Lake Burragorang
Template:Use Australian English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox body of water Lake Burragorang is a man-made reservoir in the lower Blue Mountains of New South Wales, Australia, serving as a major water supply for greater metropolitan Sydney. The dam impounding the lake, the Warragamba Dam, is located approximately Template:Convert southwest of the Sydney central business district.
Lake Burragorang is within the World Heritage Site of the Greater Blue Mountains Area. The Template:Convert reservoir collects water from the converged flows of the Coxs, Kowmung, Nattai, Wingecarribee, Wollondilly, and Warragamba rivers and their associated tributaries, all within the Nepean and Hawkesbury River catchment.
Pre-lake history
Before the construction of the dam, Burragorang Valley, as well as the nearby Megalong Valley had been inhabited by the Dharug and Gundungurra Aboriginal people for thousands of years. In the 19th century, white settlers arrived in the area. A number of farming towns (including the town of Burragorang) and coal mines were located in the area. All of these are now underwater.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Construction of Warragamba dam commenced in 1948 and was completed in 1960.
Capacity
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The reservoir's usable capacity is Template:Convert. Prior to April 2006, the usable capacity was Template:Convert, before the Deep Water Storage Recovery project was completed. There are fears, however, that population pressures may stretch the reservoir's ability to furnish Sydney residents with needed water well into the 21st century.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The city's population is rising by about 50,000 every yearTemplate:Citation needed. Water restrictions (limited usage purposes and times), were imposed late in 2003 and are reapplied during serious droughts, which are expected to become more frequent.
There have been times when the reservoir has become seriously depleted. On 8 February 2007 the lake recorded an all-time low of 32.5% of capacity, although by late 2008 the water level had returned to 60% of capacity.<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref> To reduce the likelihood of a water supply failure, the NSW Government authorised the construction and operation of the Sydney Desalination Plant to augment Sydney's water supply.
The dam reached maximum capacity and spilled in March 2012, the first time it had done so in fourteen years.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> This is consistent with increasingly extreme weather events, where longer periods of drought and reduced total rainfall, is expected to be punctuated with shorter, heavier and more sporadic downfalls events.Template:Citation needed
In November 2019, government proposed a $700 million plan to raise the height of the dam by 14 metres. The purpose is stated as providing flood mitigation for downstream land. Critics have alleged it may be to allow rezoning of prime agricultural in the flood zone, to residential property for commercial developers. Increasing the capacity would result in flooding large areas of native wildlife habitat, in a relatively protected water catchment area. It would also flood large areas of native vegetation, that provides a substantial carbon dioxide sink, without proposal for replacement. The announcement was made while an application for concessions to extend mining operations inside the drinking water catchment areas, is under consideration. In the first week of December 2019, the water catchment area experienced large bush fires, during a widespread and extreme fire season in Eastern Australia.Template:Citation needed
Public access
Lake Burragorang is surrounded by a Template:Convert wide exclusion zone to protect the integrity of the water supply; access into this zone is restricted. There are two access corridors for bushwalkers: Coxs River to Mount Cookem, and Belloon Pass to Yerranderie.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Limited public vehicle access is allowed on fire trail W4 from Sheahys Creek to Yerranderie.
Power station
A hydroelectric power station at Warragamba Dam begins operating once the level in the reservoir reaches to within Template:Convert of full capacity. Its output is Template:Convert.<ref name="Warragamba Hydro">Template:Cite web</ref> A long drought lasting 14 years resulted in the dam water level being insufficient for it to operate from 1998 to 2012. In 2016, late 2020 and each subsequent year, it has operated as the dam has spilled on multiple occasions.
Statistical overview
| Key reservoir statistics<ref name=scafacts>Template:Cite web</ref> | |
|---|---|
| Available storage (when full) | Template:Convert |
| Total capacity (when full) | Template:Convert |
| Surface area | Template:Convert |
| Length of lake | Template:Convert |
| Length of foreshores | Template:Convert |
| Deepest point | Template:Convert |
| Catchment area | Template:Convert |
| Average annual rainfall | Template:Convert |
See also
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