Théophile-Jules Pelouze
Théophile-Jules Pelouze (also known as Jules Pelouze), Template:IPA; 26 February 1807Template:Snd31 May 1867) was a French chemist.
Life
He was born at Valognes, and died in Paris.
His father, Edmond Pelouze, was an industrial chemist and the author of several technical handbooks. The son, after spending some time in a pharmacy at La Fère acted as laboratory assistant to Gay-Lussac and Jean Louis Lassaigne at Paris from 1827 to 1829. In 1830 he was appointed associate professor of chemistry at Lille, but returning to Paris next year became repetiteur, and subsequently professor at the École polytechnique. He also held the chair of chemistry at the Collège de France, and in 1833 became assayer to the mint and in 1848 president of the Commission des Monnaies.<ref>Template:Cite CE1913</ref><ref name="EB1911">{{#if: |
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After the coup d'état in 1851 he resigned his appointments, but continued to conduct an experimental laboratory-school he had started in 1846.<ref name="EB1911"/> There he worked with the explosive material guncotton and other nitrosulphates. His student Ascanio Sobrero was the discoverer of nitroglycerin (1847), and another student, Alfred Nobel, was to take that discovery on to great heights in the form of commercial explosives including dynamite. He was a major inspiration for both students.Template:Citation needed
Though Pelouze made no discovery of outstanding importance, he was a busy investigator, his work including researches on salicin, on beetroot sugar, on various organic acids (gallic, malic, tartaric, butyric, lactic, etc.), on oenanthic ether (with Liebig), on the nitrosulphates, on guncotton, and on the composition and manufacture of glass.<ref name="EB1911"/>
He also carried out determinations of the atomic weights of several elements, and with Edmond Frémy, published Traité de chimie générale (1847–1850); Abrégé de chimie (1848); and Notions générales de chimie (1853).<ref name="EB1911"/>
His son Eugène-Philippe Pelouze married Template:Interlanguage link multi, a rich heiress, in 1857. The couple purchased the Château de Chenonceau in 1864. Marguerite continued to live there until 1888, when she ran out of money and was forced to sell.<ref>James David Draper; Edouard Papet (2014). The Passions of Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux, p. 226–227. Yale University Press. Template:ISBN.</ref>
His name is one of the 72 names inscribed on the Eiffel Tower.