Komsomolsk-on-Amur
Template:Short description Template:Other places3 Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox Russian city
Komsomolsk-on-Amur (Template:Lang-rus) is a city in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia, located on the west bank of the Amur River in the Russian Far East. It is located on the Baikal-Amur Mainline, Template:Convert northeast of Khabarovsk. Population: Template:Ru-censusTemplate:Historical populations
History
The future site of Komsomolsk-on-Amur was conquered by the Mongols in the 13th century, becoming part of the Yuan dynasty. It was later held by the Qing dynasty until the area was ceded to the Russian Empire in the treaty of Aigun in 1858. The village of Permskoye ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) was established on the later site of Komsomolsk in 1860 by migrant peasants from what was then called the Nizhne-Tambovsky District, Far Eastern Territory (now Khabarovsk Krai).
The government of the Russian SFSR announced in 1931 plans to construct a shipyard on the Amur at the present site of Komsomolsk, with construction beginning in 1932.Template:Citation needed According to official accounts, the town was built using volunteer labor from the Communist youth organization Komsomol (and after 1991, the Russian Communist Youth League), and on that basis receiving the name Komsomolsk. However, the construction of the town was done with the extensive use of forced labour from the concentration camps under the Gulag administration, specifically the Dallag (Far East Camp) complex. The site had been the centre of the system for the Khabarovsk krai. According to Adashova and Kovalev, there was not a single entreprise constructed there in the 1930s or 1940s which had not involved Dallag forced labour, and at least 900,000 forced labourers passed through the area throughout its existence.<ref>Aleksander Solzhenitsyn, The Gulag Archipelago: 1918-1956, 592-593</ref><ref>Т.А. АДАШОВА, В.В. КОВАЛЕВ: Комсомольск-на-Амуре. № 03/2002 газеa "География" </ref> The suffix on Amur was added to differentiate from other towns with the same name. It was granted town status in 1933.Template:Citation needed
By the end of the 1940s, the shipyards along with facilities for other heavy industry had been completed. The city developed into a regional center for industries such as aircraft manufacturing, metallurgy, machinery, oil refining, and shipbuilding. At present, Komsomolsk-on-Amur is the main center for the manufacture of Sukhoi military aircraft and the Sukhoi Superjet airliner.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The MiG-15bis <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and the Lisunov Li-2<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> were both manufactured in Komsomolsk-on-Amur.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Komsomolsk-on-Amur serves as the administrative center of Komsomolsky District,<ref name="OKATO" /> even though it is not a part of it.<ref name="Ref50">Resolution #143-pr</ref> As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the city of krai significance of Komsomolsk-na-Amure—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.<ref name="Ref50"/> As a municipal division, the city of krai significance of Komsomolsk-na-Amure is incorporated as Komsomolsk-na-Amure Urban Okrug.<ref name="Ref740">Law #192</ref> The city is administratively divided into 2 okrugs (previously raion), coinciding with the historical parts: Leninsky (Dzemgi) and Central.
In the Soviet period, the administrative-territorial division of the city was different from the present. In accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of 19 October 1943 were formed Lenin, Stalin and Central areas. Stalinsky district included the territory of Railway Amurstali and residential community.
Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR "On the Abolition of the city of Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Khabarovsk Krai" on August 7, 1957 in the district division was abolished, but the decree of March 31, 1972 the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the newly divided the city into two districts - Central and Leninsky.
Geography
The city and its suburbs stretch for over Template:Convert along the left bank of the Amur River. The river at this point is up to Template:Convert wide. Lake Khummi is located southeast of the city.<ref name="GЕ">Google Earth</ref>
The distance to Khabarovsk—the administrative center of the krai—is Template:Convert; to the Pacific Ocean—about Template:Convert. The nearest other major town is Amursk, about Template:Convert south.
It is about Template:Convert east of Moscow, and lies at the eastern end of the BAM Railway.
Climate
Komsomolsk-on-Amur has an extreme humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), featuring warm summers and bitterly cold winters. Temperatures in the area of the city typically change by over Template:Convert over the course of the year, with a daily average of Template:Convert in January, compared to Template:Convert in July. This city has exceptionally cold winter temperatures for its latitude of 51 degrees N, which is about the same as that of London. But, while both cities have comparable summer temperatures, Komsomolsk's winter temperatures are more similar to Norilsk than to London. Template:Weather box
Layout
Komsomolsk-on-Amur consists of two historical parts: the center, or "city", where the main enterprise - Shipyard, and the Dzemgi - an area that has formed during the construction of an aircraft factory (future = KnAAPO). In fact, each of the parts is a separate town, itself a single center in the city.
Areas of the city are very different architectural appearance: Center Stalinist buildings dominated the 40-50s (exception - the residential area near the railway station), Dzemgi is built up mainly typical panel apartment blocks. The "sleeping" area Dzemgi is not, as the majority of their residents work in enterprises located here.
Economy and infrastructure
Komsomolsk-on-Amur is an important industrial center of Khabarovsk Krai and of the Russian Far East.<ref name="gov">Komsomolsk-on-Amur city Template:Webarchive</ref> It has a diversified economy where machine building, metallurgy and timber enterprises dominate.<ref name="fas">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The city's most notable company is Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association, Russia's largest aircraft-manufacturing enterprise. It is among Khabarovsk Krai's most successful enterprises, and for years has been the largest taxpayer of the territory.<ref name="globalsecurity">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It has manufactured hundreds of civil aircraft and thousands of various-role military aircraft from the first recon aircraft to modern Su- series fighters and light amphibian aeroplanes.<ref name="uac">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The company is hugely important to the city's economy, contributing 45% of all payments into the local budget.<ref name="globalsecurity"/>
Also based in the city is Amur Shipbuilding Plant, an important producer of ships and submarines.Template:Cn
The easternmost GLONASS telemetry and tracking station is located in Komsomolsk-on-Amur.
Two air bases are located near the city, Khurba to the south and Dzemgi to the north.
Komsomolsk-on-Amur railway station is an important rail junction of Baikal-Amur Mainline and Komsomolsk-Dezhnyovka railway line.
The city is served by the Komsomolsk-on-Amur Airport.
Public transport includes 5 tram routes, bus and fixed-taxi (marshrutka). However, since January 10, 2018 the tram has not been operated, due to 'poor road condition' on Mira Prospect. It has yet to reopen and it was speculated that the suspension of tram traffic might become permanent.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The first sortie of the Sukhoi Su-57 prototype occurred at the Gagarin Factory.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}Template:Dead link</ref>
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Test flight of a Sukhoi Superjet 100 prototype in Komsomolsk-on-Amur
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Tram=
Twin towns – sister cities
Komsomolsk-on-Amur is twinned with:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Template:Flagicon Jiamusi, China (1994)
- Template:Flagicon Kamo, Japan (1991)
- Template:Flagicon Weinan, China (2016)
Notable residents
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- Alex Chubrevich, Israeli-Russian professional basketball player for Maccabi Haifa of the Israeli Super League.
- Yuliya Chepalova, cross-country skier.
- Anatoly Dyatlov, deputy chief-engineer of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant
- Yury Gazinsky, footballer, scorer of the first goal at the 2018 FIFA World Cup, was born in the city
- Alexandra Ivanovskaya, "Miss Russia 2005"
- Valentina Khetagurova (1914–1992), founder of the Khetagurovite Campaign
- Pasha Kovalev, professional dancer
- Sergei Plotnikov, ice hockey player with SKA Saint Petersburg, KHL
- Ivan Shtyl, sprint canoer
See also
References
Notes
Sources
External links
Template:Sister project Template:Wikivoyage
Template:Khabarovsk Krai Template:Russian Far East Template:Authority control