Ligroin
Template:Short description Template:Chembox Ligroin is a petroleum. The fraction is also called heavy naphtha.<ref>Template:Citation</ref><ref>"Chemistry of Hazardous Materials, Third Edition", Meyer, E., Prentice Hall, 1998, page 458.</ref> These may be called light naphtha.<ref name="phenix">Template:Citation</ref>
The name ligroin (or ligroine or ligroïne) appeared as early as 1866.<ref group=note>The name "ligroin" was coined in the United States:
- Template:Cite book From p. 349: "Ligroine; der in Amerika erfundene Name für einen der flüchtigeren Teile des rohen Petroleums, … " (Ligroin: the name that was coined in America for one of the more volatile parts of crude petroleum, … )
Early use in English:
- Template:Cite journal From p. 389: "Dr. Van der Weyde then exhibited some samples of the products of distillation of tar, and a safety-lamp for burning the lighter hydro-carbons, which is mainly a reproduction of the "Ligroine" lamp invented and put into the market first by C. Schreiber in Munich (Bavaria), and described in the March number of Dingler's Polytechnic Journal."
- See also: Template:Cite journal
Early use in German:
- Template:Cite journal From p. 474: "Das einzige Gefährliche ist die Aufbewahrung des Leuchtstoffes, der sogenannten Li-gro-ine selbst. Diese Naphta oder Li-gro-ine muß, wenn in großen Quantitäten vorhanden, in wohl verschlossenen Gefäßen aufbewahrt werden." (The one danger is the storage of the lamp fuel, the so-called "ligroin" itself. This naphtha or "ligroin" must, if present in large quantities, be stored in well sealed containers.)</ref>
Use as fuel
Ligroin was used to refuel the world's first production automobile, the Benz Patent-Motorwagen, on a long distance journey between Mannheim and Pforzheim. Bertha Benz added ligroin to the vehicle at a pharmacy in Wiesloch, making it the first filling station in history.
The first functional diesel engine could also run on ligroin.<ref>Rudolf Diesel: Die Entstehung des Dieselmotors, Springer, Berlin 1913, Template:ISBN. p. 110</ref>