La Rambla, Barcelona
Template:Short description Template:Redirect-distinguish-for Template:Infobox street
La Rambla ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}) is considered the most well known street in central Barcelona.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> A tree-lined pedestrian street, it stretches for Template:Convert connecting the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} in its center with the Christopher Columbus Monument at Port Vell. La Rambla forms the boundary between the neighbourhoods of the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} to the east and the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} to the west.<ref name=avoc>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
La Rambla can be crowded, especially during the height of the tourist season. It hosts a combination of eateries, shops, markets, and cultural institutions.<ref name=":0" />
The Spanish poet Federico García Lorca once said that La Rambla was "the only street in the world which I wish would never end."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Orientation
La Rambla can be considered a series of shorter streets, each differently named, hence the plural form {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (the original Catalan form; in Spanish it is {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}). The street is successively called:<ref name=avoc/>
- {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} – the site of the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} fountain
- {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} – the site of the former Jesuit University, whose only remainder is the Church of Bethlehem
- {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (or {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) – the site of an open-air flower market
- {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} – the site of a former Capuchin monastery, now dominated by the Liceu opera-house
- {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} – an arts center named after the convent of St. Monica.
To the north of La Rambla lies {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, a large square in central Barcelona that is generally considered to be both Barcelona's city center and the place where the old city and the 19th century-built {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} converge.<ref name=avoc/>
To the east of La Rambla is the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} or Gothic Quarter, the heart of the old city of Barcelona. The {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} retains a labyrinthine street plan, with small squares and streets, many of which connect onto the Rambla. One of the larger of these squares is the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, a lively 19th-century square with tall palm trees and street lamps designed by Antoni Gaudí, which opens down a short entrance passage off the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}. Further into the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} can be found the Cathedral of Santa Eulàlia and the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} that houses the buildings of the Generalitat of Catalonia and Barcelona's City Council.<ref name=avoc/>
To the west of La Rambla is the rather different {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} quarter. Outside the city's earliest walls, this area was originally the site of various religious and medical institutions. Later factories grew up along with housing for the workers, whilst the proximity to the port led to the area becoming known for its nightlife and clubs, as well as prostitution and crime. Today the area still retains a degree of 'edge', but it also home to several important buildings, including Gaudí's {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, which is only a few steps down the Carrer Nou de la Rambla from the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}.<ref name=avoc/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
At the southern end of the Rambla is the Christopher Columbus Monument and the Port Vell, the old port of Barcelona, now largely given over to pleasure craft. Near to the port end of the Rambla are the Royal Dockyards (Template:Langx), which house a maritime museum specifically devoted to naval history in the Mediterranean.<ref name=avoc/>
Extensions at either end of the Rambla also carry the name Rambla, but are not normally considered part of La Rambla itself. To the north, the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} extends into the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} district. To the south, construction of the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} in the early 1990s resulted in a continuation of La Rambla on a wooden walkway into the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} harbor.<ref name=avoc/>
History
The course of La Rambla was originally a sewage-filled stream,<ref name="Eaude2011">Template:Cite book</ref> usually dry but an important drain for the heavy rainwater flowing from the Collserola hills during spring and autumn. ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, from the Arabic {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} 'sand', is Catalan for "wadi". The name of the city of Ramla in Israel is derived from the same origin).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It separated the walled city on its north-east bank from the settlements of El Raval ("the suburb") on its south-west.<ref name=eaude>Template:Cite book</ref>
In the year 1377, construction started on an extension of the city walls to include La Rambla and El Raval. In 1440, the stream was diverted to run outside the new walls, and La Rambla gradually started turning into a street.<ref name=cronologia>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Over the next few centuries, La Rambla became an established center of Barcelona's urban life, serving as a long wide thoroughfare used for festivals, markets, and sports. Several large religious establishments were also built along the street during this period. These include the Jesuit Bethlehem monastery and college (1553), of which just the later church remains; the Carmelite St. Joseph's monastery, on the site of the current Boqueria market; and a Capuchin monastery at the lower end of the street.<ref name=cronologia />
In 1703, the first of the trees lining La Rambla were planted.<ref name=cronologia /> They were 280 birch trees and later on those were replaced by elm trees. In 1832, some acacias were planted and the currently standing plane trees started to be the common tree from 1859.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> During the late 19th century, many Catalans who had made their fortunes from trading in slaves or owning slave plantations in Spanish America returned to Barcelona after the abolition of slavery in 1886. Several of them invested their newfound fortunes in constructing opulent mansions in areas such as La Rambla. German historian Michael Zeuske has argued that the street was "built on the backs of slaves", although The Guardian claimed that "[this] is an exaggeration."<ref name="Burgen2023">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Various conflicts over recent centuries took their toll on La Rambla's religious buildings, most notably the St. James's Night riots in 1835, when revolutionaries burned the monasteries and churches and killed a number of friars;<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and the Spanish Civil War in 1936–39, when Barcelona came under the control of anarchists who again targeted religious buildings and personnel, as well as being damaged by artillery and air attacks on the area from pro-Franco forces.
Until 2010, the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} was the site of an open-air market for caged birds and other small pets. However animal protection laws made it difficult for the market to continue. After years of fighting the legislation, the market was forced to close.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
On 17 August 2017, many people were struck by a van deliberately driven down the sidewalk on La Rambla in a terrorist attack, causing 16 deaths and at least 300 injuries.<ref name="guardian-17aug2017">Template:Cite news</ref>
Sights
The tree-lined central promenade of La Rambla is crowded during the day and until late in the night. Its origins as a watercourse are reflected in the paving design, which appears to ripple like water. Along the promenade's length are kiosks that sell newspapers and souvenirs, other kiosks selling flowers, street traders, performers, and pavement cafes and bars. Several notable sights are also located within the promenade, including a mosaic by Joan Miró and the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, a fountain and popular meeting point.<ref name=avoc/><ref name=btmlr>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=bryant34>Template:Cite book</ref>
Along the Rambla are historic buildings such as the Palace of the Virreina and the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Theater (Template:Langx), in which operas and ballets are staged. The {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} market opens off the Rambla and is one of the city's foremost tourist landmarks, housing a very diverse selection of goods.<ref name=avoc/><ref name=btmlr/>
One of the side streets, which is only a few meters long, leads to the Royal Square ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}), a plaza with palm trees and porticoed buildings containing many pubs and restaurants, and where stamp and coin collectors gather on the weekends.<ref name=avoc/><ref name=btmpr>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Culture
The Rambla is the location for several of Barcelona's cultural establishments, including:
- the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, or simply {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, is Barcelona's opera house, opened in 1847.<ref name=btmgt>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, is the oldest theater in Barcelona, founded in 1568, and subsequently rebuilt several times since.<ref name=tp>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} is a public museum of contemporary art located on the Raval side of {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, with regular exhibitions of international artists.<ref name=btmasm>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, a Baroque palace, hosts museum exhibitions and cultural events.<ref name=btmlv>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} is a 1971 pavement mosaic by Joan Miró.<ref name=cronologia />
Transport
.jpg)
The most obvious transport mode on La Rambla is its heavy flow of pedestrians, who largely use the wide central pedestrianized area. This is flanked by two narrow service roads, which in turn are flanked by narrow pedestrian walkways in front of the buildings. Despite its length, no vehicular traffic is permitted to cross the central pedestrian walkway.<ref name=avoc/>
Line L3 of the Barcelona Metro runs beneath the length of La Rambla, with stations at:<ref name=trenscat>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, immediately adjacent to {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, is a major interchange station served by several metro and suburban railway lines.
- {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, in front of the opera house {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, serves the central section of La Rambla.
- {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} is by the port next to {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}.
Three Barcelona Bus lines operate along the service roads flanking La Rambla during the day (numbers 14, 59 and 91), whilst three different night time services also operate along La Rambla (numbers N9, N12 and N15).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Redevelopment
In 2017 the city of Barcelona approved a plan to redevelop the famous street giving it a new image and function. Construction for the redevelopment is slated to begin in late 2022. The redevelopment budget is approximately €45 million and will be carried out in stages. More space will be made for pedestrians by reducing the number of car lanes. Traffic will also be restricted to use only by service vehicle and people who live in the area. The general idea is to create a "green space" that will be more welcoming to locals and tourists alike.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
See also
References
External links
Template:Barcelona Template:Barcelona landmarks Template:Authority control