crisis is often cited as one of the reasons Knoxville avoided the widespread integration-related violence that plagued other Southern cities during this period.<ref>Michael Collins, "In 1960s, Knoxville Mayor John Duncan Sought to Defuse Racial Tensions," Knoxville News Sentinel, 17 June 2013. Retrieved: 17 June 2013.</ref>

Like his predecessors, Duncan struggled to alleviate the city's unemployment problem, which had been brought on by the closure of several textile mills and the shift of the city's major retail centers to West Knoxville.<ref name=wheeler>Bruce Wheeler, Knoxville, Tennessee: A Mountain City in the New South (Knoxville, Tennessee: University of Tennessee Press, 2005), pages 101, 134.</ref> Numerous companies expressed interest in relocating to Knoxville, but could not do so due to a lack of suitable industrial sites. Duncan proposed a bond issue to fund the preparation of a large industrial site, but met immediate opposition from the city's conservative elements, which rejected government subsidies for business, and the bond proposal was defeated in a referendum.<ref name=wheeler />

Congressional career

In 1964, roughly 10 months into his second term as mayor, Duncan won a hard-fought Republican primary election in the Knoxville-based Second Congressional District. The district's seven-term incumbent, Howard Baker Sr., had died that January, and his wife Irene held the seat for the rest of his term as a caretaker. Duncan was heavily favored due to his popularity as mayor of Knoxville and the heavy Republican tilt of the district. The 2nd had been one of the few areas of Tennessee where most residents supported the Union over the Confederacy. Its residents identified with the GOP soon after the return of peace, and have continued to support the Republicans through good times and bad ever since. As a result, the 2nd's seat has been in the hands of the GOP or its predecessors without interruption since 1857. He defeated Democrat Willard Yarborough by just under 10 percentage points, the closest race in the district since Baker's first run in 1950. The contest was closer than expected in part because the 2nd was nearly swept up in Lyndon Johnson's national landslide in that year's presidential election; Barry Goldwater just barely carried it.

Duncan never faced another close contest, and was reelected 11 times, including two unopposed runs in 1972 and 1982. He often won re-election by some of the largest majorities of any congressman.<ref name=bluebook/> He was a member of the House Ways and Means Committee for much of his congressional career.<ref name=bluebook/> A staunch conservative, he supported U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, and advocated tougher policies against antiwar demonstrators.<ref name=tehc /> Duncan voted against the Voting Rights Act of 1965 but in favor of the Civil Rights Act of 1968.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He was one of the first congressmen to endorse Richard Nixon for president in 1967.<ref>Phillip Langsdon, Tennessee: A Political History (Franklin, Tennessee: Hillsboro Press, 2000), page 400.</ref>

In the late 1970s, Duncan engaged in a protracted legislative struggle with environmentalists over the Tennessee Valley Authority's construction of Tellico Dam, on the Little Tennessee River, in Duncan's district.<ref name=murchison>Kenneth Murchison, The Snail Darter Case: TVA Versus the Endangered Species Act (Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 2007), pages 165, 173.</ref> The dam's completion had been halted over concerns for the endangered snail darter, which lived in the river. After numerous failed attempts to amend the Endangered Species Act to allow the dam's completion, Duncan managed to insert a rider into the Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act in July 1979, on a day when most House members were absent.<ref name=murchison /> The dam's opponents cried foul, but the bill nevertheless passed the Senate and was signed into law, allowing TVA to finally close the dam's gates.<ref name=murchison />

Duncan served in the House until his death from prostate cancer in 1988.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Personal life

File:John J. Duncan Federal Building 2025.jpg

John J. Duncan Federal Building in Knoxville, Tennessee in 2025

Duncan married Lois Swisher of Iowa City, Iowa in 1942. They had four children, including John J. "Jimmy" Duncan Jr., who won his father's former congressional seat in the special election that followed his father's death.<ref name="tehc"/>

See also

• List of members of the United States Congress who died in office (1950–1999)

References

{{#invoke:Template wrapper|wrap|_template=Include-USGov|_alias-map=title:article,accessdate:access-date|title=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov}} Template:Reflist

External links

• Template:Find a Grave
• John J. Duncan Sr. Papers, University of Tennessee Knoxville Libraries
• Template:C-SPAN