Leutnant

Template:Short description Template:For Template:Italic title Template:Lang (Template:IPA) is the lowest junior officer rank in the armed forces of Germany (Bundeswehr), the Austrian Armed Forces, and the military of Switzerland.

History

Template:Refimprove The German noun (with the meaning "Template:Lang" (in English "deputy") from Middle High German «locum tenens» Template:Lang (in English "place holder") was derived from the French word Template:Lang about 1500. In most German-speaking armies it is the lowest officer rank (in German-speaking navies Template:Lang (English "Lieutenant at sea")). In the German Bundeswehr the ranks Template:Lang and Template:Lang belong to the Template:Lang rank group. In some other armed forces (such as the former National People's Army) there is the lower grade of Unterleutnant.

From about 1500 until the middle of the 17th century the designation of Template:Lang was commonly used for any deputy to a commanding officer. So at the army level there was the appointment of Template:Lang (English "lieutenant-general"), at the regimental level there was that of Template:Lang (English "lieutenant-colonel"), and at the company level the Template:Lang was deputy to a Template:Lang (English "captain").

With the formation of standing armies in the second half of the 17th century, the term commonly came to designate the rank of the least senior commissioned officer.

In the 18th and 19th century, at the unit level several Template:Lang served as platoon leaders. At that time the ranks of Template:Lang and Template:Lang came into existence. With effect from January 1, 1899, in the German Empire these ranks were renamed as Template:Lang and Template:Lang.<ref>BROCKHAUS, The encyclopedia in 24 volumes (1796–2001), Volume 13: 3-7653-3673-4, page 354; definition: «Leutnant».</ref>

Austria

In Austria the Template:Lang (short: Lt) is the second lowest commissioned officer rank. Mandatory to be promoted to that rank is a six terms course of high school studies (until August 2008 eight terms) with 180 ECTS points on the Theresian Military Academy in the Wiener Neustadt. The studies are focused on "Military Command and Control" (C2) and the academy-leaver graduate to Bachelor.

The career in the Militia is structured in a different way. Here the modular education comprises the so-called one-year volunteer year (de: Template:Lang [EF]<ref>Langenscheidt's Encyclopaedic Dictionary of the English and German language: "Der Große Murat-Sander", Part II German-English First Volume A–K, 9th edition 2002, p. 449</ref>) as well as several courses, seminars, and exercises with a final aptitude test. After an overall service time of five years the promotion to «Leutnant» is possible.

Moreover, the appointment designation Template:Lang is possible for leading officials (E1) of the Austrian executive, e.g. the Austrian Federal Police (ge: Template:Lang) and prison authority personnel (de: Template:Lang).

Austro-Hungarian Army

Template:Main

Until 1918 Template:Lang (Template:Langx) was in the Austria-Hungarian Army the lowest CO-rank as well, equivalent to Template:Lang.

Leutnant rank insignias of the k.u.k. Army
Description			Rank	Insignia
German	Hungarian	English	class	Army	Mountain infantry
Low grade officers
Leutnant also: Assistenz-Arzt Leutnant-Rechnungsführer	Hadnagy	Second lieutenant	check\|unknown=\|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"\|ignoreblank=y\| 1 \| style }}	File:K.u.k. Leutnant orangegelbe Eaglisierung.png	File:Leutnant k.k. Gebirgstruppe 1907-18.png

Germany

Template:Infobox military rank The rank of Template:Lang has been used in the German armed forces since 1899.

Bundeswehr

Template:Main Template:See also

In the Template:Lang today, a Template:Lang will be normally appointed as platoon leader. However, the rank of Template:Lang might also be held while a junior officer is studying at the University of the German Federal Armed Forces or at another training or education establishment. The Template:Lang of the Template:Lang belongs to the "Template:Lang rank group" (also: subaltern officer rank group).

Rank

In Germany, Template:Lang (short.: Lt / on lists also: L) is the designation of a soldier of the lowest officer rank. The equivalent in the German Navy (Template:Lang) is the Template:Lang. Template:Clear

Rank insignias Leutnant» / Leutnant zur See (OF-1)
File:Bundeswehr Logo Heer with lettering.svg				File:Bundeswehr Logo Luftwaffe with lettering.svg			File:Bundeswehr Logo Marine with lettering.svg
File:HD H 41 Leutnant FschJg.svg	File:211-Leutnant.png	File:215-Leutnant-dR.png	File:SanH 211-Leutnant-SanOA-(Veterinärmedizin).png	File:LD B 41 Leutnant.svg	File:LA OS5 41 Leutnant.svg	File:LA OS5 41 Leutnant SanOA ZM L.svg	File:MDS 41 Leutnant zur See Trp.svg	File:MDS 41a Leutnant zur See SanOA San HM L.svg	File:MDJA 41 Leutnant zur See Trp Lu.svg	File:MA OG5 41 Leutnant zur See.svg
Uniform (basic version Jägertruppe)	Field uniform (Jägertruppe)	Field uniform (Reservist Logistik)	Field uniform (SanOA (vet.))	Uniform (basic version)	Field uniform	Field uniform (Lw SanOA (dent.))	Shoulder board	Shoulder board (SanOA (hum.))	Cuff title	Mounting loop

Soldiers with that particular rank, are mandated and authorized to provide military orders as to the so-called Superior-subordinate relations to private ranks (de: Mannschaften), NCOs without port épée (de: Unteroffiziere ohne port épée), as well as to Senior NCOs with port épée (de: Unteroffizier mit port épée).

junior Rank
Template:Lang

File:Bundeswehr Logo Heer with lettering.svg File:Bundeswehr Logo Luftwaffe with lettering.svg

(German officer rank)
Template:Lang

senior Rank
Template:Lang

National People's Army

Template:Main

In the GDR National People's Army (NPA) the rank Template:Lang was the second lowest commissioned offer (CO) rank until 1990. This was in reference to Soviet military doctrine and in line with other armed forces of the Warsaw Pact.

The equivalent rank of the Template:Lang (en: GDR Navy) was the Template:Lang, often called simply Template:Lang for short. In reference to the Soviet armed forces and to other armed forces of the Warsaw pact Template:Lang was the second lowest officer rank until 1990.

Junior Rank
Template:Lang

File:Flag of NVA (East Germany).svg
National People's Army rank
Template:Lang
(Leutnant zur See)

Senior Rank
Template:Lang

Rank insignias Leutnant / Leutnant zur See (OF-1)
File:Emblem of the Ground Forces of NVA (East Germany).svg Land forces	File:Emblem of aircraft of NVA (East Germany).svg Air Force	File:Vehicle roundel of Border Troops of GDR.svg GDR Border troops	File:Flag of warships of VM (East Germany).svg Volksmarine
N/A	File:GDR Air Force OF-1b Leutnant.gif	File:GDR Border Troops OF1b Leutnant.jpg	File:OF-1b Leutnant zur See VM.png	File:OF-1b Leutnant zur See VM, Ärmelstreifen.png
Leutnant			Leutnant zur See