Lane Kirkland

Template:Short description Template:Infobox officeholder Joseph Lane Kirkland (March 12, 1922 – August 14, 1999) was an American labor union leader who served as President of the AFL–CIO from 1979 to 1995.

Early life

Kirkland was born in Camden, South Carolina, the son of Louise Beardsley (Richardson) and Randolph Withers Kirkland.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He rose over his career to head the 16-million-member American labor movement.<ref>Buhle, Paul. Taking Care of Business: Samuel Gompers, George Meany, Lane Kirkland, and the Tragedy of American Labor. New York City: Monthly Review Press, 1999. Template:ISBN</ref>

In 1941, Kirkland entered the United States Merchant Marine Academy, graduated 1942, and became a deck officer on U.S. merchant ships during World War II. After the war, he worked in the Research Department of the AFL. He received a B.S. degree from the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University.

Kirkland married Edith Draper Hollyday in June 1944, with whom he had five daughters.

A year after their divorce in 1972, he married the Prague-born Irena Neumann (1925–2007).<ref name="Puddington" >Template:Cite book</ref> An Auschwitz survivor, Neumann had previously been married to film producer Henry T. Weinstein, who had directed Marilyn Monroe's final unfinished picture. The couple had been close to Monroe during the last months of her life.

Career

File:Lane Kirkland 1960.jpg

Kirkland Template:Circa 1960

From 1979 to 1995 Kirkland was president of the American Federation of Labor – Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL–CIO). During his tenure, union membership in the United States declined precipitously. The unions suffered some of their most serious defeats, including the 1981 air traffic controllers' strike and the 1985–1986 Hormel strike. He also served on the Federal Prison Industries, Incorporated (FPI)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> board from 1980-1988, representing Labor<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> during FPI's growth years.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

On the international front, Kirkland's support of the Solidarity movement in Poland contributed to the decline of communism. American Unions under the leadership of Lane Kirkland contributed $150,000 shortly after the successful Solidarity Strike, as early as September 1980.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The total support Kirkland raised for to the Solidarity movement, taking into cash and equipment, was more than $6,000,000.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> At the time, the Carter Administration, including its two prominent Polish Americans, Zbigniew Brzezinski and Edmund Muskie, advised against such aid, fearing Soviet reaction. Kirkland nevertheless continued, persuading Zbigniew Brzezinski of the wisdom of supporting the Solidarity movement. In the U.S., labor union support for Solidarity far exceeded the support given by its European counterparts. Aid to Solidarity was part of Lane Kirkland's internationalist vision for the labor movement and the building of the global consensus on human rights.

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Kirkland became a mentor for many prominent labor leaders who saw him as a visionary and visited him in his office at the George Meany Center. He befriended Lech Walesa as well as Marian Krzaklewski who replaced Lech Walesa at the helm of Solidarity. Kirkland was awarded posthumously with the highest Polish award, the Order of the White Eagle.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Polish American Freedom Foundation established a grant in Lane Kirkland's honor, and his union, the International Organization of Masters, Mates and Pilots, established the non-profit Captain Richard Phillips-Lane Kirkland Maritime Trust<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> partly in his memory.

Death and legacy

Lane Kirkland died in Washington, D.C. on August 14, 1999, aged 77, from complications of cancer.

His best remembered quotation is:

If hard work were such a wonderful thing, surely the rich would have kept it all to themselves.{{#if:|

|}}{{#if:|

— {{#if:|, in }}Template:Comma separated entries

}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Blockquote with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | author | by | char | character | cite | class | content | multiline | personquoted | publication | quote | quotesource | quotetext | sign | source | style | text | title | ts }}

Awards

On November 13, 1989, Kirkland was presented with the Presidential Citizens Medal by President Bush.

In 1994, Kirkland was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Clinton.

In 1999, Lane Kirkland was awarded the Truman-Reagan Medal of Freedom.<ref>Truman-Reagan Medal of Freedom</ref>

References

• Template:Cite book

External links

• American Center for International Labor Solidarity, formerly the International Affairs Department of the AFL–CIO
• Lane Kirkland: The AFL–CIO's last cold warrior by Jim Smith
• Freedom's Labors: Lane Kirkland worked for more than his union by Fred Siegel. Wall Street Journal. OpinionJournal.com. Tuesday, March 8, 2005. Accessed April 3, 2005.
• Lane Kirkland papers at the University of Maryland libraries
• Template:C-SPAN
• The American Presidency Project
• Lane Kirkland (1922–1999) AFL–CIO history page