Lewis White Beck

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Template:Short description Template:Use American English Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox philosopher Lewis White Beck (September 26, 1913 – June 7, 1997) was an American philosopher and scholar of German philosophy specializing in German idealism at the University of Rochester. As Chairman of the Department of Philosophy, he achieved international recognition for encouraging collaborative research by scholars within the United States and Germany into the philosophy of Immanuel Kant during the post World War II era. Beck also translated several of Kant's works from German, including the Critique of Practical Reason, and authored Studies in the Philosophy of Kant (1965).

Biography

Early life

Born in Griffin, Georgia, Beck was the youngest of four children in a family raised by Erasmus W. Beck and Ann H. Beck. His siblings included: Evelyn H. Beck , Edwin H. Beck and Sarah A Beck. His father was employed as both an engineer and a sales representative.<ref name="Hull2013">Template:Cite book</ref>

In his youth, Beck exhibited a natural talent for philosophical discourse and repeatedly raised questions related to the famous "Scopes Monkey Trial". Much to his delight, he was formally introduced to the subject of philosophy by his sister who provided him with a copy of Will Durant's The Story of Philosophy at the age of fourteen. This subsequently inspired him to investigate the scientific writings of Thomas Henry Huxley and to acquire employment as a "lab assistant" while enrolled in high school.<ref name="Karnos"/>

Beck's passion for dabbling in the synthesis of organic compounds after hours attracted the attention of his mentors and he was excused from studying introductory chemistry courses upon being enrolled at Emory University. Beck's performance in the quantitative chemistry lab was hindered, however, by an undiagnosed case of color blindness which he successfully concealed. Nevertheless, his perseverance was rewarded and by the conclusion of his junior year he was honored with an unusual admission to an honorary fraternity for chemists. <ref name="Karnos"/>

Beck already suspected that his affliction might prove to be a dangerous hindrance to his aspiration of becoming a professional chemist. The fates intervened, however, as Beck soon attended a philosophical lecture by Leroy Loemker on "The Limits of Scientific Concepts" which was based upon the writings of Heinrich Rickert and Ernst Cassirer. Beck was captivated by the prospect of conducting "gedankenexperiments" without toiling in a dangerous laboratory. He immediately convinced Loemker to take on the monumental task of tutoring him in philosophy during his junior year so that he could change his major before graduating. One year later, Beck entered graduate school and remained forever grateful to Loemker for his guidance and personal interest in Beck's aspiration to join the ranks of "philosophic workmen". <ref name="Karnos">Falling in Love With Wisdom Karnos, David D. Shoemaker, Robert G. Eds. Oxford University Press, New York, 1993 pp. 13-15 "How I became Almost A Philosopher" by Lewis White Beck on Google Books</ref>

Beck received his bachelor's degree Phi Beta Kappa from Emory University in 1934, his master's degree from Duke University in 1935, and his doctoral degree from Duke University in 1937. His dissertation was entitled: "Synopsis: A Study in the Theory of Knowledge.<ref name="Hull2013"/>

Academic career

Before moving to Rochester, Beck was an international student and a Rosenwald Fund Fellow at the University of Berlin (1937–38; an interview about his experiences there appeared in The Atlanta Constitution, September 18, 1938),<ref>The Atlanta Constitution. September 18, 1938 p. 44 Lewis Beck on Atlanta Journal Constitution Archive at ajc.newspapers.com</ref> an instructor at Emory University (1938–41),<ref>The Atlanta Constitution. July 25, 1941 p. 25 Lewis White Beck on The Atlanta Journal Constitution Archive at ajc.newspapers.com</ref> Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Delaware (1941–48),<ref name="UDelLSCR">Template:Cite web</ref> and associate professor at Lehigh University (1946–48), eventually becoming professor (1948–49).<ref name="Meerbote1997">Template:Cite journal</ref>

The Rush Rhees Library at University of Rochester

Beck joined the faculty at the University of Rochester in 1949 and served as Chairman of its Department of Philosophy from 1949 to 1966. He also served as Associate Dean of the Graduate School (1952-1956) as well as the Dean of the Graduate School (1956–1957) where he helped to raise international recognition for the PhD. program in Philosophy.<ref name="RCL2022">Template:Cite web</ref> During this time he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in the field of Philosophy (1957).<ref name="JSGMF">Template:Cite web</ref> He is credited with assisting his colleague Colin Murray Turbayne in his work The Myth of Metaphor (1962).<ref>The Myth of Metaphor. Turbayne, Colin Murray. Yale University Press London (1962) pp. 7 Introduction on hathitrust.org</ref> Subsequently, he collaborated with his colleague Robert L. Holmes in the publication of a comprehensive introduction to the study of philosophy, Philosophical Inquiry: An Introduction to Philosophy (1968)).<ref name="Prentice-Hall">Template:Cite book</ref> In 1970 he also collaborated with the Kantian scholar Gottfried Martin at the University of Bonn to organize the first International Kant Congress to be hosted in the United States and helped to established an enduring close collaboration between Kantian scholars in both Germany and America.<ref name="Seebohm 1997">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

In 1962 he was appointed as the Burbank Professor of Moral and Intellectual Philosophy and subsequently Professor Emeritus in 1979.<ref name="Hull2013"/><ref name="Meerbote1997"/> In 1962 he became the first recipient of the University's Edward Peck Curtis Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching.<ref name="RCL2022"/> He was subsequently elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1963 and the American Council of Learned Societies in 1964.<ref name=AAAS>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Meerbote1997"/><ref name="ACLS20220322">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="AAAS20230210">Template:Cite web</ref> From 1970 to 1975, Beck also served on the National Endowment for the Humanities Council.<ref name="UR19970612">Template:Cite web</ref> During this time he also served as a member of the board of directors for the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1970–1978).<ref name="UR19970612"/><ref>Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association, Vol. 71, No. 5 (May, 1998), " Memorial Minutes: Lewis White Beck 1913-1997 pp. 135-136 Lewis White Beck on JSTOR.org</ref> In addition, he was a President of the Eastern Division of the American Philosophical Association.<ref>Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association, Vol. 71, No. 5 (May, 1998), " Memorial Minutes: Lewis White Beck 1913-1997 pp. 135-136 Lewis White Beck on JSTOR.org</ref>

During the course of his long academic career, Beck also held appointments as a visiting lecturer at several leading academic research centers including: Columbia University (1950), George Washington University, the University of Minnesota (1953), the University of California at Berkeley (1973), Yale University (1974) and the Rochester Institute of Technology (1982–1983). In addition, he received honorary degrees from Hamilton College, Emory University and the University of Tubingen.<ref name="Meerbote1997"/><ref name="Hull2013"/><ref name="UR19970612"/><ref>Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association, Vol. 71, No. 5 (May, 1998), " Memorial Minutes: Lewis White Beck 1913-1997 pp. 135-136 Lewis White Beck on JSTOR.org</ref>

In addition to his teaching activities, Beck also served on the editorial board of several leading philosophical research journals including: the Journal of the History of Ideas and Kantian-Studien. Over the years he also served on the editorial board of the journal The Monist which also featured his work.<ref>Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. "Recent Publications" Vol 22, No. 3 (March 1962) pp. 443–447 "The Monist – editor Lewis White Beck" on jstor.org</ref><ref>The Monist publisher of works by Lewis White Beck on JSTOR.org</ref><ref>The Monist "Introduction and Bibliography" Lewis White Beck. Volume 53, issue 4, 1 October 1969 p. 523-531 Lewis White Beck on academic.oup.com</ref> His original research into the philosophy of Immanuel Kant was also published within the authoritative journal Kant-Studien in both the German and English languages.<ref>Publications in the journal Kant-Studien by Lewis White Beck on (Veröffentlichungen in der Zeitschrift Kant-Studien von Lewis White Beck an) degruyterbrill.com</ref> In addition, in 1970 he served as editor of the Proceedings of the Third International Kant Congress.<ref name="Shook20160211">Template:Cite book</ref> In 1985 he also contributed to the formation of the North American Kantian Society.<ref name="Meerbote1997"/>

Over the years, Beck was praised by his students for his charm and wit. Even after his formal retirement in 1979 he continued to meet with informal gatherings of aspiring young scholars in an effort to share his unique insights into Kant's works until 1996.<ref name="Meerbote1997"/> Always humble, Beck was often observed to joke that his prize for an award in teaching excellence was rejected as "nontaxable" by the Internal Revenue Service because it was more appropriately categorized as "unearned" income.<ref name="RCL2022"/>

Academic works

Immanuel Kant

Beck is most noted for his research into the collective writings of the German philosopher Immanuel Kant. Included among his publications is a translation of Kant's extensive "Critique of Pure Reason" in 1949.<ref name="Meerbote1997"/> He also achieved widespread national and international recognition within academic circles for his scholarship, commentary and encyclopedic knowledge of Kant's philosophical works.<ref name="Meerbote1997"/><ref name="Shook20160211"/><ref name="ShookHull2005">Template:Cite book</ref> His comprehensive work, A Commentary on Kant's Critique of Practical Reason (1960) was praised by Professor A. R. C. Duncan at Queen's University as "an unquestionably first-rate piece of Kantian scholarship which ranks along with the great German, French, and British commentaries on Kant."<ref>The Philosophical Review, Vol. 70, No. 4 (Oct. 1961) pp. 560-562 Duke University Press "A Commentary on Kant's Critique of Practical Reason" . Book review by A. R. C. Duncan https://www.jstor.org/stable/2183616 on JSTOR.org</ref> In addition, he has been cited in Kant-Studien as one of the first scholars in the Anglo-Saxon tradition to compile a comprehensive review of early German philosophy before Kant and clarifying Kant's work within such a historical context.<ref name="Seebohm 1997"/>

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In the course of his exhaustive commentaries, Beck shared several noteworthy insights into Kant's philosophical thoughts. While revisiting Kant's distinction between "analytic" and "synthetic" truths and his concept of the "synthetic a priori", Beck attempted to clarify Kant's reasoning by exploring whether synthetic judgements should be made analytic, as well as whether Kant incorrectly identified some "contingent judgements" as "necessary judgements". He further observed that Kant's utilization of the term "synthetic" appears to convey different meanings in Kant's writings on transcendental logic as compared to his writings on the theory of general logic. Beck observed further that this divergence in meaning accounts for the unfortunate confusion in the minds of many students who explore translations of Kant's works from the original German into English.<ref name="Shook20160211"/><ref name="Cicovacki2001">Template:Cite book</ref>

Beck also asserted that Kant's Critique of Practical Reason has been largely neglected by modern readers and sometimes supplanted in the minds of many scholars by the Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals. He claimed that a complete understanding of Kant's moral philosophy is most easily attained by reviewing Kant's "second critique" which puts forth an analysis of the concepts of both freedom and practical reason. In his A Commentary on Kant's Critique of Practical Reason (1961) Beck asserts that Kant's "second critique" serves to weave these divers strands into a unified pattern for his theory on moral authority in general.<ref name="Shook20160211"/><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>A Commentary on Kant's Critique of Practical Reason Beck, Lewis White. The University of Chicago Press, London, 1960, p. v–viii (Foreword) on archive.org</ref>

In addition, Beck argues that Kant revised his initial resolution of the antimony between the two concepts of freedom and determinism which was first presented in the Critique of Pure Reason. In Beck's view, this revision emerges in Kant's resolution of the "Antimony of Teleological Judgment" which is presented in his "third critique", the Critique of the Power of Judgment (1790). <ref>"Lewis White Beck On Reasons and Causes", Guyer, Paul. Journal on the History of Ideas July, 2002 63 (3) p. 539-548 Lewis White Beck on researchgate.net</ref>

Beck also traced the development of the "antimony of pure reason," which Kant described as "the most singular phenomenon of human reason." Beck observed that Kant's development of the "antiinomy" may have been influenced by its use in jurisprudence, biblical exegesis, and the antinomic mode of argument employed by the Greek philosopher Zeno. Such a "skeptical method" avoids the objective of resolving a conflict between opposing assertions by favoring one assertion over another. Instead, it emphasizes an investigation into whether the object of the controversy itself is deceptive in nature. Beck cites the second chapter of the Transcendental Dialectic in the Critique of Pure Reason to argue that Kant's development of the antimony played a central role in his effort, "to dispel the illusion that pure reason can give knowledge of what lies beyond the limits of sensory perception" while asserting that "the world we experience is not and does not contain a thing in itself but is only phenomenal." He then traces the influence of Kant's antimonies on the works of later philosophers including Charles Renouvier and Nicolai Hartmann.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite book</ref>

Secular philosophy

In his Six Secular Philosophers (1966, Rev. 1997), Beck also endeavored to explore the general characteristics of a secular philosophy and whether such a philosophy can be formulated to accommodate religious beliefs and values. Beck observed that while an exact or precise conceptualization of a secular philosophy might be elusive, a secular philosophy is likely to require an appeal to an independence of thought. In Beck's view it should also incorporate certain aspects of religious thought as well. With this in mind, Beck identified several "families" of secular philosophers. In his first group Beck calls our attention to philosophers who placed limits on the scope, validity and content of religious belief by an appeal to scientific and philosophic endeavors. He identifies Baruch Spinoza, David Hume and Kant in this grouping. In his second grouping, Beck identified Friedrich Nietzsche, William James and George Santayana, each of whom explored the relationship of religious values in general to other values in life. Beck asserted that Kant ultimately could not embrace Spinoza's embrace of substance or his appeal to monism. According to Beck, Kant agreed instead with Hume that a scientific interpretation of nature cannot serve by itself to confirm religious belief. According to Beck, Kant also parted ways with Hume, however, by insisting that a different rational basis for religious thought can be found in mankind's moral consciousness.<ref name="Shook20160211"/><ref name="ShookHull2005"/><ref name="Cicovacki2001"/>

Humanism and Science

In his book The Actor and the Spectator (1975), Beck embarked upon an attempt to "contrast and assess" the two accounts of human nature which are sometimes put forth by spectators of mankind's behavior: scientists and humanists. In Beck's view, the former are generally inclined to regard man as little more that a "cog in the machinery of the world" as described in the philosophy of mechanism, while the latter frequently characterize him as an "autonomous and self-creating" being. While Beck hints at being sympathetic to the humanistic interpretation, he is also careful to avoid any temptation to rebuke the scientific interpretation through the use of argumentation. Rather than advancing an "argument" in support of the truth or falsehood of the scientific interpretation, Beck patiently offers a reductio ad absurdum criticism and reminds his readers that no rationale argument could in theory be formulated to prove the veracity of such a "machine theory" since it is by its very nature "self-stulify". Stated otherwise, if the theory is in fact true, there can be no reason to uphold a belief in its veracity since in a community of machines all questions about reasoning could never arise in the first place. Reasoners cannot act intelligibly by regarding themselves as machines. As Beck diplomatically reminds his readers: "If you believe that you are not a machine, but that I am (then) I do not know why you are reading this book". He further suggests that while Skinnerian Behaviorism may serve as a rich model for psychology, it could readily be improved by including a "self-exemption clause". Beck also embarks upon an exploration of several topics in his book including the nature of thought, human behavior and the nature of free will. <ref>The Philosophical Quarterly (1950-), Vol. 27, No. 107 (Apr., 1977), Oxford University Press for the Scots Philosophical Association and the University of St. Andrews pp. 185-186 The Actor and the Spectator by Lewis White Beck, book reviewed by Mary Midgley on JSTOR.org</ref><ref> The Philosophical Review, Duke University Press on behalf of Philosophical Review Jul., 1977, Vol. 86, No. 3 (Jul., 1977), pp. 418-421 The Actor and the Spectator by Lewis Beck, book reviewed by Stephen Griffith on JSTOR.org</ref>

Additional interests

Beck's scholarly publications also reflect his interest in philosophical topics which are not prima facia directly related to the works of Immanuel Kant. In 1966 he published a detailed philosophical examination of the characteristics of mankind's conscious and unconscious motives entitled Conscious and Unconscious Motives.<ref>Mind – A Quarterly Review of Psychology and Philosophy -"Conscious and Unconscious Motives". Beck, Lewis White. Oxford University Press, Vol LXXV No. 298, April, 1966 pp. 155–179 on JSTOR</ref> In 1968, he also collaborated with his colleague Robert L. Holmes at the University of Rochester in the book Philosophic Inquiry: An Introduction to Philosophy.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Years later in 1971, he also presented his insights into the topic of searching for extraterrestrial life for the sixty-eighth annual Eastern Meeting of the American Philosophical Association in New York City in a paper which he entitled Extraterrestrial Intelligent Life.<ref>Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association – "Extraterrestrial Intelligent Life",. Beck, Lewis White. Vol 45 (1971–1972) pp. 5–21 on JSTOR</ref><ref>Extaterrestrials: Science and Alien Intelligence Regis Jr., Edward. Ed. Cambridge University Press, New York 1985 ISBN 0 521 26227 5 "Extraterrestrial Intelligent Life" by Lewis White Beck: President of the Eastern Division of the American Philosophical Association address pp. 3-18 on Google Books</ref>

In the later work, Beck traces the evolution of philosophical speculation concerning the presence of intelligent extraterrestrial life forms starting with the ancient writings of Lucretius, Plutarch and Aristotle, to the contributions made by Copernicus and culminating in the modern age within the works Darwin, Immanuel Kant, William Whewell and Marx.<ref>Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association – "Extraterrestrial Intelligent Life",. Beck, Lewis White. Vol 45 (1971–1972) pp. 5–12 on JSTOR</ref> He argues that our ancestors in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were plagued by a profound pessimism over the decline of the natural world due to mankind's sinfulness and consequently sought redemption by searching for the presence of "higher beings" within the universe.<ref>Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association – "Extraterrestrial Intelligent Life",. Beck, Lewis White. Vol 45 (1971–1972) pp. 18–19 on JSTOR</ref> Similarly, in modern times, mankind's despair and technological shock is due in part to his pollution of the natural world and in part due to repeated failures of moral belief.<ref>Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association – "Extraterrestrial Intelligent Life",. Beck, Lewis White. Vol 45 (1971–1972) pp. 19–20 on JSTOR</ref> He argues further that deeply seated religious, philosophical and existential beliefs are serving to perpetuate the comforting archetypal idea that mankind is not alone in the universe. Beck concludes on an optimistic note, however, by suggesting that while the quest for other or superior forms of life in the universe may not prove successful, it may yield beneficial consequences by assisting mankind in the actualization of better ways of life here on Earth.<ref>Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association – "Extraterrestrial Intelligent Life",. Beck, Lewis White. Vol 45 (1971–1972) pp. 18–20 on JSTOR</ref><ref>Extaterrestrials: Science and Alien Intelligence Regis Jr., Edward. Ed. Cambridge University Press, New York 1985 ISBN 0 521 26227 5 "Extraterrestrial Intelligent Life" by Lewis White Beck pp. 3-18 on Google Books</ref>

Beck was also intrigued by the concept of "man as a creator". His analysis of the history of philosophy within the Western tradition, traces the dynamic interaction of Kant's idea of the "land of truth", in which man's creativity evolves within the context of his search for knowledge, with the creative idea of an "unknowable beyond", which was first cultivated by philosophers of the ancient world. In Beck's view, the Platonic idea of a creative yet hidden ultimate reality now functions as a more dominant paradigm in the form of a nervus probandi within our modern systems of thought and ethical values. He notes that three responses to such a paradigm shift have emerged. In the first, philosophers deny the existence of such a transcendent "unknowable beyond" by asserting that it is merely the product of human imagination which can be easily dismissed. As examples, Beck cites the works of Karl Marx, Friedrich Nietzsche, and various positivistic scholars. The second possible response has been adopted by scholars who accept that such a hidden reality exists and that it can be known through either philosophical reasoning, mystical insight or a combination of both. As examples, Beck points to the works of both Plato and Georg Hegel. Lastly, Beck observes yet a third response incorporates the assertion that such an "unknowable beyond" may exist but that mankind is "indefeasibly" ignorant of it. Beck argues that Thomas Acquinas, Blaise Pascal, Søren Kierkegaard, William James and Immanuel Kant all adopt variations on this theme In this view, man is a creator of order only within narrow limits and cannot acquire definitive knowledge of the "unknowable beyond." Nevertheless, such a realm is clearly of paramount existential importance. Therefore, instead of professing "knowledge" of its existence, mankind is advised to knowingly acknowledge his ignorance and affirm its existence purely as an act of faith.<ref>Kant's Legacy: Essays in Honor of Lewis White Beck. Predrag Cicovacki, Ed. University of Rochester Press (2001) Introduction: Man as a Creator pp. xvii-xxvi ISBN 1-58046-053-4 on Google Books</ref> Beck himself seems partial to this view when he gently reminds his readers that:

"It is not my place to tell you whether there is indefeasible ignorance of ultimate reality. I am ignorant of whether there is or is not. But you should think of these things because there are no things more important, though there are no questions more difficult or less answerable. But one's whole life may be changed if one changes his mind about these questions."<ref>Kant's Legacy: Essays in Honor of Lewis White Beck. Predrag Cicovacki, Ed. University of Rochester Press (2001) Introduction p. XXV ISBN 1-58046-053-4 on Google Books</ref>

An additional central theme which emerges in several of Beck's philosophical writings is the importance of recognizing the distinction between a causal explanation of both natural events and human behavior, as contrasted with a rational explanation or justification of human actions. In Beck's view, these constitute two entirely different perspectives on essentially the same subject matter. Consequently, neither view can claim to be metaphysically superior in its nature when compared to the alternate view. Stated more simply, causal explanations of human behavior when considered on one hand and rational assessments of actions when considered on the other hand, are rendered compatible with each other only by the recognition that they represent a regulative ideal in mankind's conduct of inquiry. In short, Beck's resolution of the apparent incompatibility of these two ideals illustrates the profound influence of Kant's work on his own philosophical perspective. <ref>"Lewis White Beck On Reasons and Causes", Guyer, Paul. Journal on the History of Ideas July, 2002 63 (3) p. 539-548 Lewis White Beck on researchgate.net</ref><ref>The Philosophical Quarterly Yale University Press, Vol. 27, No. 107, April 1977, pp. 185-186 "Book Reviews- The Actor and the Spectator. by Lewis White Beck" reviewer: Mary Midgley on Oxford Academic</ref>

Honours

In addition to receiving fellowships from the Rosenwald Fund in 1937,<ref>The Atlanta Constitution. September 18, 1938 p. 44 Lewis Beck on Atlanta Journal Constitution Archive at ajc.newspapers.com</ref> the Guggenheim Foundation in 1957,<ref name="JSGMF"/> the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1963,<ref name="AAAS20230210"/> and the American Council of Learned Societies in 1964,<ref name="ACLS20220322"/> Beck was the first recipient of the University Of Rochester's Edward Peck Curtis Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching in 1962.<ref name="RCL2022"/>

In addition, Beck was the recipient of several honorary degrees from several leading scholarly institutions, including Hamilton College, Emory University, and the University of Tubingen.<ref name="Meerbote1997"/><ref name="Hull2013"/> He was also an honorary member of the Kant Society in Germany.<ref name="Seebohm 1997"/>

In 2001 Beck was honored by several prominent scholars and the philosopher Predrag Cicovaki with the publication of Kant's Legacy: Essays in Honor of Lewis White Beck. The leading scholar of German philosophy Walter Kaufmann also paid special tribute to Beck's scholarship in his work Goethe, Kant and Hegel in 1980.<ref name="ShookHull2005"/><ref name="Cicovacki2001"/>

Death

Beck retired in 1979 and died in 1997 at age 83 in Rochester, New York.<ref name="Meerbote1997"/> He was survived by his wife Caroline as well as his two sons Brandon and Hamilton along with two grandsons.<ref>"In Memoriam Lewis White Beck (1913–1997)" Meerbote, Ralph.Kantian Review Cambridge University Press, Vol. 1, 1997 p. 186-187 on Cambridge.org</ref>

Selected publications

Template:External mediaTemplate:External media During his long academic career, Lewis White Beck published several books and numerous scholarly articles which include the following works.<ref>Publications by Lewis White Beck on worldcat.org</ref><ref>Lewis White Beck's publications on the philosophical journal Kantian Review on cambridge.org</ref><Ref>Lewis White Beck's publications on openlibrary.org</ref><ref>Lewis White Beck's publications on Google Scholar</ref>

Books

Journal articles

Translations

Archived works

  • The Lewis White Beck Papers collection was gifted to the University of Rochester for archival purposes by Professor Beck in 1960, 1965, 1969 and 1975. The manuscripts and notes contained within the collection are accessible to scholars and research students within the University of Rochester's Rare Books and Special Collections Library upon request.<ref>University of Rochester – Rare Books and Special Collections Library Identifier A.B39 Lewis White Beck Papers on archives.lib.rochester.edu</ref>
  • The Lewis White Beck manuscripts of Immanuel Kant's Critique of Practical Reason and Other Writings in Moral Philosophy Collection at the University of Delaware contains various drafts, galley proofs, page proofs and the published edition of Professor Beck's translations and editing of Immanuel Kant's work as completed during his tenure at Delaware University from 1943 to 1948 and is open both to researchers and scholars.<ref name="UDelLSCR"/>

Professional affiliations

Lewis White Beck was both an active member and a member emeritus of the American Philosophical Association.<ref>Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association: Membership List Vol 70, No 2 (Nov. 1996) p. 278 Lewis White Beck on jstor.org</ref> He served as President of the American Philosophical Association- Eastern Division in 1971 as well as the chairman of its board of officers (1974–1977). He also served as the president of the North East Society for 18th Century Studies in 1974.<ref name="UR19970612"/>

See also

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References

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