John Montagu, 2nd Duke of Montagu
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Major-General John Montagu, 2nd Duke of Montagu, Template:Post-nominals (1690 – 5 July 1749), styled Viscount Monthermer until 1705 and Marquess of Monthermer between 1705 and 1709, was a British Army officer, courtier and the fifth Grand Master of the Premier Grand Lodge of Freemasonry.<ref name="y440">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="m552">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Life
Montagu was born in 1690.<ref name="i868">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He received private tuition as a child and also went on a grand tour of Italy and France with Pierre Sylvestre in his formative years.<ref name="i868"/> When he was 15, on 17 March 1705, John was married to Lady Mary Churchill, daughter of John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, and Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough.Template:Sfn His in-laws were among the wealthiest and most powerful families in Europe at the time.<ref name="i868"/> In 1709 he succeeded his father to the Dukedom of Montagu.<ref name="m552"/>
On 23 October 1717, Montagu was admitted a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians.Template:Sfn He was made a Knight of the Garter in 1719, and was made Order of the Bath, a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1725, and a Grand Master of the Premier Grand Lodge of England which was the first Masonic Grand Lodge to be created.
On 22 June 1722, George I appointed Montagu governor of the islands of Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent in the West Indies. He in turn appointed Nathaniel Uring, a merchant sea captain and adventurer, as deputy-governor. Uring went to the islands with a group of seven ships, and established settlement at Petit Carenage. Unable to get enough support from British warships, he and the new colonists were quickly run off by the French.<ref>Template:Harvnb Template:Cite book</ref> In 1735, he was appointed a Major general in the British Army.<ref name="y440"/>
In 1739, the country's first home for abandoned children, the Foundling Hospital was created in London. Montagu was a supporter of this effort and was one of the charity's founding governors. He also financed the education of two notable Black British figures of the age, Ignatius Sancho (a butler at his Blackheath home, Montagu House) and Francis Williams, allegedly sending the latter to Cambridge University (the university has no record of his having studied there).Template:Sfn
In 1740, Montagu was promoted to Master-General of the Ordnance and served in that position until 1742.<ref name="m552"/> In 1745, Montagu raised a cavalry regiment known as Montagu's Carabineers, which, however, was disbanded after the Battle of Culloden.Template:Sfn
Montagu was a notorious practical joker, his mother-in-law writing of him that "All his talents lie in things only natural in boys of fifteen years old, and he is about two and fifty; to get people into his garden and wet them with squirts, and to invite people to his country houses and put things in beds to make them itch, and twenty such pretty fancies as these."<ref name=Battestin>quoted in Martin C. Battestin's "General Introduction" to Henry Fielding's Joseph Andrews. Middleton, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press, 1967: xxvin. Montagu is believed by some literary critics to be the model for Fielding's "roasting squire," the vicious squire who plays practical jokes.</ref>
Montagu is said to have once dunked the political philosopher Montesquieu in a tub of cold water as a joke.<ref name=Battestin2>Battestin, xxivn.</ref> Montagu also commissioned William Hogarth to portray Chief Justice John Willes unflatteringly in a number of cartoons series Before and After (Hogarth) in which lusty amoral rakes seduce women.
Montagu's country place, Boughton House, Northamptonshire, was laid out by him as a miniature Versailles, and now belonging to the Buccleuch family. He owned a library in the house, which included a copy of the 16th century Wriothesley Garter book.<ref name="x598">Template:Cite book</ref>
After his death, his town residence, Montagu House, Bloomsbury, on the present site of the British Museum,<ref name="m552"/> received and for many years held the national collections, which under the name of the British Museum were first opened to the public in 1759.Template:Sfn
Montagu was an owner of a coal mine.Template:Citation needed
Children
Montagu and his wife, Lady Mary Churchill, were parents to five children:Template:Citation needed
- Lady Isabella Montagu (c. 1706 – 20 December 1786). Married first William Montagu, 2nd Duke of Manchester in 1723 (no issue), and second Edward Hussey-Montagu, 1st Earl of Beaulieu (had issue).<ref name="c582">Template:Cite book</ref>
- John (1706–1711)
- George (died in infancy)
- Lady Mary Montagu (c. 1711/1712 – 1 May 1775). Married George Brudenell, 4th Earl of Cardigan, later Duke of Montagu (had issue).
- Edward (27 December 1725 – May 1727)
Succession
As none of Montagu's sons survived him, his titles became extinct upon his death in 1749. His estates were inherited by his daughter Mary, whose husband, George Brudenell, 4th Earl of Cardigan assumed the name and arms of Montagu, and in 1766 was created 1st Duke of Montagu (second creation). In 1790 this second creation dukedom of Montagu also became extinct; his only son (who had been created Baron Montagu of Boughton) having predeceased him. His daughter Elizabeth married Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch, 5th Duke of Queensberry who thus acquired all the unentailed property of the Dukes of Montagu.Template:Citation needed
Notes
Attribution
References
Bibliography
- Murdoch, Tessa (ed.), Noble Households: Eighteenth-Century Inventories of Great English Houses (Cambridge, John Adamson, 2006) Template:ISBN Template:OCLC. For an inventory of the duke's goods and chattels at Montagu House, Bloomsbury, prior to his move to Whitehall in 1733, see pp. 27–48; for an inventory of his goods and chattels at Montagu House, Whitehall, in 1746, see pp. 87–116, for inventories of his goods and chattels at Boughton House, see pp. 62–70 (1718) and pp. 70–7 (1730).
External links
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- Pages with broken file links
- 1690 births
- 1749 deaths
- 2nd Dragoon Guards (Queen's Bays) officers
- Montagu family
- British Life Guards officers
- Dukes of Montagu
- Barons Montagu of Boughton (1621 creation)
- Fellows of the Royal Society
- Knights of the Garter
- Great Masters of the Order of the Bath
- Lord-lieutenants of Northamptonshire
- Lord-lieutenants of Warwickshire
- Members of the Privy Council of Great Britain
- Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms
- Freemasons of the Premier Grand Lodge of England
- Grand masters of the Premier Grand Lodge of England