List of English prepositions

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This is a list of English prepositions.

Prototypical prepositions

The following are single-word prepositions that can take a noun phrase complement following the preposition. Prepositions in this section may also take other kinds of complements in addition to noun phrase complements. Prepositions marked with an asterisk can be used transitively or intransitively; that is, they can take noun phrase complements (e.g., he was in the house) or not (e.g., he was in).

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  • a<ref>"a 3." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=a+3. Accessed 20 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • aboard*<ref name="Aarts76">Aarts, Bas.Oxford Modern English Grammar. Oxford UP, 2011. p. 76-77.</ref>
  • about*<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7">Quirk, Randolph, et al. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. Longman, 1985. pp. 665-67.</ref>
    • abt. (written abbreviation)<ref>"abt., prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 20 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • above*<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" />
  • abreast<ref>"abreast." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=abreast. Accessed 20 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • absent<ref name="CGEL610">Huddleston, Rodney, and Geoffrey K. Pullum. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge UP, 2002. p. 610. Template:ISBN.</ref>
  • across*<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" />
  • after*<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref name="CGEL613">Huddleston, Rodney, and Geoffrey K. Pullum. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge UP, 2002. p. 613. Template:ISBN.</ref>
  • against*<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" />
  • aloft*<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref>"aloft." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=aloft. Accessed 18 July 2020.</ref>
  • along*<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" />
  • alongside*<ref name="Aarts76" />
  • amid<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref name="CGEL635">Huddleston, Rodney, and Geoffrey K. Pullum. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge UP, 2002. p. 635. Template:ISBN.</ref>
    • amidst<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref name="CGEL635" />
    • mid<ref name="Aarts76" />
    • midst<ref name="Aarts76" />
  • among<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref name="CGEL635" />
    • amongst<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref name="CGEL635" />
  • anti<ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref>"anti." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=anti. Accessed 22 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • apropos*<ref name="CGEL613" /><ref>"apropos." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=apropos. Accessed 6 July 2020.</ref>
  • around*<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" />
    • round*<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" />
  • as<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref name="CGEL635" />
  • aslant<ref>"aslant." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=aslant. Accessed 20 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • astride<ref>"astride." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=astride. Accessed 6 July 2020.</ref>
  • at<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref name="CGEL635" />
    • @ (written alternative)<ref>"at sign." Dictionary.com Pop Culture Dictionary, Dictionary.com, 2020, www.dictionary.com/e/pop-culture/at-sign/. Accessed 20 July 2020.</ref>
  • atop<ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref>"atop." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=atop. Accessed 6 July 2020.</ref>
  • bar<ref name="CGEL635" /><ref>"bar 1." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=bar. Accessed 6 July 2020.</ref>
  • barring<ref name="Aarts80">Aarts, Bas.Oxford Modern English Grammar. Oxford UP, 2011. p. 80. Template:ISBN. OCLC 663438373</ref><ref name="CGEL611">Huddleston, Rodney, and Geoffrey K. Pullum. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge UP, 2002. Template:ISBN.</ref>
  • before*<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref name="CGEL613" />
    • B4 (written abbreviation)<ref>"B4." Collins COBUILD Advanced English Dictionary, HarperCollins, 2020, www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/b4. Accessed 20 July 2020.</ref>
  • behind*<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" />
  • below*<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" />
  • beneath*<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" />
    • neath<ref>"neath." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=neath. Accessed 6 July 2020.</ref>
  • beside<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref name="CGEL635" />
  • besides*<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref name="CGEL613" />
  • between*<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref name="CGEL613" />
    • 'tween<ref>"'tween, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 20 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • beyond*<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" />
  • but<ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref>"but." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=but. Accessed 6 July 2020.</ref>
  • by*<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref name="CGEL613" />
  • chez<ref name="CGEL635" /><ref>"chez." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=chez. Accessed 6 July 2020.</ref>
  • circa<ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref name="CGEL635" /><ref name="American Heritage Dictionary 2020">"circa." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=circa. Accessed 6 July 2020.</ref>
    • c., ca. (abbreviations)<ref name="American Heritage Dictionary 2020"/>
  • come<ref name="CGEL635" />
  • concerning<ref name="Aarts80" /><ref name="CGEL611" />
  • contra<ref name="CGEL635" />
  • counting<ref name="Aarts80" /><ref name="CGEL611" />
  • cum<ref>"cum 1." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=cum+1. Accessed 20 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • despite<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref name="CGEL635" />
  • down*<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" />
  • during<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL635" />
  • effective<ref name="CGEL610" />
  • ere<ref name="CGEL635" />
  • except<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" />
  • excepting<ref name="Aarts80" /><ref name="CGEL611" />
  • excluding<ref name="Aarts80" /><ref name="CGEL611" />
  • failing<ref name="Aarts80" /><ref name="CGEL611" />
  • following<ref name="Aarts80" /><ref name="CGEL611" />
  • for<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" />
  • from<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref name="CGEL635" />
  • in*<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" />
  • including<ref name="Aarts80" /><ref name="CGEL611" />
  • inside*<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" />
  • into<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref name="CGEL635" />
  • less<ref name="CGEL635" /><ref>"less." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=less. Accessed 6 July 2020.</ref>
  • like<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref name="CGEL635" />
  • minus<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL635" />
  • modulo<ref name="CGEL635" />
    • mod (abbreviation)<ref>"mod 2." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=mod+2. Accessed 20 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • near*<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" />
    • nearer (comparative)<ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref>Huddleston, Rodney, and Geoffrey K. Pullum. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge UP, 2002. p. 609. Template:ISBN.</ref>
    • nearest (superlative)<ref name="Quirk9.7" />
  • next<ref name="Aarts76" />
  • notwithstanding* (also postpositional)<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" />
  • of<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref name="CGEL635" />
    • o' (written alternative; informal)<ref>"o'." Collins COBUILD Advanced English Dictionary, HarperCollins, 2020, www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/o. Accessed 20 July 2020.</ref>
  • off*<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" />
  • offshore<ref>"offshore, adv., adj., and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 20 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • on*<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref name="CGEL613" />
  • onto<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref name="CGEL635" />
  • opposite<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref name="CGEL610" />
  • out<ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref>"out." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=out. Accessed 6 July 2020.</ref>
  • outside*<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" />
  • over*<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" />
    • o'er<ref>"o’er." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=o%27er. Accessed 6 July 2020.</ref>
  • pace<ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref name="CGEL635" /><ref>"pace 2." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=pace. Accessed 6 July 2020.</ref>
  • past*<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" />
  • pending<ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref>"pending." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q= pending. Accessed 20 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • per<ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref name="CGEL635" /><ref>"per." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=per. Accessed 6 July 2020.</ref>
  • plus<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL635" />
  • post<ref>"post, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.</ref>
  • pre<ref>"pre, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.</ref>
  • pro<ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref>"pro, n.1, adj.1, and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.</ref>
  • qua<ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref>"qua, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.</ref>
  • re<ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref name="CGEL635" />
  • regarding<ref name="Aarts80" /><ref name="CGEL611" />
  • respecting<ref name="Aarts80" /><ref name="CGEL611" />
  • sans<ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref name="CGEL635" />
  • save<ref name="CGEL635" /><ref>"save 2." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=save. Accessed 7 July 2020.</ref>
  • saving<ref name="Aarts80" /><ref name="CGEL611" />
  • shortTemplate:Citation needed
  • since*<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref name="CGEL613" />
  • sub<ref>"sub, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 20 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • than<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref name="CGEL635" />
  • through*<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref name="CGEL613" />
    • thru (informal)<ref>"thru." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=thru. Accessed 7 July 2020.</ref>
  • throughout*<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" />
    • thruout (simplified spelling)<ref>"thruout." The Century Dictionary, vol. IX, Century Co., 1911, p. 870, babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015036876855&view=1up&seq=870. Accessed 20 July 2020.</ref>
  • till<ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref name="CGEL635" /><ref>"till 2." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=till. Accessed 7 July 2020.</ref>
  • times<ref name="CGEL635" />
  • to*<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" />
    • t' (abbreviation)<ref>"t', prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 20 Aug. 2020.</ref>
    • 2 (abbreviation)Template:Citation needed
  • touching (archaic)<ref name="Aarts80" /><ref name="CGEL611" /><ref>"touching, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 7 July 2020.</ref>
  • toward, towards<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" />
  • under*<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" />
  • underneath*<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" />
  • unlike<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref name="CGEL635" />
  • until<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref name="CGEL635" />
  • unto (poetic)<ref>"unto, prep. and conj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 7 July 2020.</ref>
  • up*<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref name="CGEL635" />
  • upon<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" />
  • versus<ref name="CGEL635" /><ref name="versus">"versus." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=versus. Accessed 7 July 2020.</ref>
    • vs., v. (abbreviations)<ref name="versus" />
  • via<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref name="CGEL635" />
  • vice<ref>"vice 3." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=vice. Accessed 7 July 2020.</ref> (formal)Template:Citation needed
  • vis-à-vis<ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref name="CGEL635" /><ref>"vis-à-vis." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=vis-à-vis. Accessed 7 July 2020.</ref> (formal)Template:Citation needed
  • wanting<ref name="Aarts80" /><ref name="CGEL611" />
  • with<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref name="CGEL635" />
    • w/, w. (abbreviation)<ref>"w." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=w. Accessed 20 July 2020.</ref>
    • c̄ (abbreviation in prescriptions)<ref>"c̄" Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, 2020, www.dictionary.com/browse/-c-. Accessed 20 July 2020.</ref>
  • within*<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" />
  • without*<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="Quirk9.7" /><ref name="CGEL613" />
    • 'thout<ref>"'thout, prep. and conj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 20 Aug. 2020.</ref>
    • w/o (abbreviation)<ref>"w/o." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=w%2Fo. Accessed 20 July 2020.</ref>
  • worth<ref>"Worth." Merriam-Webster.com, Merriam-Webster, n.d., https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/worth. Accessed 4 Jan. 2024.</ref>

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Intransitive prepositions

The following are single-word intransitive prepositions. This portion of the list includes only prepositions that are always intransitive; prepositions that can occur with or without noun phrase complements (that is, transitively or intransitively) are listed with the prototypical prepositions. Note that dictionaries and grammars informed by concepts from traditional grammar may categorize these intransitive prepositions as adverbs. Template:Div col

  • abroad<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614">Huddleston, Rodney, and Geoffrey K. Pullum. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge UP, 2002. p. 614. Template:ISBN.</ref>Template:Efn
  • adrift<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • aft<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • afterward(s)<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL615">Huddleston, Rodney, and Geoffrey K. Pullum. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge UP, 2002. p. 615. Template:ISBN.</ref>
  • ahead<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />Template:Efn
  • apart<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • ashore<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • aside<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />Template:Efn
  • away<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • back<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • backward(s)<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • beforehand<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL615" />
  • downhill<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • downstage<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • downstairs<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • downstream<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • downward(s)<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • downwind<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • east<ref name="CGEL615" />
  • eastward(s)<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • forth<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />Template:Efn
  • forward(s)<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • heavenward(s)<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • hence<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • henceforth<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL615" />
  • here<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • hereby<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL613" />
  • herein<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL613" />
  • hereof<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL613" />
  • hereto<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL613" />
  • herewith<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL613" />
  • home<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • homeward(s)<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • indoors<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • inward(s)<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • leftward(s)<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • north<ref name="CGEL615" />
  • northeast<ref name="CGEL615" />
  • northward(s)<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • northwest<ref name="CGEL615" />
  • now<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL615" />
  • onward(s)<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />Template:Efn
  • outdoors<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • outward(s)<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • overboard<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • overhead<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • overland<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • overseas<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • rightward(s)<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • seaward(s)<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • skyward(s)<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • south<ref name="CGEL615" />
  • southeast<ref name="CGEL615" />
  • southward(s)<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • southwest<ref name="CGEL615" />
  • then<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL615" />
  • thence<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • thenceforth<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL615" />
  • there<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • thereby<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL613" />
  • therein<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL613" />
  • thereof<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL613" />
  • thereto<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL613" />
  • therewith<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL613" />
  • together<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />Template:Efn
  • underfoot<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • underground<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • uphill<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • upstage<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • upstairs<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • upstream<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • upward(s)<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />Template:Efn
  • upwind<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • west<ref name="CGEL615" />
  • westward(s)<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • when<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL615" />
  • whence<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • where<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" />
  • whereby<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL613" />
  • wherein<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL613" />
  • whereto<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL613" />
  • wherewith<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL613" />

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Conjunctive prepositions

The following are single-word prepositions that take clauses as complements. Prepositions marked with an asterisk in this section can only take non-finite clauses as complements. Note that dictionaries and grammars informed by concepts from traditional grammar may categorize these conjunctive prepositions as subordinating conjunctions. Template:Div col

  • after<ref name="Aarts154">Aarts, Bas.Oxford Modern English Grammar. Oxford UP, 2011. p. 154.</ref><ref name="CGEL971">Huddleston, Rodney, and Geoffrey K. Pullum. “4.8 Complement of a Preposition or Adverb.” The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge UP, 2002, pp. 971-72. Template:ISBN.</ref>
  • although<ref name="Aarts154" /><ref name="CGEL971" />
  • as<ref name="Aarts154" /><ref name="CGEL971" />
  • at*<ref name="Aarts154" />
  • because<ref name="Aarts154" /><ref name="CGEL971" />
  • before<ref name="Aarts154" /><ref name="CGEL971" />
  • beside*<ref name="Aarts154" />
  • besides*<ref name="Aarts154" />
  • between*<ref name="Aarts154" />
  • by*<ref name="Aarts154" />
  • considering<ref name="CGEL971" />
  • despite*<ref name="Aarts154" />
  • except<ref name="CGEL971" />
  • for<ref name="Aarts154" /><ref name="CGEL971" />
  • from*<ref name="Aarts154" />Template:Efn
  • given<ref name="CGEL971" />
  • granted<ref name="CGEL971" />
  • if (conditional sense)<ref name="Aarts154" /><ref name="CGEL971" />
  • into*<ref name="Aarts154" />
  • lest<ref name="Aarts154" /><ref name="CGEL971" />
  • like<ref name="Aarts154" /><ref name="CGEL971" />
  • notwithstanding<ref name="CGEL971" />
  • now<ref name="CGEL971" />
  • of*<ref name="Aarts154" />
  • on*<ref name="Aarts154" /><ref name="CGEL971" />
  • once<ref name="Aarts154" /><ref name="CGEL971" />
  • provided<ref name="CGEL971" />
  • providing<ref name="CGEL971" />
  • save<ref name="CGEL971" />
  • seeing<ref name="Aarts154" /><ref name="CGEL971" />
  • since<ref name="Aarts154" /><ref name="CGEL971" />
  • so (purpose or result sense)<ref name="Aarts154" /><ref name="CGEL971" />
  • supposing<ref name="CGEL971" />
  • than<ref name="Aarts154" />
  • though<ref name="Aarts154" /><ref name="CGEL971" />
  • till<ref name="Aarts154" /><ref name="CGEL971" />
  • to*<ref name="CGEL971" />
  • unless<ref name="Aarts154" /><ref name="CGEL971" />
  • until<ref name="Aarts154" /><ref name="CGEL971" />
  • upon*<ref name="Aarts154" />
  • when<ref name="Aarts154" /><ref name="CGEL971" />
  • whenever<ref name="Aarts154" />
  • where<ref name="Aarts154" /><ref name="CGEL971" />
  • whereas<ref name="Aarts154" /><ref name="CGEL971" />
  • wherever
  • while<ref name="Aarts154" />
  • whilst<ref name="Aarts154" />
  • with*<ref name="Aarts154" />
  • without*<ref name="Aarts154" />Template:Efn

Template:Div col end

Postpositions

The following are postpositions, prepositions whose complements typically precede them. Note that some grammars classify prepositions and postpositions as different kinds of adpositions while other grammars categorize both under the heading of the more common variety in the language.

  • ago<ref name="Aarts79">Aarts, Bas.Oxford Modern English Grammar. Oxford UP, 2011. p. 79.</ref><ref name="CGEL631">Huddleston, Rodney, and Geoffrey K. Pullum. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge UP, 2002. pp. 631-32. Template:ISBN.</ref>
  • apart<ref name="Aarts79" /><ref name="CGEL631" />
  • aside<ref name="Aarts79" /><ref name="CGEL631" />
  • aslant (archaic)Template:Citation needed
  • awayTemplate:Citation needed
  • henceTemplate:Citation needed
  • notwithstanding (also prepositional)<ref name="Aarts79" /><ref name="CGEL631" />
  • on (usually prepositional but occurs in phrases like "ten years on")<ref name="CGEL631" />
  • over (usually prepositional but occurs in phrases like "the world over")<ref name="CGEL631" />
  • short (also prepositional)Template:Citation needed
  • through (usually prepositional but occurs in phrases like "the whole day through")<ref name="Aarts79" />

Complex prepositions

The following are prepositions that consist of multiple words. They are categorized according to their structure.

Preposition + preposition

Template:Div col

  • according to<ref name="Aarts78">Aarts, Bas. Oxford Modern English Grammar. Oxford UP, 2011. p. 78. Template:ISBN. OCLC 663438373</ref><ref name="CGEL611" />
  • across fromTemplate:Citation needed
  • ahead of<ref name="Aarts78" /><ref>"ahead of." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=ahead+of. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • along with<ref name="Aarts78" />
  • apart from<ref>"apart from." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=apart+from. Accessed 20 July 2020.</ref>
  • as for<ref name="Aarts78" /><ref name="CGEL624">Huddleston, Rodney, and Geoffrey K. Pullum. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge UP, 2002. pp. 624-26. Template:ISBN.</ref><ref name="OEDas">"as, adv. and conj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • as from (formal)<ref name="Aarts78" /><ref name="CGEL624" /><ref name="OEDas" />
  • as of<ref name="OEDas" />
  • as per<ref name="Aarts78" /><ref name="CGEL624" />
  • as regards<ref>"as regards." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=as+regards. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • as to<ref name="Aarts78" /><ref name="CGEL624" /><ref name="OEDas" />
  • aside from<ref name="Aarts78" /><ref>"aside, adv., prep., adj., and n." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • away from<ref name="Aarts78" /><ref>"away, adv., adj., and n." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • back toTemplate:Citation needed
  • because of<ref name="Aarts78" /><ref name="CGEL624" />
  • counter toTemplate:Citation needed
  • except for<ref>"except." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=except. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • in between<ref name="Aarts78" /><ref name="CGEL624" />
  • instead of (informal)<ref name="Aarts78" /><ref>"instead of." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=instead+of. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • near to<ref name="Aarts78" />
  • next to<ref name="Aarts78" /><ref>"next." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=next. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • opposite ofTemplate:Citation needed
  • out fromTemplate:Citation needed
  • out of<ref name="Aarts78" /><ref name="CGEL624" />
  • outside of<ref name="Aarts78" /><ref>"outside of." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=outside+of. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • owing to<ref name="Aarts78" /><ref name="CGEL611" />
  • pertaining to<ref name="CGEL611" /><ref>"pertain, v." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • round about<ref>"round about, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref><ref>"round about." Collins English Dictionary, HarperCollins, 2020, www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/round-about. Accessed 30 July 2020.</ref>
  • up against<ref name="Aarts78" /><ref name="CGEL624" />
  • up to<ref name="Aarts78" /><ref name="CGEL624" />

Template:Div col end

Preposition + (article) + noun + preposition

English has many idiomatic expressions that act as prepositions that can be analyzed as a preposition followed by a noun (sometimes preceded by the definite or, occasionally, indefinite article) followed by another preposition.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Common examples include: Template:Div col

Template:Div col end

Other complex prepositions

The following complex prepositions do not follow either of the common structures for complex prepositions. Template:Div col

  • à la (or a la)<ref name="CGEL635" /><ref>"à la." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=à+la. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • as soon as<ref>"soon, adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • as well as<ref name="Aarts78" /><ref>"as well as." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=as+well+as. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • close to<ref name="Aarts78" />
  • due to<ref name="Aarts78" /><ref>"due to." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=due+to. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • far from<ref name="Aarts78" /><ref>"far." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=far. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • in case<ref name="Aarts78" /><ref>"in case, conj. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • other than<ref>"other than." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=other+than. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • per pro<ref>"per pro., prep. (adv. and adj.)." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • prior to<ref name="Aarts78" /><ref>"prior to." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=prior+to. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • pursuant to<ref>"pursuant to." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=pursuant+to. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • rather than<ref>"rather than." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=rather+than. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • regardless of<ref>"regardless of." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=regardless+of. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • subsequent to<ref name="Aarts78" /><ref>"subsequent to." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=subsequent+to. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • such as<ref name="Aarts78" /><ref>"such." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=such. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>

Template:Div col end

Archaic, dialectal, or specialized

The following prepositions are not widely used in Present-Day English. Some, such as bating and forby, are archaic and typically only used to convey the tone of a bygone era. Others, such as ayond and side, are generally used only by speakers of a particular variety of English. Yet others are generally only used in specialized contexts, such as abaft in nautical settings and dehors in law.

Prototypical prepositions

Template:Div col

  • abaft (nautical)<ref>"abaft." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=abaft. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • abating (obsolete)<ref>"abating, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • abeam (nautical)<ref>"abeam." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=abeam. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • ablow (Scottish and Irish English)<ref name="Oxford English Dictionary 2020">"ablow, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.</ref>
  • aboon (rare)<ref name="MWaboon">"Aboon, and Other Prepositions You’ve Never Heard." Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2020, www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/prepositions-youve-never-heard-of. Accessed 16 July 2020.</ref>
  • abouts (regional, U.S.)<ref>"abouts, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • acrost (regional, Australia, England, and U.S.)<ref>"acrost, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • adown (archaic; poetic; rare)<ref>"adown, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • a-eastell (obsolete; regional, Scotland)<ref>"a-eastell, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • afore (archaic; regional, Southern and Midland U.S.; nautical)<ref>"afore, adv., prep., and conj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.</ref><ref>"afore." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=afore. Accessed 6 July 2020.</ref>
  • afornent (obsolete; regional, Scotland)<ref>"afornent, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • afront (obsolete; regional)<ref>"afront, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • afterhand (rare; regional)<ref>"afterhand, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • again (regional)<ref>"again, adv., prep., and conj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.</ref>
  • ahind (dialectal; archaic)<ref>"ahind, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.</ref>
  • ajax (Polari)Template:Citation needed
  • alength (obsolete)<ref>"alength, adv. (and adj.) and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • alongst (regional, Scotland and U.S.)<ref>"alongst, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.</ref>
  • aloof (obsolete)<ref>"aloof, adv., int., adj., and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • alow (obsolete; regional, Scotland)<ref name="Oxford English Dictionary 2020"/>
  • amell (rare; regional, Northern England)<ref>"amell, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • amidmost (poetic)<ref>"amidmost, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • anear (archaic; regional)<ref>"anear, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.</ref>
  • aneath (poetic; regional, Scotland)<ref>"aneath, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • anent (obsolete; rare; regional, Scotland and Yorkshire)<ref name="MWaboon" /><ref>"anent, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • anewst (obsolete)<ref>"anewst, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • anunder (regional, Northern England, Ireland, and Scotland)<ref>"anunder, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • askant (archaic)<ref>"askant." Webster's New World College Dictionary, 4th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2010, www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/askant. Accessed 18 Aug. 2020.</ref><ref>"askant, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • asklent (regional, Northern England, Northern Ireland, and Scotland)<ref>"asklent, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • astern (nautical)<ref>"astern, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • athwart (obsolete; dialectal; nautical)<ref>"athwart, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • atour (regional, Scotland)<ref>"atour, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • atter (regional, Northern England, Southern U.S.)<ref>"atter, prep., conj., and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • atween (archaic; dialectal)<ref>"atween, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.</ref>
  • atwixt (archaic; dialectal)<ref>"atwixt, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • a-weather (nautical; obsolete)<ref>"a-weather, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • a-west (obsolete; regional, Scotland)<ref>"a-west, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • awestell (obsolete; regional, Scotland)<ref>"awestell, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • ayond, ayont (dialectal)<ref>"ayond | ayont, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • bating (archaic)<ref>"bating." Webster's New World College Dictionary, 4th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2010, www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/bating. Accessed 18 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • bedown (obsolete)<ref>"bedown, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • be-east (obsolete; regional, Scotland)<ref>"'be-east, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • beforrow (obsolete)<ref>"beforrow, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • behither (obsolete)<ref>"behither, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • ben (dialectal, Scots)<ref>"ben." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=ben. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • benorth (obsolete; regional, Scotland)<ref>"'benorth, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • besouth (obsolete; regional, Scotland)<ref>"'besouth, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • betwixt (archaic; poetical; dialectal)<ref>"betwixt, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.</ref>
    • 'twixt (obsolete)<ref>"'twixt, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • bewest (obsolete; regional, Scotland)<ref>"'bewest, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • bongre (obsolete)<ref>"bongre, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • bout (regional)<ref>"about prep, adv." Dictionary of American Regional English, digital version, Harvard UP, 2013. Accessed 11 Aug. 2020.</ref><ref>"bout, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • bove (poetic; regional)<ref>"bove, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • 'cept (colloquial)<ref>"'cept, prep. and conj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • contrair (obsolete)<ref>"contrair, adj., n., adv., and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • contrary (obsolete)<ref>"contrary, adj., n., adv., and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • cross (dialectal; poetic)<ref>"cross, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.</ref>
  • dehors (law; rare)<ref name="MWaboon" /><ref>"dehors, prep. and n." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 16 July 2020.</ref>
  • dot (mathematics)<ref>"dot, n.1 and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • durante (obsolete)<ref>"durante, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • effore (obsolete)<ref>"effore, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • emong, emonges(t) (obsolete)<ref>"emong, prep. and adv. " Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref><ref>"emonges(t), prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • endlong, endlonges, endlongs (dialectal; obsolete)<ref>"endlong, prep., adv., and adj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref><ref>"endlonges | endlongs, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • enduring (obsolete; rare, South and South Midland U.S.)<ref>"enduring, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref><ref>"enduring prep." Dictionary of American Regional English, digital version, Harvard UP, 2013. Accessed 11 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • ensuing (obsolete)<ref>"ensuing, adj. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • even-forth (obsolete)<ref>"even-forth, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • ex (commerce)<ref>"ex, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • excepted (obsolete)<ref>"excepted, adj. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • extra (rare)<ref>"extra, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • fae (dialectal, Scots)<ref>"fae, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • forby(e) (archaic)<ref name="MWaboon" /><ref>"forby(e, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • fore (regional, U.S.)<ref>"fore prep." Dictionary of American Regional English, digital version, Harvard UP, 2013. Accessed 11 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • fornent, fornenst (obsolete; regional, Northern England and Scotland)<ref>"fornent | fornenst, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • foregain, foregains, foregainst (obsolete; regional, Scotland)<ref>"foregain | foregains(t, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • forne (obsolete)<ref>"forne, adv., adj., and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • forout, forouten (obsolete)<ref>"forout | forouten, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • forrow (obsolete; regional, Scotland)<ref>"forrow, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • forth (archaic)<ref>"forth." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=forth. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • fro (dialectal, Scots)<ref>"fro." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=forth. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • fromward, fromwards (obsolete)<ref>"fromward, adj., adv., and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • froward (archaic)<ref>"froward, adj., adv., and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • furth (Scotland)Template:Citation needed
  • gain (obsolete)<ref>"gain, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.</ref>
  • gainst (informal; poetic)<ref>"gainst." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=gainst. Accessed 6 July 2020.</ref><ref>"gainst." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.</ref>
  • gainward (obsolete)<ref>"gainward, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • gin (regional, Northern England, Ireland, and Scotland)<ref>"gin, prep. and conj.2." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • half-way, halfway (obsolete)<ref>"half-way | halfway, adv., adj., n., and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • hent (obsolete)<ref>"hent, prep. and conj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • inboard (nautical)<ref>"inboard, adv., prep., and adj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • incontrair (obsolete; regional, Scotland)<ref>"incontrair, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • indurand (obsolete; regional, Scotland)<ref>"indurand, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • inmid, inmiddesTemplate:Citation needed
  • inter (obsolete; rare)<ref>"inter, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • inthrough (regional, Scotland)<ref>"inthrough, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • intil, intill (rare; dialectal, Scots)<ref name="MWaboon" /><ref>"intill | intil, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 16 July 2020.</ref>
  • inwith (obsolete; regional, Scotland)<ref>"inwith, prep., adv. (and adj.), and n." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • i'th' (archaic; poetic; regional)<ref>"i'th', prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • 'long (regional)<ref>"'long, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.</ref>
  • longs (obsolete; regional, Scotland)<ref>"longs, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • longst (obsolete; poetic)<ref>"longst, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • longways (rare)<ref>"longways, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • malgrado (obsolete)<ref>"malgrado, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • malgré (archaic; rare)<ref name="MWaboon" /><ref>"malgré, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 16 July 2020.</ref>
  • mang (Devon)Template:Citation needed
  • maugre (archaic)<ref>"maugre." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=maugre. Accessed 13 July 2020.</ref>
  • midmost (obsolete)<ref>"midmost, adj., n., adv., and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • mids (obsolete)<ref>"mids, n., adv., and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • midward (obsolete)<ref>"midward, adj., n., adv., and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • midway (rare)<ref>"midway, n., adv., adj., and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • 'mong (poetic or dialectal)<ref>"'mong, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.</ref>
  • 'mongst (poetic or dialectal)<ref>"'mongst, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.</ref>
  • more (obsolete)<ref>"more, adj., pron., adv., n.3, and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • moreover (obsolete)<ref>"moreover, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • moyening (obsolete)<ref>"moyening, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • natheless, nathless (archaic; literary; rare)<ref name="MWaboon" /><ref>"natheless, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 16 July 2020.</ref>
  • nearabout, nearbout (colloquial; regional)<ref>"nearabout, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref><ref>"nearbout, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • nearby (regional, Scotland)<ref>"nearby, adv., prep., and adj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • nearhand (regional, Northern England, Northern Ireland, and Scotland)<ref>"nearhand, adv., prep., and adj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 13 July 2020.</ref>
  • 'neath (poetic)<ref>"'neath, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.</ref>
  • nigh, anigh, anighst (archaic of regional)<ref>"nigh, adv. (and prep.), adj., and n." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 13 July 2020.</ref><ref>"anigh, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 13 July 2020.</ref><ref>"anighst, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 13 July 2020.</ref>
  • nigh-hand (regional, Northern and Midland England, Ireland, and Scotland)<ref>"nigh hand, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • nobbut (rare; regional, Northern England)<ref>"nobbut, prep., conj., and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • non-obstant (obsolete)<ref>"non-obstant, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • notwithstand (obsolete)<ref>"notwithstand, conj., prep., and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • noughtwithstanding (obsolete)<ref>"noughtwithstanding, prep., adv., and conj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • offa (colloquial; regional)<ref>"offa, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • offen (regional)<ref>"offen, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • only (regional, Southern U.S. and South Midland U.S.)<ref>"only adj, adv, prep." Dictionary of American Regional English, digital version, Harvard UP, 2013. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • or (archaic)<ref>"or 2." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=or. Accessed 13 July 2020.</ref>
  • otherside (obsolete; regional, Scotland)<ref>"otherside, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • outcept (obsolete)<ref>"outcept, prep. and conj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • outen (regional)<ref>"outen, adv., adj., and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.</ref>
  • out-over (regional, Scotland)<ref>"out-over, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • outta (colloquial; regional, U.S.)<ref>"outta, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • out-taken (obsolete)<ref>"out-taken, prep. and conj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • out-taking (obsolete)<ref>"out-taking, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • out-through (regional, Scotland)<ref>"out-through, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • outwith (regional, Scotland)<ref>"outwith, prep., adv., and adj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 13 July 2020.</ref>
  • overcross (archaic; rare)<ref>"overcross, prep., adv., and adj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • over-right (regional, Scotland, Southern England, Ireland, Newfoundland)<ref>"over-right, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • overthorter (obsolete; regional, Scotland)<ref>"overthorter, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • overthwart (archaic; regional, Eastern, Midland, and Northern England)<ref>"overthwart, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 13 July 2020.</ref>
  • overtop (regional, North America)<ref>"overtop, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • pan (regional, Jamaica)<ref>"pan, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • pass (regional, Caribbean)<ref>"pass, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • pon (archaic; regional, Caribbean and Southwestern England)<ref>"pon, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 7 July 2020.</ref>
  • quoad (law)<ref>"quoad, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 13 July 2020.</ref>
  • reserved (obsolete)<ref>"reserved, conj. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • reserving (obsolete)<ref>"reserving, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • sauf (archaic) <ref>"sauf, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 7 July 2020.</ref>
  • seen (obsolete)<ref>"seen, conj. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • sen (rare; regional, Northern England and Scotland)<ref>"sen, adv., prep., and conj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • senza (music)<ref>"senza, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • side (dialectal, African-American English)<ref>"side, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • sidelings (obsolete)<ref>"sidelings, adv., prep., and adj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • sidelong (obsolete)<ref>"sidelong, adv.1, prep., and adj.2" Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • sides (dialectal, African-American English)<ref>"sides adv, prep." Dictionary of American Regional English, digital version, Harvard UP, 2013. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • sin (dialectal, Northern England English and Scots)<ref>"sin, adv., prep., and conj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • sineth (obsolete)<ref>"sineth, adv., prep., and conj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • sith (archaic)<ref>"sith." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=sith. Accessed 30 July 2020.</ref>
  • sithen (obsolete)<ref>"sithen, adv., conj., and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • sithence (obsolete)<ref>"sithence, adv., conj., and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 7 July 2020.</ref>
  • ter (regional)<ref>"ter, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • thorough (archaic; poetic; rare)<ref>"thorough, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • thorter (regional, Scotland)<ref>"thorter, adv., prep., adj., and n." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • thwart (archaic; nautical; poetic)<ref>"thwart, adv., prep., and adj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • thwart-over (dialectal; obsolete)<ref>"thwart-over, prep., adv., and adj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • tiv (dialectal, Northern England English)<ref>"tiv, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • touchant (obsolete)<ref>"touchant, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • transverse (obsolete)<ref>"transverse, adj., n., adv., and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • traverse (obsolete)<ref>"traverse, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • twel(l), twill (dialectal, African-American English)<ref>"till prep, conj." Dictionary of American Regional English, digital version, Harvard UP, 2013. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • ultra (obsolete; poetic)<ref>"ultra, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • umbe (obsolete)<ref>"umbe, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 13 July 2020.</ref><ref>"umbe." The Century Dictionary, vol. X, Century Co., 1911, p. 6572, babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015036876848&view=1up&seq=214. Accessed 30 July 2020.</ref>
  • unneath (obsolete; poetic)<ref>"unneath, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • upo’ (dialectal, Northern England English and Scots)<ref>"upo', prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • upside (slang)<ref>"upside." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=upside. Accessed 7 July 2020.</ref>Template:Efn
  • upsy, upsees (archaic; obsolete)<ref>"upsy, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref><ref>"upsees, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • uptill<ref>"uptill." The Century Dictionary, vol. X, Century Co., 1911, p. 6664, babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015036876848&view=1up&seq=306. Accessed 20 July 2020.</ref>
  • utouth (obsolete; regional, Scotland)<ref>"utouth, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • wid (dialectal, African-American English)<ref name="DAREwith">"with, adv, prep." Dictionary of American Regional English, digital version, Harvard UP, 2013. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • withinside (archaic; dialectal)<ref>"withinside, adv., prep., and n." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • withoutside (obsolete; rare)<ref>"withoutside, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • wiv (dialectal, African-American English and Cockney)<ref name="DAREwith" /><ref>"wiv, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • ymong (obsolete)<ref>"ymong, prep. and conj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • yond (obsolete)<ref>"yond, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>
  • yonside (regional, South Midland U.S.)<ref>"yonside, adv, prep." Dictionary of American Regional English, digital version, Harvard UP, 2013. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>

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Intransitive prepositions

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  • aground (archaic; poetic)<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL614" /><ref>"aground, adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 18 July 2020.</ref>
  • bush (regional, Australia)<ref name="CGEL615" />
  • hereat (archaic; obsolete)<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL613" /><ref>"hereat, adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 18 July 2020.</ref>
  • herefrom (rare)<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL613" /><ref>"herefrom, adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 18 July 2020.</ref>
  • hereon (rare)<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL613" /><ref>"hereon, adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 18 July 2020.</ref>
  • hither (archaic)<ref name="CGEL615" />
  • thereat (archaic; formal)<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL613" /><ref>"thereat, adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 18 July 2020.</ref>
  • therefrom (archaic; formal)<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL613" /><ref>"therefrom, adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 18 July 2020.</ref>
  • thereon (archaic; formal)<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL613" /><ref>"thereon, adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 18 July 2020.</ref>
  • thereupon (archaic; formal)<ref>"thereupon, adverb" Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus , Cambridge University Press, 2013. Accessed 30 Sep 2025.</ref>
  • thither (archaic)<ref name="CGEL615" />
  • whereat (archaic; formal)<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL613" /><ref>"whereat, adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 18 July 2020.</ref>
  • wherefrom (archaic; formal)<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL613" /><ref>"wherefrom, adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 18 July 2020.</ref>
  • whereof (archaic; formal)<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL613" /><ref>"whereof." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=whereof. Accessed 18 July 2020.</ref>
  • whereon (archaic; formal)<ref name="Aarts76" /><ref name="CGEL613" /><ref>"whereon, adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 18 July 2020.</ref>
  • whither (archaic)<ref name="CGEL615" />
  • yonder (archaic; dialectal)<ref name="CGEL615" />

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Conjunctive prepositions

  • but (archaic in uses such as "There wasn't one among them but would have taken my place.")<ref name="CGEL971" />

Postpositions

  • withal (archaic)<ref>"withal, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.</ref>

Complex prepositions

  • at after (regional, England)<ref>"at after, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 19 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • down on (colloquial)<ref>"down, adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • ex relatione (law)<ref>"ex relatione, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 19 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • hard by (archaic)<ref>"hard by, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • inside of (colloquial; regional, Australia and U.S.)<ref>"inside, n., adj., adv., and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.</ref>
  • non obstante (law)<ref>"non obstante." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=non+obstante. Accessed 19 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • nigh by (obsolete)<ref>"nigh by, adv., prep., and adj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 19 Aug. 2020.</ref>
  • opposite to (regional, Britain)<ref>"opposite to." Collins English Dictionary, HarperCollins, 2020, www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/opposite-to. Accessed 26 Aug. 2020.</ref>

See also

Notes

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References

<references/>

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