Kim Hyong-jik
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Kim Hyong-jik (Template:Korean; 10 July 1894 – 5 June 1926) was a Korean independence activist during Japanese rule. He was the father of the North Korean founder Kim Il Sung, the paternal grandfather of Kim Jong Il, and a great-grandfather of the current leader of North Korea, Kim Jong Un.
Biography
Little is known about Kim. Born on 10 July 1894,<ref>Baik Bong, Kim Il Sung, Volume I: From Birth to the Triumphant Return to the Homeland (Dar al-Talia Publishers: Beirut Lebanon, 1973) p. 19.</ref> in the small village of Mangyongdae, situated atop a peak called Mangyungbong (만경봉(萬景峰),"All-Seeing Peak") just 12 kilometers downstream on the Taedong River from Pyongyang, Kim was the son of Kim Pohyŏn (1871–1955).<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Kim attended Sungshil School (Template:Korean), which was run by American missionaries, and became a teacher at the Sunhwa school (Template:Korean) in Mangyongdae in 1913 and the Christian Myongsin school (Template:Korean) in Ponghwa-ri, Kangdong County in 1916 and later worked as a herbal pharmacist. According to the North Korean official sources, he died as a result of numerous medical problems, including third-degree frostbite.
Kim and his wife attended Christian churches,<ref name="moreorless"/> and Kim even served as a part-time Protestant missionary.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It was reported that his son, Kim Il Sung, attended church services during his teenage years before becoming an atheist later in life.<ref name="moreorless">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Kim Il Sung often spoke of his father's idea of chiwŏn (지원(志遠), righteous aspirations).
Kim Jong Il's official government biography states that his grandfather was "the leader of the anti-Japanese national liberation movement and was a pioneer in shifting the direction from the nationalist movement to the communist movement in Korea".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Kim Hyong-jik is claimed by North Korea to have convened an important meeting of independence activists in November, 1921 memorialized at the Sansong Revolutionary Site.
Family
- Father: Kim Pohyŏn (3 October 1871 – 2 September 1955)
- Paternal grandfather: Kim Ŭngu (17 June 1848 – 4 October 1878)
- Paternal grandmother: Lady Yi (Template:Korean)
- Mother: Yi Poik (Template:Korean; 31 May 1876 – 18 October 1959)
- Two brothers
- Kim Hyŏngnok (Template:Korean)
- Kim Hyŏnggwŏn (4 November 1905 – 12 January 1936)
- Three sisters
- Wife: Kang Pan Sok
- First son: Kim Il Sung (15 April 1912 – 8 July 1994)
- Second son: Kim Chol-ju (12 June 1916 – 14 June 1935)
- Third son: Kim Yong-ju (1920–2021)
References
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