Voiced dental and alveolar lateral fricatives
Template:Short description Template:Redirect2 Template:Infobox IPA Template:Infobox IPA
A voiced alveolar lateral fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.
Notation
The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiced dental, alveolar, and postalveolar lateral fricatives is Template:Angbr IPA, sometimes referred to as lezh.
In 1938, a symbol shaped similarly to heng Template:Angbr IPA was approved as the official IPA symbol for the voiced alveolar lateral fricative, replacing Template:Angbr IPA. It was suggested at the same time, however, that a compromise shaped like something between the two may also be used at the author's discretion. It was this compromise version that was included in the 1949 Principles of the International Phonetic Association and the subsequent IPA charts, until it was replaced again by Template:Angbr IPA at the 1989 Kiel Convention.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Despite the Association's prescription, Template:Angbr IPA is nonetheless seen in literature from the 1960s to the 1980s.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Related characters
There are several Unicode characters based on lezh (ɮ):
- Template:Unichar is a superscript IPA letter<ref name="L220116">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- Template:Unichar is a superscript IPA letter<ref name="L220116" />
- Template:Unichar is an extension to IPA for disordered speech (extIPA)<ref name="L220116">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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Features
Features of a voiced alveolar lateral fricative:
Template:Fricative Template:Alveolar Template:Voiced Template:Oral Template:Lateral Template:Pulmonic
Occurrence
Dental or denti-alveolar
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amis | Kangko accentTemplate:Cn | Interdental {{#invoke:IPA|main}} | |||
Alveolar
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adyghe | lang}} | Template:Audio-IPA | 'town' | Can also be pronounced as Template:IPAblink | |
| Arabic | Classical (hypothesized) | الأَرضِ | Template:Audio-IPA | 'the earth' | In addition, a pharyngealized voiced alveolar lateral fricative Template:Audio-IPA is reconstructed to be the ancient Classical Arabic pronunciation of Template:Transliteration; the letter is now pronounced in Modern Standard Arabic as a pharyngealized voiced coronal stop, as alveolar Template:IPAblink or denti-alveolar Template:IPAblink. |
| BuraTemplate:Sfnp | dlambà | [ɮamba] | 'cloud' | Contrasts with Template:IPAblink and Template:IPAblink.Template:Sfnp | |
| English | South African | ibandla | [iˈbaːnɮa] | 'meeting of a Nguni chief or community' | Only found in Zulu loan words in South African English. |
| Kabardian | lang}} | Template:Audio-IPA | 'seven' | Can also be pronounced as Template:IPAblink | |
| Ket | lang}} | [ɔɮɨn] | 'nose' | Can also be pronounced as Template:IPAblink | |
| MolokoTemplate:Sfnp | lang}} | main}} | 'start, begin' | Contrasts with Template:IPAblink, Template:IPAblink and Template:IPAblink | |
| Mongolian | lang}} | main}} | 'Mongol' | Devoiced to Template:IPAblink at the end of a word or when surrounded by voiceless consonants | |
| Sassarese | caldhu | Template:Audio-IPA | 'hot' | ||
| TeraTemplate:Sfnp | lang}} | main}} | 'planting' | Contrasts with both Template:IPAblink and Template:IPAblink | |
| ZuluTemplate:Sfnp | lang}} | main}} | 'to eat' | Contrasts with both Template:IPAblink and Template:IPAblink; realized as Template:IPAblink after nasals | |
Voiced lateral-median fricative
Template:Infobox IPA Template:Infobox IPA
The voiced alveolar lateral–median fricative (also known as a "lisp" fricative) is a consonantal sound pronounced with simultaneous lateral and central airflow.
Features
Template:Fricative However, it does not have the grooved tongue and directed airflow, or the high frequencies, of a sibilant. Template:Alveolar Template:Voiced Template:Oral Template:Central articulation Template:Lateral Template:Pulmonic
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arabic<ref>Heselwood (2013) Phonetic transcription in theory and practice, p 122–123</ref><ref name="Janet Watson">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> |
Rijal Almaʽa | lang}} | main}} | 'hyena' | main}} and Modern Standard Arabic {{#invoke:IPA|main}} |
| Mehri<ref name="Janet Watson"/> | lang}} | main}} | 'plait' | |||