List of Armenian monarchs
Template:Short description Template:Infobox former monarchy This is a list of the monarchs of Armenia, rulers of the ancient Kingdom of Armenia (336 BC – AD 428), the medieval Kingdom of Armenia (884–1045), various lesser Armenian kingdoms (908–1170), and finally the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (1198–1375). The list also includes prominent vassal princes and lords who ruled during times without an Armenian kingdom, as well as later claimants to the position.
Ancient Armenia (521 BC – AD 428)
Early satraps (521–401 BC)
- Hydarnes I, satrap in the late 6th century BC?,<ref name=":0"/> granted Armenia by the Achaemenid king Darius I as a semi-hereditary satrapy<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref>
- Hydarnes II, satrap in the early 5th century BC?
- Hydarnes III, satrap in the middle of the 5th century BC<ref name=":0"/>
- Terituchmes, satrap in the second half of the 5th century BC<ref name=":0"/>
Orontid dynasty (401–200 BC)
| Portrait | Name | Reign | Succession | Life details |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:Orontes I portrait.jpg | Orontes I |
Template:Circa 401–344 BC (satrap) (c. 57 years) |
Made satrap of Armenia under the Achaemenid king Artaxerxes II. Governed virtually autonomously. | Template:Sfn |
| Orontes II |
Template:Circa 344–331 BC (satrap) (c. 13 years) Template:Circa 331 BC (king)Template:Efn (c. less than a year) |
Died fighting on the side of the Achaemenid Empire against Alexander the Great at the Battle of GaugamelaTemplate:Sfn | ||
| Mithrenes |
Template:Circa 331–317 BC (c. 14 years) |
Son of Orontes II, defected to join Alexander the Great and named the new ruler of Armenia by Alexander after his father's death | Template:Sfn | |
| Neoptolemus |
323–321 BC (satrap) (2 years) |
Template:Sfn | ||
| Orontes III |
Template:Circa 317–260 BC (c. 57 years) |
Template:Sfn | ||
| Sames |
Template:Circa 260 BC (less than a year) |
Template:Sfn | ||
| File:Arsames I.jpg | Arsames |
Template:Circa 260–228 BC (c. 32 years) |
Template:Sfn | |
| File:Xerxes of Armenia.jpg | Xerxes |
Template:Circa 228–212 BC (c. 16 years) |
Template:Sfn | |
| Orontes IV |
Template:Circa 212–200 BC (c. 12 years) |
Template:Sfn |
Artaxiad dynasty (200 BC–AD 2)
| Portrait | Name | Reign | Succession | Life details |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:Artaxias I cropped.png | Artaxias I |
Template:Circa 190–159 BC (c. 31 years) |
Unclear succession. According to Strabo, Artaxias I was a general under the Seleucid king Antiochus III who seized power in Armenia, but according to Artaxias's own inscriptions he appears to have been part of a junior line of the Orontid dynasty. | Template:Sfn |
| File:Coin of Artavasdes I.png | Artavasdes |
Template:Circa 160–115 BC (c. 45 years) |
||
| File:Obverse Coin of Tigranes I.jpg | Tigranes I |
Template:Circa 120–95 BC (c. 35 years; disputed) |
||
| File:Coin of Tigranes II the Great, Antioch mint.jpg | Tigranes II "the Great" |
Template:Circa 95–55 BC (c. 40 years) |
||
| File:Artavasdes II.png | Artavasdes II |
Template:Circa 55–34 BC (c. 21 years) |
||
| File:Artaxias II cropped.png | Artaxias II |
Template:Circa 34–20 BC (c. 14 years) |
||
| File:Tigranes III cropped.png | Tigranes III |
Template:Circa 20–8 BC (c. 12 years) |
||
| File:Coin of Tigranes IV.png | Tigranes IV |
Template:Circa 8–5 BC (first), 2–1 BC (second) (c. 5 years) |
||
| File:Queenerato.jpg | Erato (first reign) |
Template:Circa 8–5 BC (first), 2–1 BC (second), 1-2 AD (c. 7 years) |
||
| File:King of Armenia Artavasdes III.jpg | Artavasdes III | 5-2 BC |
Non-dynastic rulers (2–61)
The first century AD was a time of intense conflict between the Roman and Parthian empires. In Armenia, this resulted in rapid appointments and depositions of Armenian client kings by both sides.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite book</ref>
- Ariobarzanes, 2–4,<ref name=":0"/> a Median prince<ref name=":0"/> and matrilineal descendant of Tigranes II<ref name=":4">Template:Cite book</ref>
- Artavasdes IV, 4–6,<ref name=":0"/> son of Ariobarzanes
- Tigranes V, 6–12,<ref name=":0"/> a Herodian prince<ref name=":0"/>
- Vonones, 12–18,<ref name=":0"/> former king of the Parthian Empire<ref name=":0"/>
- Artaxias III, 18–34,<ref name=":0"/> a Pontic prince<ref name=":0"/>
- Arsaces (Arshak I), 34–35,<ref name=":0"/> son of the Parthian king Artabanus II<ref name=":0"/>
- Mithridates (first reign), 35–37,<ref name=":0"/> brother of the Iberian king Pharasmanes I<ref name=":0"/>
- Orodes, 37–41, son of the Parthian king Artabanus II
- Mithridates (second reign), 41–52<ref name=":0"/>
- Rhadamistus, 52–54,<ref name=":0"/> son of the Iberian king Pharasmanes I<ref name=":0"/>
- Tiridates I (first reign), 54–58,<ref name=":0"/> son of the Parthian king Vonones II<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- Tigranes VI, 51–61/62,<ref name=":0"/> nephew of Tigranes V<ref name=":24"/>
Arsacid dynasty (61–428)
- Tiridates I (second reign), c. 61/66–c. 75<ref name=":1">Template:Cite book</ref>/88<ref name=":0"/>
- Sanatruk, c. 75<ref name=":1"/>/88<ref name=":0"/>–c. 110,<ref name=":1"/> son of Tiridates I?<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- Axidares, c. 110–c. 112,<ref name=":1"/> son of the Parthian king Pacorus II<ref name=":2">Template:Cite book</ref>
- Parthamasiris, c. 112–c. 114,<ref name=":1"/> son of the Parthian king Pacorus II<ref name=":2"/>
- Interregnum 114–117:<ref name=":1"/> Armenia is temporarily incorporated as a province of the Roman Empire<ref name=":1"/>
- Vologases I, 117<ref name=":1"/>–144,<ref name=":3">Template:Cite book</ref> son of Sanatruk<ref name=":24"/>
- Sohaemus (first reign), 144–160,<ref name=":3"/> a Roman consul with Arsacid and Achaemenid heritage<ref name=":24"/>
- Aurelius Pacorus, 160–163,<ref name=":1"/> son of the Parthian king Vologases IV<ref name=":3"/>
- Sohaemus (second reign), 164–c. 180<ref name=":1"/>
- Vologases II, c. 180–190,<ref name=":1"/> son of the Parthian king Vologases IV, later ruled Parthia (as Vologases V) 190–208
- Khosrov I, c. 190–214/216,<ref name=":1"/> son of Vologases II<ref name=":24"/>
- Tiridates II, 217–252,<ref name=":1"/> son of Khosrov I<ref name=":24"/>
- Hormizd-Ardashir,<ref name=":24"/> 252/253<ref name=":24"/>– c. 270, son of the Sasanian king Shapur I; made king of Armenia by his father after the Sasanians conquered the kingdom,<ref name=":24"/> later king of the Sasanian Empire (as Hormizd I)
- Narseh, c. 270–293,<ref name=":24"/> brother of Hormizd-Ardashir, later king of the Sasanian Empire<ref name=":24"/>
- Khosrov II, 279/280–287 (in western Armenia),<ref name=":7"/> son of Tiridates II?,<ref name=":24"/> enthroned by the Romans after Narseh ceded parts of western Armenia to Emperor Probus<ref name=":24"/>
- Tiridates (III), 287–298,<ref name=":24"/> brother of Khosrov II, initially king of only western Armenia but later granted the rest of the kingdom after Narseh became king of the Sasanian Empire<ref name=":24"/>
- Tiridates III (or IV) "the Great", 298–330,<ref name=":7"/> son of Khosrov II<ref name=":24"/>
- Khosrov III "the Small", 330–338, son of Tiridates III<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- Sanesan, a Sasanian-backed usurper belonging to the Arsacid dynasty, held much of Armenia for about a year in circa 336.<ref name=":24"/>
- Hannibalianus, son of Roman emperor Constantine I, was nominated by the Romans as king of Armenia in 335/336 but died in 337 without Khosrov III having been displaced.<ref name=":24"/>
- Tiran (Tigranes VII), 338–350,<ref name=":7">Template:Cite book</ref> son of Khosrov III<ref name="auto2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Arshak II, 350–368, son of Tiran<ref name=":7"/>
- Pap, 368–374,<ref name=":7"/> son of Arshak II<ref name=":24"/>
- Varazdat, 374–378,<ref name=":6">Template:Cite book</ref> nephew of Pap (perhaps son of Pap's younger brother, Tiridates)<ref name=":24"/>
- Arshak III, c. 378–387<ref name=":6"/> and Vologases III,<ref name=":24"/> c. 378–386, sons of Pap<ref name=":24"/>
In 384, the Sasanian Empire appointed Khosrov IV as Armenian king, in opposition to the Roman-supported Arshak III. This resulted in Armenia becoming informally divided under the two kings. In 387, the division was made formal through an agreement between the Roman emperor Theodosius I and Sasanian king Shapur III. The agreement saw Armenia be partitioned into a western (under Roman influence) and an eastern (under Sasanian influence) kingdom.<ref name=":6"/>
Western Armenia (387–389)
- Arshak III, 387–c. 389,<ref name=":6"/> former king of all of Armenia<ref name=":6"/>
Upon the death of Arshak III in 389, Emperor Theodosius I chose to not appoint another king, ending the western kingdom.<ref name=":23">Template:Cite book</ref> Arshak's lands were instead incorporated into the Roman Empire.<ref name=":24">Template:Cite book</ref>
Eastern Armenia (384–428)
- Khosrov IV, 384–389,<ref name=":6"/> son of Varazdat?<ref name=":24"/>
- Vramshapuh, 389/401–417,<ref name=":6"/> son of Varazdat?<ref name=":24"/>
- Khosrov V, 417–418,<ref name=":6"/> possibly the same person as Khosrov IV<ref name=":24"/>
- Shapur, 418–422, son of the Sasanian king Yazdegerd I,<ref name=":24"/> later king of the Sasanian Empire (as Shapur IV)
- Artaxias IV, 422–428,<ref name=":6"/> son of Vramshapuh<ref name=":0"/>
In 428, the Sasanian king Bahram V deposed Artaxias IV, with the permission of the Armenian nobility, and annexed his lands into the Sasanian Empire.<ref name=":23"/>
Vassal lords and princes (428–884)
Marzbāns in Sasanian Armenia (428–646)
The Sasanian-ruled Armenian territories were after 428 placed under the rule of an official with the title marzbān<ref name=":18"/> (governor-general<ref name=":18">Template:Cite book</ref> or viceroy<ref name=":0"/>). The first marzbān, appointed by Bahram V, was the military officer Veh Mihr Shapur.<ref name=":0"/>
The list of marzbāns is not entirely contiguous. This is due to gaps in the historical record as well as there having been periods without any appointed marzbāns. It was relatively common for the office to be vacant since the Sasanian Empire periodically tried to assert more direct control.<ref name=":19">Template:Cite book</ref>
- Veh Mihr Shapur, marzbān 428–442,<ref name=":0"/> Sasanian military officer
- Vasak Siwni, marzbān c. 442–451,<ref name=":10"/> Armenian noble
- Sahak II Bagratuni, insurgent marzbān 482–483,<ref name=":10"/> Armenian noble
- Vahan I Mamikonian, autonomous marzbān 485–505/510,<ref name=":10"/> Armenian noble
- Vard Mamikonian, autonomous marzbān 505/510–509/514,<ref name=":10"/> Armenian noble
- Mjej I Gnuni, marzbān 518–548,<ref name=":10"/> Armenian noble
- Philip Siwni, marzbān 574–576,<ref name=":10"/> Armenian noble
- Mushegh II Mamikonian, marzbān 591?,<ref name=":10"/> Armenian noble
- Varaztirots II Bagratuni, marzbān 628 – after 631,<ref name=":10"/> Armenian noble
Presiding princes of Armenia (628–884)
In the sixth century, the Byzantine Empire established the position of presiding prince of Armenia (formally "prince of the Armenians"). This office was created in an attempt to legitimize a local vassal leader with Byzantine backing and counteract Sasanian efforts in the region. During later centuries, the princes often wavered in allegiance between Byzantium and the Islamic Caliphates, who competed over influence in the region. The princes were most often autonomous tributary vassals.<ref name=":19"/> The earliest known presiding prince of Armenia is Mjej II Gnuni, appointed by the Byzantines in the early seventh century.<ref name=":10"/>
- Mjej II Gnuni, 628–635 (for the Byzantine Empire)<ref name=":10"/>
- David Saharuni, 635–638 (for the Byzantine Empire)<ref name=":10"/>
- Theodore Rshtuni (first time), 638–c. 645 (for the Byzantine Empire)<ref name=":10"/>
- Varaztirots II Bagratuni, c. 645 (for the Byzantine Empire)<ref name=":10"/>
- Theodore Rshtuni (second time), 645–653 (for the Byzantine Empire), 653–655 (for the Rashidun Caliphate)<ref name=":10"/>
- Mushegh IV Mamikonian, 654 (for the Byzantine Empire)<ref name=":10"/>
- Hamazasp Mamikonian, 655–657 (for the Rashidun Caliphate), 657–658 (for the Byzantine Empire)<ref name=":10"/>
- Grigor I Mamikonian, 662–684/685 (for the Umayyad Caliphate)<ref name=":10"/>
- Ashot II Bagratuni, 686–689/690 (for the Umayyad Caliphate)<ref name=":10"/>
- Nerseh Kamsarakan, 689/690–691 (for the Byzantine Empire)<ref name=":10"/>
- Smbat VI Bagratuni, 691–697; 700–711 (for the Byzantine Empire), 697–700 (for the Umayyad Caliphate)<ref name=":10"/>
- Ashot III Bagratuni "the Blind", 732–748 (for the Umayyad Caliphate)<ref name=":10"/>
- Grigor II Mamikonian, 748–750 (for the Umayyad Caliphate)<ref name=":10"/>
- Mushegh VI Mamikonian, c. 750; head of insurgent members of the nobility<ref name=":10"/>
- Sahak III Bagratuni, c. 755–761 (for the Abbasid Caliphate)<ref name=":10"/>
- Smbat VII Bagratuni, 761–772 (for the Abbasid Caliphate)<ref name=":10"/>
- Tatzates Andzevatsi, 780–782/785 (for the Abbasid Caliphate)<ref name=":10"/>
- Ashot IV Bagratuni "the Carnivorous", 806–826 (for the Abbasid Caliphate)<ref name=":10"/>
- Smbat VIII Bagratuni "the Confessor", 826–855 (for the Abbasid Caliphate)<ref name=":10"/>
- Bagrat II Bagratuni, "Prince of Princes" 830–852 (for the Abbasid Caliphate)<ref name=":10"/>
- Ashot V Bagratuni "the Great", 856–884 (for the Abbasid Caliphate); "Prince of Princes" in 856 and king in 884<ref name=":10"/>
Restored kingdom (884–1045)
Bagratuni dynasty (884–1045)
.jpg){kind=link}
After more than four centuries of dormancy, the Armenian kingdom was restored under the Bagratuni dynasty, from which several presiding princes had hailed. The Abbasid caliphs were prominent supporters of the Bagratuni princes gaining power over other Armenian nobles due to fears of Byzantine influence in the region. In 884, Prince Ashot V Bagratuni was crowned king (as Ashot I) by his peers. Ashot's new position was recognised by both the Byzantine Empire and the Abbasid Caliphate; Emperor Basil I and Caliph Al-Mu'tamid each sent him a royal crown.<ref name=":8">Template:Cite book</ref>
- Ashot I "the Great", 884–890,<ref name=":0"/> previously prince
- Smbat I "the Martyr", 890–913,<ref name=":0"/> son of Ashot I
- Ashot II "the Iron", 914–928,<ref name=":0"/> son of Smbat I
- Ashot of Bagaran, c. 915–920;<ref name=":0"/> usurper installed by Yusuf Ibn Abi'l-Saj
- Abas I, 928–953,<ref name=":0"/> son of Smbat I
- Ashot III "the Merciful", 953–977,<ref name=":0"/> son of Abas I
- Smbat II "the Conqueror", 977–989,<ref name=":0"/> son of Ashot III
- Gagik I, 989–1017/1020,<ref name=":0"/> son of Ashot III
- Hovhannes-Smbat III, 1017/1020–1040/1041 (in Ani),<ref name=":0"/> son of Gagik I
- Ashot IV "the Valiant", 1017/1020–1040/1041 (in Talin),<ref name=":0"/> son of Gagik I
- Gagik II, 1042–1045,<ref name=":0"/> son of Ashot IV
The Bagratid kingdom and its capital of Ani was conquered by the Byzantine Empire under Emperor Constantine IX Monomachos in 1045.<ref name=":8"/>
Lesser medieval Armenian kingdoms
Vaspurakan, Artsruni dynasty (908–1021)
Template:See also The Artsruni family ruled in Vaspurakan as princes under the Bagratuni kings. The Artsruni family revolted after King Smbat ceded some of the Artsruni lands to the nearby princes of Syunik. Shortly thereafter, in 908, Vaspurakan became a separate kingdom with Gagik Artsruni's recognition as a king by Abbasid caliph.<ref name=":8"/>
- Gagik Artsruni, 908<ref name=":8"/>–937/943<ref name=":0"/>
- Derenik-Ashot Artsruni, 937/943–953,<ref name=":0"/> son of Gagik<ref name=":10">Template:Cite book</ref>
- Abusahl-Hamazasp Artsruni, 953–969/972,<ref name=":0"/> son of Gagik<ref name=":10"/>
- Ashot-Sahak Artsruni, 969/972–991,<ref name=":0"/> son of Abusahl-Hamazasp<ref name=":10"/>
- Gurgen-Khachik Artsruni, 991–1003,<ref name=":0"/> son of Abusahl-Hamazasp<ref name=":10"/>
- Senekerim-Hovhannes Artsruni, 1003–1021,<ref name=":0"/> son of Abusahl-Hamazasp<ref name=":10"/>
Senekerim-Hovhannes, the last king of Vaspurakan, surrendered his crown to the Byzantine Empire in 1021 under pressure from incursions by the Seljuk Turks and resettled with his family in Cappadocia.<ref name=":7"/>
Vanand, Bagratuni dynasty (961–1065)
Template:See alsoThe Kingdom of Vanand was created as a vassal state by the Bagratuni kings in 961, ruled by members of their own dynasty.<ref name="SAE2">Template:Cite book</ref>
- Mushegh, 961/962–984,<ref name=":0"/> son of Abas I of Armenia<ref name=":10"/>
- Abas I, 984–1029,<ref name=":0"/> son of Mushegh<ref name=":10"/>
- Gagik-Abas II, 1029–1065,<ref name=":0"/> son of Abas I;<ref name=":10"/> claimed the position of king of all Armenia after the collapse of the main Bagratid kingdom in 1045.<ref name="SAE2"/>
Vanand was ceded to the Byzantine Empire by Gagik-Abas II<ref name="SAE2"/> in 1065.<ref name=":7"/><ref name="SAE2"/>
Tashir-Dzoraget, Kiurikian dynasty (982–c. 1145)
The Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget was a vassal kingdom founded in 982 by Kiuriki I, youngest son of Ashot III of Armenia, and was thereafter ruled by his descendants. It was for most of its history ruled from the fortress of Lori.<ref name=":11">Template:Cite journal</ref>
- Kiurike I, 982–989,<ref name=":10"/> son of Ashot III of Armenia<ref name=":10"/>
- David I "the Landless", 989–1046/1048,<ref name=":10"/> son of Kiurike I<ref name=":10"/>
- Kiurike II, 1046/1048–1081/1089,<ref name=":10"/> son of David I<ref name=":10"/>
- David II and Abas, c. 1089–c. 1145,<ref name=":11"/> sons of Kiurike II<ref name=":11"/>
Tashir-Dzoraget was largely conquered by the Seljuk Turks in 1081/1089.<ref name=":10"/> In the early 12th century, further conquests led to David II and Abas only retaining control of the fortress of Macnaberd. The kingdom was fully conquered by around 1145, though it is possible that some members of the Kiurikian dynasty retained control of fortresses and settlements in the region thereafter.<ref name=":11"/>
Syunik, Siunia dynasty (970–1170)
Template:See also The independent Kingdom of Syunik was established under the Siuni prince Smbat Sahak in 970.<ref name=":7"/>
- Smbat I Sahak, 970–998<ref name=":7"/>
- Vasak, 998–1019,<ref name=":7"/> son of Smbat I<ref name=":10"/>
- Smbat II, 1019<ref name=":10"/>–1044,<ref name=":9"/> cousin and nephew of Vasak<ref name=":10"/>
- Grigor I, 1044–1084,<ref name=":9"/> brother of Smbat II<ref name=":10"/>
- Senekerim Sevadian, 1084–1094,<ref name=":9">Template:Cite book</ref> adoptive son of Grigor I<ref name=":10"/>
- Grigor II, 1094–1166,<ref name=":9"/> son of Senekerim<ref name=":9"/>
- Hasan of Gerakar, 1166–1170,<ref name=":9"/> son-in-law of Grigor II
The Kingdom of Syunik was conquered by the Seljuk Turks in 1170.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Shah-i Armens (1100–1185; 1420–1437)
.jpg){kind=link}
Ahlat Shah-i Armens (1100–1185)
Template:See also In the decades following the Battle of Manzikert (1071), one of the Turkmen<ref name=":20">Template:Cite book</ref> vassal dynasties of the Seljuk Turks gained control of Ahlat, in the former Armenian heartland. These Muslim emirs took the title Shah-i Armen ("King of the Armenians");<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=":21">Template:Cite book</ref> the same title Islamic sources had previously used for the Bagratuni kings.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- Sökmen I, 1100–1111<ref name=":20"/><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- Zahireddin Ibrahim, 1111–1127<ref name=":22">Template:Cite book</ref>
- Ahmed, 1127<ref name=":22"/>
- Sökmen II, 1128–1185<ref name=":20"/>
Sökmen II left no heirs, his death in 1185 terminating the Shah-i Armen dynastic line. Ahlat was thereafter ruled by a series of slave emirs;<ref name=":20"/> Seyfeddin Bektimur 1185–1193, Bedreddin Aksungur 1193–1198, Sücaeddin Kutlug 1198, Melukülmansur Muhammed 1198–1207, and Izzeddin Balaban 1207.<ref name=":22"/> The city's period of relative autonomy came to an end when it was captured by the Ayyubid Sultanate in 1207.<ref name=":20"/>
Qara Qoyunlu (1420–1437)
Template:See also The title Shah-i Armen was temporarily revived in the 15th century under the rule of the Turkmen Qara Qoyunlu,<ref name=":21"/> being used by Sultan Qara Iskander as part of his policy to cultivate the Armenian population.<ref name=":27">Dickran Kouymjian, "Armenia from the Fall of the Cilician Kingdom (1375) to the Forced Emigration under Shah Abbas (1604)," The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times, Richard Hovannisian, editor (New York: St. Martin Press, 1997), vol. 2, p. 5</ref>
- Qara Iskander, 1420–1437<ref name=":27"/>
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (1080–1375)
Template:See alsoTemplate:For The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia was a state formed in the Middle Ages by Armenians who fled the Seljuk invasion of their homeland.<ref name="SAE">Template:In lang Poghosyan, S.; Katvalyan, M.; Grigoryan, G. et al. Cilician Armenia (Կիլիկյան Հայաստան). Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia. vol. v. Yerevan, Armenian SSR: Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1979, pp. 406–428</ref> It was initially ruled by the Rubenids, an offshoot of the Bagratuni dynasty. While the Rubenid rulers were initially regional princes, their close ties with the Western world after the First Crusade saw the principality recognised as a kingdom under Leo I by the Holy Roman Empire in 1198.<ref name="Badmoutioun Hayots, Volume II">Template:Cite book</ref> The rulers of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilia thereafter styled themselves simply as "King of Armenia".<ref name=":10"/>
Rubenid dynasty (1080–1252)
- Ruben I, prince 1080–1095<ref name=":10"/>
- Constantine I, prince 1095–1099,<ref name=":10"/> son of Ruben I<ref name=":10"/>
- Thoros I, prince 1100–1129,<ref name=":10"/> son of Constantine I<ref name=":10"/>
- Leo I, prince 1129–1138,<ref name=":10"/> son of Constantine I<ref name=":10"/>
- Interregnum 1138–1145: Cilicia was occupied by the Byzantine Empire<ref name=":10"/>
- Thoros II, prince 1145–1169,<ref name=":10"/> son of Leo I<ref name=":10"/>
- Ruben II, prince 1169–1170,<ref name=":10"/> son of Theodore II<ref name=":10"/>
- Mleh, prince 1170–1175,<ref name=":10"/> son of Leo I<ref name=":10"/>
- Ruben III, prince 1175–1186,<ref name=":10"/> grandson of Leo I<ref name=":10"/>
- Leo I "the Magnificent", prince (as Leo II) 1186–1198 and king 1198–1219,<ref name=":10"/> brother of Ruben III<ref name=":10"/>
- Isabella, 1219–1252, daughter of Leo I<ref name=":10"/>
- Philip of Antioch, 1222–1224, first husband and co-ruler of Isabella<ref name=":10"/>
Hethumid dynasty (1226–1341)
The Hethumid dynasty gained power through marriage with Isabella of the Rubenid dynasty. Upon her death, her husband Hethum I became sole ruler and he was followed as king by their descendants.
- Hethum I, 1226–1269,<ref name=":10"/> second husband of Isabella<ref name=":10"/>
- Leo II, 1269–1289,<ref name=":10"/> son of Hethum I and Isabella<ref name=":10"/>
- Hethum II (first reign), 1289–1293, son of Leo II<ref name=":10"/>
- Thoros, 1293–1294,<ref name=":10"/> son of Leo II<ref name=":10"/>
- Hethum II (second reign), 1294–1296<ref name=":10"/>
- Smbat IV, 1296–1298,<ref name=":10"/> son of Leo II<ref name=":10"/>
- Constantine I, 1298–1299,<ref name=":10"/> son of Leo II<ref name=":10"/>
- Hethum II (third reign), 1299–1305<ref name=":10"/>
- Leo III, 1305–1308,<ref name=":10"/> son of Thoros<ref name=":10"/>
- Oshin, 1308–1320,<ref name=":10"/> son of Leo II<ref name=":10"/>
- Leo IV, 1320–1341,<ref name=":10"/> son of Oshin<ref name=":10"/>
Lusignan and Neghir dynasties (1342–1375)
After the death of Leo IV in 1341, Leo's cousin Guy de Lusignan was elected to succeed him as Constantine II, beginning the rule of the Lusignan dynasty. This dynasty ruled for just over three decades before Cilicia was captured by the Mamluks, bringing an end to the kingdom.
- Constantine II, 1342–1344,<ref name=":10"/> cousin<ref name=":10"/> and chosen successor<ref name=":28">Template:Cite book</ref> of Leo IV (House of Lusignan)
- Constantine III, 1344–1363,<ref name=":10"/> elected by the Armenian nobility;<ref name=":28"/> grandnephew of Hethum I (House of Neghir)
- Leo (V) "the Usurper", 1363–1365,<ref name=":28"/><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> unknown lineage; seized the throne and then abdicated after a reign of two years<ref name=":28"/>
- Constantine IV, 1365–1373,<ref name=":10"/> cousin of Constantine III<ref name=":10"/> (House of Neghir)
- Peter de Lusignan, King of Cyprus, was invited to become king by some Armenian barons in 1368 but died in 1369 while making preparations to cross the sea to Cilicia with his forces<ref name=":10"/><ref name=":28"/>
- Marie of Korikos, regent 1373–1374,<ref name=":28"/> widow of Constantine III and Constantine IV; served as regent while delegations were sent to negotiate with prospective new candidates for the kingship<ref name=":28"/>
- Leo V (or VI), 1374–1375,<ref name=":28"/> nephew of Constantine II<ref name=":10"/> (House of Lusignan)
Later claimants
Lusignan claimants (1375–1489)
Leo V continued to claim the title "King of Armenia" in exile until his death in 1393. Leo's claims were then inherited by James I, his cousin (both were great-grandsons of the Cypriot king Hugh III) who ruled as King of Cyprus. From 1393 to the end of the Cypriot kingdom in 1489, the rulers of Cyprus claimed the full title "King of Cyprus, Jerusalem and Armenia".<ref name=":12">Template:Cite book Section "The seeds of Lusignan rule in Cilicia"</ref>
- Leo V, 1375–1393, former king of Armenia<ref name=":12"/>
- James I of Cyprus, 1393–1398, distant cousin of Leo V<ref name=":12"/>
- Janus of Cyprus, 1398–1432, son of James I
- John II of Cyprus, 1432–1458, son of Janus
- Charlotte of Cyprus, 1458–1464, daughter of John II
- James II of Cyprus, 1464–1473, son of John II
- James III of Cyprus, 1473–1474, son of James II
- Catherine Cornaro,<ref name=":13"/> 1474–1489, widow of James II and mother of James III
After the fall of the Kingdom of Cyprus in 1489, Catherine Cornaro sold her claims and titles (including her claim to Armenia) to the Republic of Venice, which at times thereafter advanced a shadowy claim to Cilicia or Armenia as a whole.<ref name=":13">Template:Cite book p. 390</ref>
Savoyard claimants (1485–1946)
Charlotte, who ruled as Queen of Cyprus 1458–1464, was deposed in 1464 but maintained claims to her titles in exile. In 1485, she ceded all her titular claims to her first cousin once removed, Charles I, Duke of Savoy.<ref name=":15">Template:Cite book p. 612</ref> As a consequence of Charlotte's sale, the House of Savoy is often seen as the heirs of the Lusignan kings of Cyprus and Armenian Cilicia.<ref name=":13"/> For centuries thereafter, the heads of the family maintained the style "Duke of Savoy and titular King of Cyprus, Jerusalem and Armenia".<ref name=":16">Template:Cite book p. 1</ref>
The title "King of Cyprus, Jerusalem and Armenia" was maintained even after the Savoyard dynasts became kings of Italy, for instance being used by both Victor Emmanuel II<ref name=":17">Template:Cite book Section "Sabaudia".</ref> and Victor Emmanuel III.<ref name=":14"/>
- Charlotte of Cyprus, 1464–1485, former queen of Cyprus<ref name=":15"/>
- Charles I, Duke of Savoy, 1485–1490, first cousin once removed of Charlotte, ceded titles<ref name=":15"/>
- Charles II, Duke of Savoy, 1490–1496, son of Charles I
- Philip II, Duke of Savoy, 1496–1497, uncle of Charles I
- Philibert II, Duke of Savoy, 1497–1504, son of Philip II
- Charles III, Duke of Savoy, 1504–1553, son of Philip II
- Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy, 1553–1580, son of Charles III
- Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy,<ref name=":16"/> 1580–1630, son of Emmanuel Philibert
- Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy, 1630–1637, son of Charles Emmanuel I
- Francis Hyacinth, Duke of Savoy, 1637–1638, son of Victor Amadeus I
- Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy, 1638–1675, son of Victor Amadeus I
- Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia, 1675–1730, son of Charles Emmanuel II
- Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia, 1730–1773, son of Victor Amadeus II
- Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia, 1773–1796, son of Charles Emmanuel III
- Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia, 1796–1802, son of Victor Amadeus III
- Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia, 1802–1821, son of Victor Amadeus III
- Charles Felix of Sardinia, 1821–1831, son of Victor Amadeus III
- Charles Albert of Sardinia, 1831–1849, great-great-grandson of Victor Amadeus I
- Victor Emmanuel II of Italy,<ref name=":17"/> 1849–1878, son of Charles Albert
- Umberto I of Italy, 1878–1900, son of Victor Emmanuel II
- Victor Emmanuel III of Italy,<ref name=":14"/> 1900–1946, son of Umberto I
- Umberto II of Italy, 1946, son of Victor Emmanuel III