John Maron
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John Maron (Template:Langx, Youhana Maroun; Template:Langx; Template:Langx; 628, Sirmaniyah or Sarmin, Byzantine Empire – 707, Kfarhy), was a Syriac monk. and the first Maronite Patriarch. He is revered as a saint by the Catholic Church, especially the Maronite Church, and is commemorated on March 2. He died and was buried in Kfarhy near Batroun, in Lebanon, where a shrine is dedicated to him.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Jérôme Labourt, writing in the Catholic Encyclopedia says that John Maron's "very existence is extremely doubtfulTemplate:Nbsp... if he existed at all, it was as a simple monk".<ref name=Labourt>Labourt, Jérôme. "Maronites." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 9 September 2021Template:PD-notice</ref> French theologian Eusèbe Renaudot similarly held doubts regarding John Maron's existence.<ref name=Labourt/> Other scholarship has assessed John Maron as having existed and served as Maronite Patriarch when invasions by Byzantine emperor Justinian II were repulsed and the Maronite people gained a greater degree of political independence.<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Early life
Template:Main According to tradition, John was born in Antioch, and entered the convent of Saint Maron, adopting the monastic name Yohanon Moroun. Eventually, either in 685<ref name="Gervers">El-Hāyek, Elias. "Struggle for Survival: The Maronites of the Middle Ages", Conversion and Continuity, (Michael Gervers and Ramzi Jibran Bikhazi, eds.), Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1990 Template:ISBN</ref> or between 687–701<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref> he declared himself as Patriarch of Antioch for the Maronite community, which held to the teachings of the Council of Chalcedon but rejected later councils, maintaining Monothelitism.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> This brought him into conflict with both the Byzantine empire and the Syriac Miaphysites to the east.<ref name=":0" /> John is thought to have died in 707.Template:Sfn
Works
While true authorship is contested, the Maronite Church holds that John Maron composed three works in Syriac: one about general spirituality and faith, the other against Jacobites, and another against Nestorians.Template:Cn
See also
References
Sources
- Michael Breydy: Johannes Maron. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Band 3, Bautz, Herzberg 1992, Template:ISBN, Sp. 480–482.
- Siméon Vailhé, «Origines religieuses des Maronites», Échos d'Orient, t. IV, 1900–1901, n° 2, p. 96-102, et n° 3, p. 154-162.
- Michel Breydy, Jean Maron. Expose de la foi et autres opuscules. Syr. 209. CSCO (Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium), Bd. 407, Peeters, Louvain 1988
- Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Honorius I". Encyclopædia Britannica, 8 Oct. 2020, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Honorius-I. Accessed 21 August 2021.
- Moosa, Matti. “The Relation of the Maronites of Lebanon to the Mardaites and Al-Jarājima.” Speculum, vol. 44, no. 4, 1969, pp. 597–608. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/2850386. Accessed 21 Aug. 2021.
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- LILIE, RALPH-JOHANNES. “Reality and Invention: Reflections on Byzantine Historiography.” Dumbarton Oaks Papers, vol. 68, 2014, pp. 157–210. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/24643758. Accessed 21 Aug. 2021.
- Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Maronite church". Encyclopædia Britannica, 13 Dec. 2019, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Maronite-church. Accessed 21 August 2021.
External links
Template:S-start Template:S-rel Template:S-bef Template:S-ttl Template:S-aft Template:S-end Template:Maronite Church Template:Syriac Christianity
- 628 births
- 707 deaths
- Religious writers
- Syrian archbishops
- Syrian Christian saints
- Maronite saints
- 8th-century archbishops
- Maronite Patriarchs of Antioch
- 8th-century Christian saints
- 7th-century Maronite Catholic bishops
- 7th-century writers
- 7th-century archbishops
- 7th-century Syrian bishops
- 8th-century Maronite Catholic bishops
- 7th-century Syrian people
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- 7th-century Lebanese people
- 8th-century Lebanese people
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