Kawasaki GPZ900R

Template:Short description Template:Infobox Motorcycle The Kawasaki GPZ900R (also known as the ZX900A or Ninja 900) is a motorcycle that was manufactured by Kawasaki from 1984 to 2003. It is the earliest member of the Ninja family of sport bikes. The 1984 GPZ900R (or ZX900A-1) was a revolutionary design<ref name=KawasakiMuseum1>Template:Citation</ref><ref name=Krens1/> that became the immediate predecessor of the modern-day sport bike.<ref name=Walker2/> Developed in secret over six years, it was Kawasaki's and the world's first 16-valve liquid-cooled inline four-cylinder motorcycle engine.<ref name=Krens1/><ref name=Walker1>Walker (2006) p. 172</ref><ref name=displacement>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The 908 cc four-cylinder engine delivered Template:Convert, allowing the bike to reach speeds of Template:Convert, making it the first stock road bike to exceed Template:Convert.<ref name=Krens1/>

Prior to its design, Kawasaki envisioned producing a sub-liter engine that would be the successor to the Z1.<ref name=Krens1/> Although its steel frame, 16-inch front and 18-inch rear wheels, air suspension, and anti-dive forks were fairly standard at that time, the narrow, compact engine<ref name=Walker2/> was mounted lower in the frame, allowing it to take Japanese superbike performance to a new level.<ref name=Krens1/> Six months after being unveiled to the press in December 1983, dealers entered three works GPZ900R bikes in the Isle of Man Production TT finishing in first and second places.<ref name=Krens1/><ref name=Walker2/><ref>Template:Citation</ref><ref name=Walker3>Walker (2003) p. 140</ref>

Description

Technical advances included water cooling and 16 valves, allowing additional power, and a frame that used the engine as a stressed member for improved handling and reduced weight,<ref name=KawasakiMuseum1/> as a result of testing that showed that the standard downtubes carried virtually no weight and could be eliminated.<ref name=Walker2/> Its top speed gave it the title of the fastest production bike at the time,<ref name=KawasakiMuseum1/><ref name=Krens1/><ref name=DeCet1>De Cet (2005) p. 141-2</ref><ref name=Brown1>Brown (2000) p. 185</ref> and standing quarter mile times of 10.976 seconds,<ref name=KawasakiMuseum1/><ref name=DeCet1/> or 10.55 seconds recorded by specialist rider Jay "Pee Wee" Gleason. The 1984 GPZ900R was the first Kawasaki bike to be officially marketed (in North America) under the Ninja brand name.<ref name=KawasakiMuseum1/>

In spite of its performance, the GPZ900R was smooth and rideable in urban traffic,<ref name=Krens1/> owing to the new suspension and a crankshaft counter-balancer that nearly eliminated secondary vibration.<ref name=Walker2/> The fairing's aerodynamics combined with good overall ergonomics enabled comfortable long-distance riding.<ref name=Brown1/>

The GPZ1000RX was to be the replacement for the GPZ900R in 1986, but the Ninja 900 continued alongside the GPZ 1000RX. In 1988 the GPZ 1000RX was replaced by the ZX-10, yet still the GPZ900R remained. With the release of the ZZ-R1100 in 1990, the GPZ900R lost its status as Kawasaki's flagship model,<ref name=Ker2007>Template:Citation</ref><ref name=Dowds2007>Template:Citation</ref> but continued, with some revisions of the fork, wheels, brakes and airbox, until 1993 in Europe, until 1986 in the US and until 2003 in Japan.<ref name=Walker2001>Template:Citation</ref><ref name=Brown2005>Template:Citation</ref>

The GPZ900R was featured in the movie Top Gun,<ref name=imdb>Template:Citation</ref> becoming a cultural icon.<ref name=CSM>Christian Science Monitor (2005) p. 11</ref><ref name=Brandweek1>Brandweek (2008) p. 18</ref><ref>Gingerelli (2011) p. 93</ref>

Template:Multiple image