List of the 72 names on the Eiffel Tower

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The location of the names on the tower

On the Eiffel Tower, 72 names of French scientists, engineers, and mathematicians are engraved in recognition of their contributions.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Gustave Eiffel chose this "invocation of science" because of his concern over the protests against the tower, and chose names of those who had distinguished themselves since 1789.<ref name=Harriss1975>Template:Cite book</ref> The engravings are found on the sides of the tower under the first balcony, in letters about Template:Cvt tall, and were originally painted in gold. The engraving was painted over at the beginning of the 20th century and restored in 1986–87 by Société Nouvelle d'exploitation de la Tour Eiffel, the company that the city of Paris contracts to operate the Tower. The repainting of 2010–11 restored the letters to their original gold colour. There are also names of the engineers who helped build the Tower and design its architecture on a plaque on the top of the Tower, where a laboratory was built as well.Template:Citation needed

List

Location

The list is split in four parts (one for each side of the tower). The sides have been named after the parts of Paris that each side faces:

• The North-East side (also known as La Bourdonnais side)

• The South-East side (also known as the Military School side)

• The South-West side (also known as the Grenelle side)

• The North West side (also known as the Trocadéro side)

Names

In the table below are all the names on the four sides.

Name appearing	Full name	Occupation	Location	Portrait
SEGUIN	Marc Seguin	engineer	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}
LALANDE	Jérôme Lalande	astronomer	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Jérôme Lalande.jpg
TRESCA	Henri Tresca	engineer and mechanic	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:69-Tresca.jpg
PONCELET	Jean-Victor Poncelet	geometer	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Jean-Victor Poncelet.jpg
BRESSE	Jacques Antoine Charles Bresse	civil engineer and hydraulic engineer	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:JAC BRESSE.jpg
LAGRANGE	Joseph-Louis Lagrange	mathematician	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Joseph-Louis Lagrange.jpeg
BELANGER	Jean-Baptiste-Charles-Joseph Bélanger	mathematician and hydraulic engineer	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Jean-Baptiste Bélanger.png
CUVIER	Georges Cuvier	naturalist	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Georges Cuvier large.jpg
LAPLACE	Pierre-Simon Laplace	mathematician and astronomer	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Pierre-Simon Laplace.jpg
DULONG	Pierre Louis Dulong	physicist and chemist	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Pierre Louis Dulong.jpg
CHASLES	Michel Chasles	geometer	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Michel Chasles.jpg
LAVOISIER	Antoine Lavoisier	chemist	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Antoine lavoisier.jpg
AMPERE	André-Marie Ampère	mathematician and physicist	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Ampere1.jpg
CHEVREUL	Michel Eugène Chevreul	chemist	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Michel Eugène Chevreul.jpg
FLACHAT	Eugène Flachat	civil engineer	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Flachat.png
NAVIER	Claude-Louis Marie Henri Navier	mathematician	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Claude-Louis Navier.jpg
LEGENDRE	Adrien-Marie Legendre	mathematician	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Legendre.jpg
CHAPTAL	Jean-Antoine Chaptal	agronomist and chemist	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Jean-Antoine Chaptal 1.jpg
JAMIN	Jules Jamin	physicist	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Jules Celestin Jamin.jpg
GAY-LUSSAC	Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac	chemist	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Gaylussac.jpg
FIZEAU	Hippolyte Fizeau	physicist	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Hippolyte Fizeau.jpg
SCHNEIDER	Eugène Schneider	industrialist	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Schneider, Eugène.jpg
LE CHATELIER	Louis Le Chatelier	engineer	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Louis Le Chatelier.jpg
BERTHIER	Pierre Berthier	mineralogist	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Pierre Berthier.jpg
BARRAL	Jean-Augustin Barral	agronomist, chemist, physicist	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Barral.png
DE DION	Henri de DionTemplate:Efn	engineer	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Henri de Dion.jpg
GOUIN	Ernest Goüin	engineer and industrialist	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Ernest Gouin.jpg
JOUSSELIN	Louis Didier Jousselin	engineer	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Louis Jousselin (1776-1858). Ingeniero.jpg
BROCA	Paul Broca	physician and anthropologist	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Paul Broca.jpg
BECQUEREL	Antoine César Becquerel	physicist	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Antoine Becquerel 2.jpg
CORIOLIS	Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis	engineer and scientist	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis.jpg
CAIL	Jean-François Cail	industrialist	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Jean Francois Cail.jpg
TRIGER	Jacques Triger	engineer	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Jules Triger.jpg
GIFFARD	Henri Giffard	engineer	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Giffard portrait 1 200.jpg
PERRIER	François Perrier	geographer and mathematician	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Francois Perrier - Project Gutenberg eText 16671.png
STURM	Jacques Charles François Sturm	mathematician	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Charles Sturm.jpeg
CAUCHY	Augustin-Louis Cauchy	mathematician	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Cauchy Augustin Louis dibner coll SIL14-C2-03a.jpg
BELGRAND	Eugène Belgrand	engineer	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Eugène Belgrand.jpg
REGNAULT	Henri Victor Regnault	chemist and physicist	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Henri Victor Regnault.jpg
FRESNEL	Augustin-Jean Fresnel	civil engineer and physicist	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Augustin Fresnel.jpg
DE PRONY	Gaspard de Prony	engineer	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Gaspard de Prony.jpg
VICAT	Louis Vicat	engineer	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:LouisVicatJ.JPG
EBELMEN	Jacques-Joseph Ebelmen	chemist	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Jacques-Joseph Ebelmen.jpg
COULOMB	Charles-Augustin de Coulomb	physicist	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Coulomb.jpg
POINSOT	Louis Poinsot	mathematician	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Pointsot2.jpg
FOUCAULT	Léon Foucault	physicist	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Foucault 01.png
DELAUNAY	Charles-Eugène Delaunay	astronomer	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Charles Eugene Delaunay.jpeg
MORIN	Arthur Morin	mathematician and physicist	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Morin.png
HAUY	René Just Haüy	mineralogist	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Rene just hauy.jpg
COMBES	Charles Combes	engineer and metallurgist	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:CPM Combes.jpg
THENARD	Louis Jacques Thénard	chemist	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Louis Jacques Thénard.jpg
ARAGO	François Arago	astronomer and physicist	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:François Arago.jpg
POISSON	Siméon Denis Poisson	mathematician and physicist	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:SiméonDenisPoisson.jpg
MONGE	Gaspard Monge	geometer	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Gaspard Monge.jpg
PETIET	Jules Petiet	engineer	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Jules Petiet.png
DAGUERRE	Louis Daguerre	artist and chemist	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Jean-Babtiste Sabarier-Blot L.J.M.Daguerre.1844.JPG
WURTZ	Charles-Adolphe Wurtz	chemist	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Wurtz Charles-Adolphe.jpg
LE VERRIER	Urbain Le Verrier	astronomer	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Urbain Le Verrier.jpg
PERDONNET	Albert Auguste Perdonnet	engineer	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Auguste Perdonnet.png
DELAMBRE	Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre	astronomer	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Delambre Jean Baptiste Joseph Dibner coll smithsonian SIL14-D2-17a.jpg
MALUS	Étienne-Louis Malus	physicist	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Etienne-Louis Malus.jpg
BREGUET	Louis Breguet	physicist and inventor	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Breguet, Louis-François, Nadar, Gallica.jpg
POLONCEAU	Camille Polonceau	engineer	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Camille-Polonceau.jpg
DUMAS	Jean-Baptiste Dumas	chemist	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Jean Baptiste André Dumas.jpg
CLAPEYRON	Émile Clapeyron	engineer and physicist	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Benoit Clapeyron.png
BORDA	Jean-Charles de Borda	mathematician	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Jean Charles Borda.jpg
FOURIER	Joseph Fourier	mathematician	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Joseph Fourier.jpg
BICHAT	Marie François Xavier Bichat	anatomist and physiologist	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Marie François Xavier Bichat.jpg
SAUVAGE	François Clément Sauvage	engineer and geologist	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:François-Clément Sauvage-portrait-D.jpg
PELOUZE	Théophile-Jules Pelouze	chemist	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Théophile-Jules Pelouze.jpg
CARNOT	Lazare CarnotTemplate:Efn	mathematician	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Portrait Lazare Carnot.jpg
LAME	Gabriel Lamé	mathematician	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	File:Gabriel-Lamé.jpeg

Criticism

Women

The list contains no women. The list has been criticized for excluding the name of Sophie Germain, a noted French mathematician whose work on the theory of elasticity was used in the construction of the tower itself.<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> In 1913, John Augustine Zahm suggested that Germain was excluded because she was a woman.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Hydraulic engineers and scholars

Fourteen hydraulic engineers and scholars are listed on the Eiffel Tower. Eiffel acknowledged most of the leading scientists in the field. Henri Philibert Gaspard Darcy is missing; some of his work did not come into wide use until the 20th century. Also missing are Antoine Chézy, who was less famous;Template:Cn Joseph Valentin Boussinesq, who was early in his career at the time;<ref name=Chanson2009>Template:Cite book</ref> and mathematician Évariste Galois. Other famous French mathematicians are missing from the list: Joseph Liouville and Charles Hermite.

Further reading

• Template:Cite book Reprinted as Template:Cite book

External links

• Template:Commons category-inline
• Paris streets named for the 72 scientists