John I, Duke of Brittany
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox royalty John I (Template:Langx, Template:Langx; Template:Circa 1217/1218Template:Snd8 October 1286), known as John the Red due to the colour of his beard, was Duke of Brittany from 1221 to his death and 2nd Earl of Richmond in 1268.
John was the eldest of three children born to Duchess Alix and her husband and co-ruler, Duke Peter I.Template:Sfn He became duke upon his mother's death in 1221. His father, who had reigned as duke due to his marriage to Alix, ruled as regent until John reached adulthood.Template:Sfn In 1268, Henry III granted the earldom of Richmond to John,Template:Sfn and the title continued in his family, through frequent temporary forfeitures and reversions, until 1342.
He experienced a number of conflicts with the Bishop of Nantes and the Breton clergy. In 1240, he issued an edict expelling Jews from the duchy and cancelling all debts to them.Template:Sfn He joined Louis IX of France in the Eighth Crusade in 1270, and survived the plague that killed the king. The duchy of Brittany experienced a century of peace, beginning with John I and ending with Duke John III's reign in 1341.Template:Sfn
Marriage and issue
In 1236 John married Infanta Blanche, daughter of King Theobald I of Navarre.Template:Sfn They had the following surviving issue:
- John II, Duke of Brittany (1239–1305), married Beatrice of England and had issue.Template:Sfn
- Peter (1241–1268), Lord of Dinan, Hade, Léon, Hennebont and La Roche-Derrien.Template:Sfn
- Alix (1243–1288), Dame de Pontarcy; married John of Châtillon, Count of Blois.Template:Sfn
- Theobald (1245–1246), interred in the church abbey of Saint-Gildas-de-Rhuys.
- Theobald (1247Template:Snddied young), interred in the church abbey of Saint-Gildas-de-Rhuys.
- Eleanor (1248Template:Snddied young), interred in the church abbey of Saint-Gildas-de-Rhuys.
- Nicolas (1249–1251), interred in the church abbey of Saint-Gildas-de-Rhuys.
- Robert (1251–1259), interred in the church abbey of Saint-Gildas-de-Rhuys.
References
Sources
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See also
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