Legality of cannabis

Map of world cannabis laws for non-medical use

Adult legal status of cannabis possession for recreational use¹

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Map of world cannabis laws for medical use

Adult legal status of cannabis for medical use¹

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Template:Cannabis sidebar The legality of cannabis for medical and recreational use varies by country, in terms of its possession, distribution, and cultivation, and (in regards to medical) how it can be consumed and what medical conditions it can be used for. These policies in most countries are regulated by three United Nations treaties: the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances, and the 1988 Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Citation</ref> Cannabis is only scheduled under the Single Convention and was reclassified in 2020 to a Schedule I-only drug (from being both Schedule I and IV drug previously, with the schedules from strictest to least being IV, I, II, and III).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=":53">Template:Cite journal</ref> As a Schedule I drug under the treaty, countries can allow the medical use of cannabis but it is considered to be an addictive drug with a serious risk of abuse.<ref name="schedules">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=":0">Template:Cite news</ref> and may be able to regulate non-medical cannabis industry under its Article 2 paragraph 9.<ref name=":52">Template:Cite book</ref>

The use of cannabis for recreational purposes is prohibited in most countries; however, many have adopted a policy of decriminalization to make simple possession a non-criminal offense (often similar to a minor traffic violation). Others have much more severe penalties such as some Middle Eastern and Far Eastern countries where possession of even small amounts is punished by imprisonment for several years.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Countries that have legalized recreational use of cannabis are Canada, Georgia, Germany, Luxembourg, Malta, South Africa, and Uruguay, plus 24 states, 3 territories, and the District of Columbia in the United States and the Australian Capital Territory in Australia. Commercial sale of recreational cannabis is legalized nationwide in two countries (Canada and Uruguay) and in all subnational U.S. jurisdictions that have legalized possession except Virginia and Washington, D.C. A policy of limited enforcement has also been adopted in many countries, in particular the Netherlands where the sale of cannabis is tolerated at licensed coffeeshops.<ref name="coffeeshops">Template:Cite newsTemplate:Cbignore</ref>

The legalization of recreational cannabis has been put forward as a solution to restrict access to the drug by minors, a method of harm reduction, a way of reducing organized crime, aid economic growth and revenue, as well as enable job creation.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Unregulated cannabis from the illegal black market comes with increased health risks, such as unknown THC rate, unknown potency, possible toxic additives and contaminants and synthetic cannabinoids.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Whereas, a legal and regulated cannabis system enables product quality and safety requirements to be mandated for public safety and consumer awareness.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Cannabis illegality tends to become a burden on the criminal justice system, with legalization as a way to free up police time and resources to focus on more serious crimes, reduce the prison population of non-violent drug offenders and thus save taxpayers money.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Countries that have legalized medical use of cannabis include Albania, Argentina, Australia, Barbados, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Finland, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Malawi, Malta, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, North Macedonia, Norway, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Rwanda, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Thailand, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Others have more restrictive laws that allow only the use of certain cannabis-derived pharmaceuticals, such as Sativex, Marinol, Cesamet, or Epidiolex.<ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Cbignore</ref> In the United States, 40 states, 4 territories, and the District of Columbia have legalized the medical use of cannabis, but at the federal level its use remains prohibited.<ref name="ncsl">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

By country

Country/Territory	Recreational	Medical	Notes
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Production banned by King Zahir Shah in 1973.<ref name="Booth2011">Template:Cite book</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Prohibited but plants highly available throughout the country and law often unenforced.<ref name="setimes-albania">Template:Citation</ref><ref name="balkaninsight-albania-1">Template:Citation</ref><ref name="balkaninsight-albania-2">Template:Citation</ref> On 21 July 2023 the Albanian Parliament voted 69–23 to legalize medical cannabis.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
Template:Flag	Template:No<ref name="pagina12-2023">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="ley23737">Template:Cite act</ref>	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Medicinal cannabis was legalized on 22 September 2017.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} In September 2019, the Australian Capital Territory became the first state or territory of Australia to legalize recreational use of cannabis. Since 31 January 2020 residents have been allowed to grow two plants and possess Template:Cvt, though sales or other transfer is prohibited, including cannabis seeds. Federal law also remains enforceable.<ref name="ACT">Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:Hs Template:Partial	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
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Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Sale banned in 1989,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> but laws are rarely enforced and cannabis is openly sold in many parts of the country.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:Hs Template:Partial	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Up to Template:Cvt decriminalized for adults since 2003.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Possession prohibited, but use is common and largely tolerated.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Possession of up to Template:Cvt decriminalized.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} In November 2016, the Supreme Court of Bermuda ruled in favor of allowing the medical use of cannabis.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> As of July 2018, two doctors have been licensed to prescribe the drug.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Illegal, but plants grow prolifically and have multiple traditional uses, such as feeding pigs and producing textiles.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No<ref name="apbolivia">Template:Cite news</ref>	Template:No<ref name="apbolivia" />	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} In 2016, the Ministry of Civil Affairs formed a task force to explore the legalization of cannabis and cannabinoids for medicinal purposes.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Cannabis (or dagga) is illegal.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial or cultivation of 6 plants for personal use<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Legislation passed in 2006 to require treatment and community service for possessing small amounts of drugs instead of jail time.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Possession of large amounts, as well as sale, transportation, and cultivation, are considered drug trafficking.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
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Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Cannabis is classified as a class A (High-risk) drug, together with heroin, cocaine, amphetamines, and MDMA (ecstasy). Until 2004, a loosely defined "personal dose" existed.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
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Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Illegal,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> but this prohibition is lax and enforced opportunistically.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> "Happy" restaurants in cities publicly offer food cooked with marijuana, or as a side garnish.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Yes	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Legal for medicinal purposes since 2001 and for recreational purposes since 17 October 2018. The age to buy or consume cannabis varies by province: 19 in most provinces, 18 in Alberta, and 21 in Quebec.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
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Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Private personal use<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> and recreational cultivation<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> decriminalized. Medicinal cultivation legal with the authorization of The Chilean Agriculture Service (SAG)<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and sale of medication allowed on prescription in pharmacies.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag (PRC)	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Penalty for possession or consumption: 10–15 days' detention without prosecution and a fine.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Decriminalized up to Template:Cvt for personal consumption. Individuals carrying greater amounts, or cultivating up to 20 plants, cannot be prosecuted if the drug is for personal use.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Citation</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Cannabis was legal in Comoros between January 1975 and May 1978, when president Ali Soilih legalized cannabis consumption among other measures.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="French1997">Template:Cite journal</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} A non-binding referendum in August 2022 asked "Should we review our cannabis laws to allow for research and medicinal use?" 62% voted yes.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
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Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Decriminalized since police officers do not detain people for personal use, yet no amount has been defined as a minimum for possession. Use of cannabis is widespread throughout the country.<ref name="nacion1" /><ref name="tcrn" />
Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial<ref name="zakon.hr">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> || Template:Hs Template:Yes || {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Possession of small amounts is considered a misdemeanor subject to fixed fines. Medicinal cannabis legal for patients with illnesses such as cancer, multiple sclerosis, or HIV/AIDS.<ref name="Balkan Insight"/>
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Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Class B substance – life imprisonment is possible for use and maximum 8 years for possession (at the maximum 2 years for the first offense for people under 25).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Possession of under 15 grams (½ oz) has been decriminalised since 1 January 2010.Template:Refn Possession of up to 100g in private and up to 25g in public and cultivation of up to 3 plants will become legal for those aged 21 and over from 1 January 2026. Medicinal use legal and regulated since 2013.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} As with all drugs, cannabis-related offenses are punishable by a fine or imprisonment for up to 2 years.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> Freetown Christiania, a self-declared autonomous community in Copenhagen, is known for its cannabis trade.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
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Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Possession of up to Template:Cvt decriminalized in 2013, but policy was repealed by President Daniel Noboa in 2023.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Illegal since 1925<ref>Template:Citation</ref> but use is widespread. Convictions for personal use are rare.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> Formerly a plant of high status with several documented medicinal uses in ancient times.
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
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Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:Hs Template:Partial	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Up to Template:Cvt is considered an amount for personal use, and is punished with a fine. Large amounts and distribution are criminal offenses punishable with a custodial sentence of up to 5 years.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> Medical cannabis is technically legal, but to get a prescription is an arduous process and is practically never given, with a single patient having received Sativex preparation.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
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Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Despite being the spiritual homeland of the Rastafari movement, possession of cannabis can result in up to six months imprisonment.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Personal use is generally not prosecuted in court but subject to summary fine. Medicinal cannabis possible under a special license since 2006; in 2014, 223 licenses were issued.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:Hs Template:Partial	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Possession up to Template:Cvt entails a €200 fine since November 2018,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> although a judge is still legally able to pronounce a stricter sentence.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Medical use of some cannabinoid drugs legalized in 2013.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Yes	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Yes	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} On 23 February 2024, the German Bundestag passed the Act on the Controlled Use of Cannabis, legalizing possession of Template:Cvt outside the home, Template:Cvt at home, and private cultivation of three plants, for adults 18 and over, since 1 April 2024. Collective, noncommercial cultivation is legal in cultivation associations (i.e. cannabis social clubs) since 1 July 2024.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:Hs Template:Partial	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
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Template:Flag (Kalaallit Nunaat)	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} In 2016 a constitutional commission rejected proposals to legalize medicinal or recreational use of cannabis.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
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Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Possession of Template:Cvt or over can result in charges of drug trafficking.<ref name="stabroeknews1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} The possession, sale, transportation, and cultivation of cannabis is illegal.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Possession, sale, transportation, and cultivation illegal under the Dangerous Drug Ordinance.<ref name="Police.gov.hk">Template:Citation</ref> (Chapter 134 of the Law of Hong Kong)
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:Hs Template:Partial	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} There is no distinction in Hungarian law between illicit drugs according to dangers. Heroin use has the same legal consequences as cannabis use.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Banned in 1969.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Possession of small amounts is subject to arrest and fine but no threat of jail time.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:Hs Template:Partial	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Albeit illegal, usage is prevalent and some government-owned shops sell cannabis in the form of bhang. States have their own laws regarding cannabis, locally known as ganja.
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Banned in 1927.<ref name="Slone2003">Template:Cite book</ref> Minimum sentence of 4 years in prison (additional fines may apply) if caught dealing / distributing. Rehabilitation or maximum sentence of 4 years if caught in possession alone.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Maximum of capital punishment to possess hashish over Template:Cvt<ref name="Afshari2011">Template:Cite book</ref> but unenforced.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
Template:Flag	Template:No<ref name="citizensinformation_ie">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> || Template:Hs Template:Yes || {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} The National Drugs Strategy of 2009–2016 did not favor decriminalizing cannabis.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> A new strategy was planned for 2017.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref> Cannabis-derived medicines may be licensed since 2014.<ref name=kildare>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> A review of policy on medicinal cannabis was announced in November 2016,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> and a private member's bill to legalize it passed second stage in the Dáil in December 2016.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} As of April 2019, public possession of small amounts is a non-criminal offense punished by escalating fines. A third offense can result in criminal charges, however. Possession in the privacy of one's home is not punished.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Possession of small amounts for personal use is a misdemeanor subject to fines and the suspension of documents (passports or driver's licenses). Sale is punishable by imprisonment, even if in small amounts. Licensed cultivation for medicinal and industrial use strictly regulated.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Decriminalized since 2015, and in 2018 the first medical cannabis dispensary opened.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:Hs Template:Partial	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Restricted in 1948.<ref name="ShikitaTsuchiya2012">Template:Cite book</ref> Use and possession are punishable by up to 5 years imprisonment and a fine. Cultivation, sale, and transport are punishable by 7–10 years imprisonment and a fine.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
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Template:Flag (DPRK)	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Cannabis is listed in Appendix 1 Narcotics in the DPRK. Narcotics Control Law (2005) states that narcotics may be used when prescribed.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> There are conflicting reports on the legal status of cannabis in North Korea. Multiple reports from defectors and tourists claim there is no law regarding the possession of cannabis in North Korea or if there is, it is mostly unenforced. However, other reports claim that cannabis is illegal.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:Hs Template:Partial<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Medical use of cannabis was legalized in November 2018. The plant itself, however, remains unavailable due to a policy implemented by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
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Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Possession of up to Template:Cvt can result in a €280 fine; for second offenses within a year period, criminal charges are applied. Larger quantities can be punished with up to 15 years in prison.
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Hashish banned in 1926;<ref name="Clarke1998">Template:Cite book</ref> cultivation banned in 1992.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Large amounts of cannabis are still grown within the country illicitly, however.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> Cultivation of cannabis for medical use was legalized in April 2020.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Licensed cultivation allowed for export to other countries. Also widely grown for illicit purposes.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
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Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Medical cannabis is illegal in Lithuania, but a law allowing seriously ill patients to use drugs made from synthetic cannabinoids was passed by the Seimas on 11 October 2018.
Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Yes	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Decriminalized in 2001.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> Home use and cultivation legal since 21 July 2023.<ref name="lu" /><ref name="law Luxembourg">Template:Cite act</ref>
Template:Flag, SAR of China	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
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Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Illegal but widely used and cultivated; Malawian cannabis is famed internationally for its quality.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Chamba is grown mainly in central and northern regions like Mzuzu.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Mandatory death penalty for convicted drug traffickers, legally defined as individuals possessing more than Template:Cvt of cannabis.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
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Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Yes	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} On 30 March 2021, Prime Minister Robert Abela announced a proposal to legalize possession of up to Template:Cvt and the cultivation of up to 4 plants, and for people charged with possession in the past to have it expunged from their criminal records.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In December 2021, legislation was passed by the Maltese Parliament and signed into law by President George Vella.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
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Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Yes<ref name="mexico062821">Template:Cite news</ref>	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Possession of Template:Cvt was decriminalized in 2009.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2015 the Supreme Court voted 4–1 that prohibiting people from growing the drug for personal use was unconstitutional.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2018 the Supreme Court reaffirmed the ruling and requested that the legislature update the country's laws regarding cannabis.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> After the legislature failed to act, the Supreme Court in 2021 invalidated laws regarding the personal possession and cultivation of cannabis.<ref name="mexico062821" />
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Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Morocco is among the world's top producers of hashish.
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Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Cannabis is illegal; in 2007 the government proposed but declined a 20-year jail sentence for any drug possession.
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Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} All cannabis licenses canceled in 1973.<ref name="Booth2011"/>
Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Personal possession decriminalized and sale allowed only in certain licensed coffeeshops in the continental Netherlands.<ref>Template:Citation</ref><ref>Template:Citation</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Cultivation often tolerated but growers can still have their plants and equipment confiscated<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> and face eviction<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> or cancellation of their mortgage<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> for one single plant.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Zero tolerance policy in the Caribbean Netherlands.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:Hs Template:Yes	Template:See also Banned in 1927.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Possession over Template:Cvt is presumed for supply. Medical use was legalized in 2018.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2020, a referendum to legalize recreational use failed by a 50.7% to 48.4% margin.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
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Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} If one possesses large amounts, a jail sentence of anywhere from 3 months to 5 years may be given.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> Medicinal cannabis legalized since 2016.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}Template:Dead link</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Illegal since 1965. As of 2022, use and possession of up to Template:Cvt are punished with heavy fines and possible loss of driver's license.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Solberg's Cabinet proposed a decriminalization bill in 2021 that would remove all sanctions for illegal drug use, including possession of up to Template:Cvt of cannabis. Six parties (43,8%) voted for, while three parties (56,2%) voted against. As a result, the bill did not pass the parliament.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
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Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:Hs Template:Partial	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Prohibited, but the smoking of hashish in Peshawar and the northern parts of Pakistan tends to be tolerated. One may be sent to jail for up to six months if found with charas in other parts of the country.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> CBD legalized by cabinet announcement in September 2020.<ref name="ExpressTribune" />
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Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} The possession of up to Template:Cvt of cannabis is not punishable.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Possession of up to Template:Cvt is not punished.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Cultivation, production, and sale are punished with 8–15 years in prison.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:Hs Template:Partial	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Medical use of cannabis is possible with a special permit from the Food and Drugs Authority for use by individuals with serious or terminal illness.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Since 2011, prosecutors can choose not to prosecute possession of small quantities of cannabis for personal use if it is a first offense or if the person is drug dependent.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Possession of large quantities of drugs can result in up to 10 years in prison.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} In 2001, Portugal became the first country in the world to decriminalize the use of all drugs.<ref name="Emdrug">Template:Citation</ref>
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Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:Hs Template:Partial	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Small quantities punishable by a large fine for first offenders or 6 months to 2 years in prison if the person has been convicted before. Possession of large amounts or trafficking is punishable by 2–7 years of jail time.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> Decriminalization proposed.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> Limited medical use approved in 2013.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Possession of up to Template:Cvt of cannabis (or Template:Cvt of hashish) is an administrative offense, punishable by a fine of ₽5,000 or detention of up to 15 days. Possession of larger amounts is a criminal offense. Foreign nationals and stateless individuals who violate the law are subject to deportation regardless of the amount.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
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Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:Hs Template:Yes<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> || {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
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Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Use and possession for personal use of any kind of recreational drugs is punishable by imprisonment if caught. Imprisonment for personal use can entail jail time of six months or more. Dealing and smuggling high amounts of drugs usually result in harsher prison time or even execution, although recently executions have been rare. Foreigners who use drugs might be deported.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
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Template:Flag	Template:No<ref>Template:Cite AV media</ref>	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Possession of small amounts is punishable by fine or imprisonment of up to 3 years. Sale and transportation punishable by imprisonment of 3–12 years. Cultivation punishable by imprisonment from 6 months to 5 years. Higher penalties for organized crime.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
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Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Cannabis banned in 1920.<ref name="AkyeampongHill2015">Template:Cite book</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:Hs Template:Partial	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Banned in 1870.<ref name="Bunyapraphatsō̜n1999">Template:Cite book</ref> Cannabis is a Class A drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act, making it illegal to cultivate, sell, or possess. Those who are caught with Template:Cvt of cannabis or more are considered drug traffickers and are liable to be punished with an automatic death penalty.<ref>Template:Citation</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> In rare cases, permission has been granted to use cannabis-derived pharmaceuticals for treatment of epilepsy.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:Hs Template:Partial	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Possession of small amounts punishable by up to 8 years in prison.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="WSJSlovakia">Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	{ Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Medical cannabis legalized in 2025.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Prior to 2025, cannabis-based drugs were legal for medicinal use, but not cannabis itself.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Possession of any drug for personal use is decriminalized.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
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Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Yes	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Private use and cultivation have been legal since September 2018.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
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Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} All actions related to cannabis for own consumption aren't considered criminal offenses,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> but misdemeanors punishable by a fine.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Cannabis trafficking, including sale, import, or cultivation for sale, is punishable by jail time. Legalized in Catalonia in 2017,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> but that law was challenged by the state and declared unconstitutional.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Cultivation in private areas for own consumption is allowed if the plants cannot be seen from the street or other public spaces.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:Hs Template:Yes<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} The sale of cannabis is decriminalized for traditional medicine vendors and it is commonly used in Ayurvedic traditional medicines.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
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Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Cannabis was banned in Suriname in the early 20th century, having been popularized there by Asian immigrants.<ref name="Hoefte1998">Template:Cite book</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} All cannabis-related activity illegal. The national police runs a "disturb and annoy" program aimed at users supported by the national "zero tolerance" policy.<ref>Template:Citation</ref><ref>Template:CitationTemplate:Dead link</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Since 2017, consuming cannabis in Switzerland may result in a fine, but possession of up to Template:Cvt without evidence of consumption is not penalized; and as of 2023, confiscated amounts under this limit must be returned to the individual.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} If someone is considered an addict by the Syrian government then they face no criminal penalties for drug possession.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Cannabis is a schedule 2 narcotic in the ROC, and possession can result in up to 3 years imprisonment.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
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Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Criminalized in 1935, medical use legalized in 2018. Recreational use legalized in 2022 for those aged 20 and over, but recriminalized in 2025.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
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Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Banned in 1925.<ref name="KleinDay2004">Template:Cite book</ref> Decriminalized in 2019.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Banned in 1953.<ref name="Drugs1949">Template:Cite book</ref> Using or possessing entails 1–5 years of imprisonment and 1000–3000 dinars (around $500–1500).<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:Hs Template:Partial	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Medical grade cannabis containing less than 0.3% THC legalized in 2025.<ref>https://www.haberler.com/politika/saglikla-ilgili-kanun-teklifi-tbmm-komisyonunda-kabul-edildi-18815091-haberi/ Sağlıkla İlgili Kanun Teklifi TBMM Komisyonunda Kabul Edildi - Haberler</ref><ref>https://halktv.com.tr/ekonomi/izin-verildi-ama-sadece-eczanelerde-satilacak-953269h İzin verildi ama sadece eczanelerde satılacak</ref> Recreational use is illegal and is punishable by 1 year of probation while repetition is punishable by 2 years of probation and enforced treatment.<ref name="EMCDDATurkey">Template:Citation</ref> Sale and supply is punishable by a prison term of 5–10 years, and production or trafficking by a minimum term of 10 years.<ref name="EMCDDATurkey" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
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Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} In December 2023, Parliament adopted a bill to legalize medical cannabis on second reading.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> It was signed into law by President Zelensky on 15 February 2024.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} In 2008, even the smallest amounts of the drug could lead to a mandatory 4-year prison sentence.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>Template:Update inline
Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Banned in 1928.<ref name="Manning2013">Template:Cite book</ref> A class B drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Limited medical use legal since 1 November 2018<ref name="BBC News2">Template:Cite news</ref> when prescribed by a specialist consultant, not a GP. Guidance: only prescribe when clearly beneficial and no other option available.<ref name="BBC News1" />
Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Partial	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also Cannabis remains a Schedule I drug at federal level, prohibiting even its medical use with narrow exceptions. The Rohrabacher–Farr amendment prevents federal enforcement in states that have legalized medical, however. No such protections exist regarding recreational, but the federal government has so far generally not intervened. Recognized Indian reservations are allowed to legalize for either use under a policy announced in 2014.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Every U.S. state that has legalized recreational use has set a mandatory legal minimum age of 21 for purchase, possession, and use.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2024, the Drug Enforcement Administration and the Department of Justice indicated they were planning to reschedule cannabis to Schedule III.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:Hs Template:Yes	Template:Hs Template:Yes	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Legal since late 2013.<ref name="erowid-SA">Template:Citation</ref> Buyers must be eighteen or older, residents of Uruguay, and must register with the authorities. Authorities grow the cannabis that can be sold legally.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Non-profit Cannabis Clubs can also operate.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The minimum age to purchase or obtain cannabis in Uruguay is 18.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Opiates, cannabis and other plants containing psychotropic substances are illegal.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
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Template:Flag	Template:No	Template:No	labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Possession of up to Template:Cvt of marijuana or Template:Cvt of genetically modified marijuana for commercial purposes is punishable by 1–2 years in prison at judge's discretion. If deemed to be for personal consumption, the user is subject to security measures involving rehabilitation and detoxification procedures.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
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Country/Territory	Recreational	Medical	Notes