Kenpō
Template:Distinguish Template:Short description Template:More citations needed Template:Infobox martial art Template:Chinese Template:Nihongo is the name of several martial arts. This term is often informally transliterated as "kempo", as a result of applying Traditional Hepburn romanization,<ref>Hepburn romanization provides for use of the letter "m" when ん precedes a labial consonant such as "p"</ref> but failing to use a macron to indicate the long vowel. The word Kenpō translates to "Fist Method" (as with quanfa): "ken" meaning "fist" and "po" meaning "method/law".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The generic nature of the term combined with its widespread, cross-cultural adoption in the martial arts community has led to many divergent definitions.Template:Fact
Shorinji Kenpo
Template:Main Template:Nihongo was established in 1947 by Template:Nihongo, a Japanese martial artist and former military intelligence agent,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> who combined his quanfa and jujutsu practice.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Nippon Kenpo
Template:Main Nippon Kempo (日本拳法) was created by Muneomi Sawayama in 1932.<ref name="Bennett2018_A"/><ref name="History">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Crudelli_206">Template:Cite book</ref> Sawayama was a judoka who had studied under Kenwa Mabuni, a karateka who would establish the Shito-Ryu school of Karate.<ref>「実戦の"拳法"澤山宗海――日本拳法創始者――」、加来耕三『武闘伝』223頁参照。</ref> It is typically practised wearing protective gear (face, body, crotch, etc.) and gloves and allows full use of stand-up striking, throwing, and ground fighting.<ref name="Bennett2018_A">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Crudelli_206"/>
Okinawan Kenpo
Some Okinawan martial arts groups use the term kenpō as an alternate name for their karate systems or for a distinct but related art within their association. This can be illustrated by the official full name of Motobu-ryu style named as "Nihon Denryu Heiho Motobu Kenpo" ("Japan's traditional tactics Motobu Kenpo") and by the International Shorin-ryu Karate Kobudo Federation,<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref> where Shōrin-ryū is the actual karate style practiced, whereas "hakutsuru kenpo", or "hakutsuru kenpo karate" is a related but distinctive style also taught by the association. Both the "n" and "m" romanizations are used by various groups.
American Kenpo
Template:Main Kenpo has also been used as a name for multiple martial arts that developed in Hawaii due to cross-cultural exchange among practitioners of Okinawan martial arts, Chinese martial arts, Filipino martial arts and Japanese martial arts among other influences.<ref>Rathbone, Jim. "James Mitose and the Path of Kenpo" 2006 White Tiger Productions.</ref> In the United States, kenpo is often referred to as Kenpo Karate. The most widespread styles have their origin in the teachings of James Mitose and William Kwai Sun Chow. Mitose spent most of his early years training in Japan learning his family style, Kosho-Ryū (Old pine tree school). James Mitose would later bring that style to Hawaii where he would teach Chow, who would go on to instruct Ed Parker and Bobby Lowe. The system of kenpo taught by Mitose employed hard linear strikes and kicks, pressure point manipulation, circular movement patterns, and joint locking and breaking.Template:Fact
Parker is the most prominent name in the Mitose lineage. A student of Chow in Hawaii for nearly six years, Parker moved to the US mainland to attend Brigham Young University. In 1957, he began teaching the kenpo that he had learned from Chow, and throughout his life modified and refined the art until it became Ed Parker's American Kenpo.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It employs a blend of circular movements and hard linear movements. Parker created techniques with names such as Thundering Hammers, Five Swords, Prance Of The Tiger, and Flashing Mace to provide a memorisation tool to the student.Template:Fact
Shaolin Kempo
See also
- International Kempo Federation
- Martin T. Buell – founder of the Universal Kempo Karate Schools Association
- Origins of Asian martial arts
- Ken Pomeroy
- Kenpō Fukyū Kai
- Shorinji Kempo at the 2011 SEA Games