John Hackett (British Army officer)
Template:Short description {{#invoke:Other people|otherPeople}} Template:Use British English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox military person General Sir John Winthrop Hackett, Template:Postnominals (5 November 1910 – 9 September 1997) was an Australian-born British soldier, painter, university administrator, author and in later life, a commentator.
Early life
Hackett, nicknamed "Shan", was born in Perth, Western Australia. His Irish Australian father, also named Sir John Winthrop Hackett (1848–1916), originally from County Tipperary,<ref name=war>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> was educated at Trinity College, Dublin (B.A., 1871; M.A., 1874), and he emigrated to Australia in 1875, eventually settling in Western Australia in 1882, where he became a newspaper proprietor and editor and a politician.<ref name=adb-dad>Lyall Hunt (1983) 'Hackett, Sir John Winthrop (1848–1916)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 9, (MUP).</ref> His mother was Deborah Drake-Brockman (1887-1965), whose parents were prominent members of Western Australian society. Her six siblings included Grace Bussell, famous for rescuing shipwreck survivors as a teenager, and Frederick Slade Drake-Brockman, a prominent surveyor and explorer.
On 3 August 1905, aged 57, Hackett Sr married Deborah Drake-Brockman, who was only 18 at the time — she later became Deborah, Lady Hackett; Deborah, Lady Moulden; and Deborah Buller Murphy — having married a director of several mining companies.<ref name=adb-mum>Alexandra Hasluck (1983) 'Hackett, Deborah Vernon (1887–1965)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 9, (MUP)</ref> They had four daughters and a son. Hackett senior died in 1916. Lady Hackett remarried in 1918.<ref name=adb-step-dad>Elizabeth Kwan (1986) 'Moulden, Sir Frank Beaumont (1876–1932)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 10, (MUP)</ref>
Hackett junior received secondary schooling at Geelong Grammar School in Victoria and then travelled to London to study painting at the Central School of Art. He then studied Greats and Modern History at New College, Oxford, earning an M.A. As his degree was not good enough for an academic career, Hackett joined the British Army and was commissioned into the 8th King's Royal Irish Hussars in 1933, having previously joined the Supplementary Reserve of Officers in 1931.<ref>The Desert Rats, 7th Armoured Division, Robin Neillands, Aurum Press, 2005, p18</ref> During his military training, he completed a thesis in history with a focus on the crusades and the Early Middle Ages, particularly Saladin's campaign in the Third Crusade, for which he was awarded a B. Litt. He also qualified as an interpreter in French, German and Italian, studied Arabic and eventually became fluent in ten languages.<ref name=GuardianObit>Barker, Dennis. 'Obituary – General Sir John Hackett' Template:Webarchive The Guardian (Manchester), 10 September 1997, p. 15.</ref><ref name=go2war2/>
Family
{{ safesubst:#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= Template:Ambox }} He married Margaret Frena, daughter of Joseph Peter Frena, in Jerusalem Cathedral on 21 March 1942. Margaret outlived Hackett by a decade, dying on 14 May 2007. They had one child, Susan Veronica Hackett (20 May 1945 – December 1992).
Early career
He served in Palestine during the Arab revolt, where he was mentioned in despatches in 1936,<ref name=war/> and then with the Trans-Jordan Frontier Force from 1937 to 1941, when he was mentioned in despatches.<ref name=war/>
Second World War
Hackett fought in the British Army in the Second World War Syria-Lebanon campaign: he was wounded and was awarded the Military Cross.<ref name=war/> During his recovery in Palestine, he met Margaret Fena, the Austrian widow of a German. Despite the difficulties caused by her nationality, they married in Jerusalem in 1942.<ref name=go2war2/>
In the North African campaign, he commanded 'C' Squadron of the 8th Hussars (his parent unit) and was wounded again when his M3 Stuart tank was hit during the battles for Sidi Rezegh airfield. He was severely burnt when escaping the stricken vehicle.<ref>From Horses to Chieftains, Richard Napier – Woodfield Publishing 1992 Template:ISBN p159</ref> Whilst recuperating at GHQ in Cairo, he was instrumental in the formation of the Long Range Desert Group, the Special Air Service and Popski's Private Army.<ref name=war/>
In 1944, Hackett raised and commanded the 4th Parachute Brigade for the Allied assault on Arnhem, in Operation Market Garden. At the battle of Arnhem, Brigadier Hackett was severely wounded in the stomach, captured and then taken to the St. Elizabeth Hospital in Arnhem. A German doctor at the hospital wanted to administer a lethal injection to Hackett because he thought that the case was hopeless.<ref name=Hackett1978>Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Rp However, he was operated on by Alexander Lipmann-Kessel, who, with superb surgery, managed to save the brigadier's life.<ref name=Hackett1978/>Template:Rp
After a period of recuperation, he managed to escape with the help of the Dutch underground. Although he was unfit to be moved, the Germans were about to move him to a prisoner-of-war camp. He was taken by 'Piet van Arnhem', a resistance worker from Ede, and driven to Ede. Hackett had extra bloody bandages applied to heighten the severity of his injuries. After leaving the hospital, Arnhem told the checkpoint they were taking Hackett to hospital, and were let through despite the hospital being in the opposite direction from which they had just come.<ref name=Hackett1978/>Template:Rp
Hackett was hidden by a Dutch family, called de Nooij, who lived at No. 5 Torenstraat in Ede. The family nursed the brigadier back to health over a period of several months; he then managed to escape to the Allied lines with the help of the underground. He remained friends with the de Nooijs for the rest of their lives and visited immediately after they were liberated, bearing gifts. Hackett wrote about the experience in his book I Was A Stranger, published in 1977. He received his second Distinguished Service Order for his service at Arnhem.<ref name=war/>
Later Army Career
He returned to Palestine during the Palestine Emergency in 1947 where he assumed command of the Transjordan Frontier Force. Under his direction, the force was disbanded, as part of the British withdrawal from the region.<ref name=war/> He attended university at Graz, as a postgraduate in post-mediaeval studies and, after returning to the United Kingdom, he attended the Staff College, Camberley in 1951. After this, he was appointed to command the 20th Armoured Brigade and, on being promoted to major-general, assumed command of the 7th Armoured Division.<ref name=war/> In 1958, he became Commandant of the Royal Military College of Science at Shrivenham, and was promoted to lieutenant-general in 1961.<ref name=war/> He became General Officer Commanding-in-Chief (GOC-in-C), Northern Ireland Command, in 1961<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and was knighted (KCB) on 2 June 1962.<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> In 1963, he was appointed to Ministry of Defence as Deputy Chief of the Imperial General Staff (DCIGS), responsible for forces organisation and weapon development and became the leading figure in the reorganisation of the Territorial Army (TA), which made him unpopular. He relinquished his appointment on 4 February 1966.<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref>
On 14 April 1966, he was appointed command of the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) and the parallel command of NATO's Northern Army Group, and his ability to speak several languages made him a natural choice, as did his friendship with foreign soldiers such as Johann von Kielmansegg of the Bundeswehr.<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref>
In 1968 he wrote a highly controversial letter to The Times that was critical of the British government's apparent lack of concern over the strength of NATO forces in Europe but signed the letter as a NATO officer, not as a British commander.<ref name=war/>
Retirement
After his retirement from the army, Hackett continued to be active in several areas. From 1968 to 1975, he was Principal of King's College, London. He was the president in 1971 of the Classical Association and in 1973 of the English Association.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1978, he wrote a novel, The Third World War: August 1985, which was a fictionalized scenario of the Third World War based on a Red Army invasion of West Germany in 1985. It was followed in 1982 by The Third World War: The Untold Story, which elaborated on the original, including more detail from a Soviet perspective. American author Max Brooks cited Hackett's novels as one source of inspiration for his novel World War Z.<ref name="Brooks2011">Template:Cite book</ref> Hackett also appeared in the documentary In Search of the Trojan War, where he described The Iliad as "a story about the sort of people I know."
Decorations
Hackett's (British) military decorations included the Knight Grand Cross of the Bath, Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, Distinguished Service Order and Bar, Military Cross. His obituary in The Times called him a man of "intellect and prodigious courage."<ref>General Sir John Hackett GCB, CBE, DSO, MC, MA, D.Litt</ref>
Bibliography
Dates may not be reliable and are for guidance only.
- Popski's Private Army, 1950, Template:ISBN (Foreword only)
- The Profession of Arms, 1963, Template:ISBN
- I Was A Stranger, 1977, Template:ISBN
- The Third World War, 1978, Template:ISBN
- Third World War: Lecture, 1979 Template:ISBN
- Arnhem Doctor, 1981, Template:ISBN (Foreword only)
- The Third World War: The Untold Story, 1982, Template:ISBN
- The Middle East Commandos, 1988, Template:ISBN (Foreword only)
- Warfare in the Ancient World, 1989, Template:ISBN
- The Desert Rats: History of the 7th Armoured Division, 1990, Template:ISBN (Introduction only)
- The Devil's Birthday: Bridges to Arnhem, 1944, 1992, Template:ISBN
- The History of the Glider Pilot Regiment: An Official History, 1992, Template:ISBN
- One Night in June, 1994, 1853104922 (Introduction only)
- Map of the D-Day Landings, 1994, Template:ISBN (Foreword only)
- To Save A Life, 1995, Template:ISBN
Honours and awards
Sources:<ref name=war/><ref name=go2war2>Hans Molier, Sir John Winthrop Hackett (1910–1997), 10 August 2012, translated by Fred Bolle TracesOfWar.com</ref><ref name=ParaData>General Sir John Winthrop Hackett, GCB, CBE, DSO, MC, MA, D.Litt, ParaData: The history of the Parachute Regiment, www.paradata.org.uk</ref><ref>Hackett, John Winthrop "Shan" (Service number: 52752), tracesofwar.com</ref>
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Hackett was also mentioned in despatches six times:
- 1) 1936 Palestine
- 2) 1937 "Trans-Jordan Frontier Force"
- 3) 1937 "Trans-Jordan Frontier Force"
- 4) 1944 Italy<ref name=mid4>M.I.D. (Italy): Supplement to The London Gazette Issue 36668 published on 22 August 1944</ref>
- 5) 1945 Arnhem<ref name=mid5>M.I.D. (Arnhem): Supplement to The London Gazette Issue 37274 published on 18 September 1945</ref>
- 6) 1949 Palestine
Sources
- The Biography of General Sir John "Shan" Hackett GCB DSO MC, by Roy Fullick 2003, Template:ISBN
References
External links
- Biographical details, obituaries and photographs
- John Hackett’s career timeline Template:Webarchive
- Account of Sir John Hackett's part in the Battle of Arnhem
- Imperial War Museum Interview from 1979
- Imperial War Museum Interview from 1991
- Generals of World War II
- 1st British Airborne Division officers
Obituaries
- Arthur, Max. 'Obituary – General Sir John Hackett' Template:Webarchive, The Independent (London), 11 September 1997, p. 12.
- Obituary of General Sir John Hackett Template:Webarchive, The Times, 10 September 1997, p. 21.
- Barker, Dennis. 'Obituary – General Sir John Hackett' Template:Webarchive The Guardian (Manchester), 10 September 1997, p. 15.
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- Pages with broken file links
- 1910 births
- 1997 deaths
- Australian people of Irish descent
- People from Perth, Western Australia
- Military personnel from Perth, Western Australia
- People educated at Geelong Grammar School
- Alumni of New College, Oxford
- Alumni of the Central School of Art and Design
- Australian emigrants to England
- 8th King's Royal Irish Hussars officers
- British military personnel of the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
- Transjordan Frontier Force officers
- British military personnel of the Palestine Emergency
- Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley
- British Army brigadiers of World War II
- British Army generals
- Operation Pegasus
- British military writers
- Principals of King's College London
- Australian Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
- Australian Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
- Recipients of the Military Cross
- Australian Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
- Drake-Brockman family