List of Ottoman grand viziers

Template:Short description Template:Infobox official post The grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire (Template:Langx or Sadr-ı Azam (Sadrazam); Ottoman Turkish: {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} or {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) was the de facto prime minister of the sultan, with the absolute power of attorney and, in principle, removable only by the sultan himself in the classical period, before the Tanzimat reforms, or until the 1908 Revolution. He held the imperial seal and could summon all other viziers to attend to affairs of the state in the Imperial Council; the viziers in conference were called "kubbe viziers" in reference to their meeting place, the Kubbealtı ('under-the-dome') in Topkapı Palace. His offices were located at the Sublime Porte.

History

Template:State organization of the Ottoman Empire During the emerging phases of the Ottoman state, "vizier" was the only title used. The first of these Ottoman viziers who was titled "grand vizier" was Çandarlı Kara Halil Hayreddin Pasha (also known as Çandarlı Halil Pasha the Elder). The purpose in instituting the title "grand vizier" was to differentiate the holder of the sultan's seal from other viziers. The initially more regularly used title of vezir-i âzam was slowly replaced by sadrazam, both meaning grand vizier in practice. Throughout Ottoman history, the grand viziers have also been called sadr-ı âlî ('high vizier'), vekil-i mutlak ('absolute attorney'), sâhib-i devlet ('holder of the state'), serdar-ı ekrem ('gracious general'), serdar-ı azam ('grand general'), and zât-ı âsafî ('vizieral person') and başnazır,<ref>Template:Google books</ref> literally "prime minister" in Ottoman Turkish. The Office of the Grand Vizier was called the sadaret.

In the late periods of the Ottoman Empire, especially during and after the 19th century, the grand vizier began to hold a position almost identical to that of a prime minister in other European states.<ref>Template:Google books</ref> Reforms seen during and after the Tanzimat (1838), the First Constitutional Era (1876–1878), and the Second Constitutional Era (1908–1920) further brought the office of the grand vizier in line with the European standard, making the incumbent the head of a Cabinet of other ministers. During the two constitutional eras, the grand vizier also served as the speaker of the Senate, the upper house of the bicameral Ottoman Parliament. With the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, the Prime Minister of Turkey took on the roles of the former office.

Grand viziers were often replaced or resigned in rapid succession, frequently leading to political instability. In the final 10 years of the Empire alone, the office of the grand vizier changed hands 13 times between 12 men; some, such as Ahmed Izzet Pasha and Salih Hulusi Pasha, held office for less than a month.

Office of the Grand Vizierate

The Office of the Grand Vizierate was known as the Sadaret-i Uzma, or alternatively the Baş Vekâlet (The Prime Ministry), or Bâb-ı Âli (Literally the Sublime Porte, all the departments under the Vezierate). In 1839, this office included only included the Âmedi-i Divan-ı Hümayun (Office of the Imperial Council).Template:Sfn Template:Page needed

List of grand viziers

Chief viziers (1320–1439)

Template:Very long


Vizier		Term of office			Sultan
Portrait	Template:Small Name Template:Small	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Sultan
	Kemaleddinoğlu Alaeddin Pasha Template:Smaller	1320	1331	11 years	Osman I File:I Osman.jpg Template:Small
	Kemaleddinoğlu Alaeddin Pasha Template:Smaller	1320	1331	11 years	Orhan File:Metehanzade orhangazi.jpg Template:Small
	Mahmudoğlu Nizamüddin Ahmed Pasha Template:Smaller	1331	1348	17 years
	Mehmet Hacı Pasha Template:Smaller	1348	1349	1 year
	Sinanüddin Fakih Yusuf Pasha Template:Smaller	1349	Template:Smaller 1364 † Template:Smaller	15 years
	Sinanüddin Fakih Yusuf Pasha Template:Smaller	1349	Template:Smaller 1364 † Template:Smaller	15 years	Murad I File:Murad I.jpg Template:Small
	Template:Small Çandarlızade Halil Hayreddin Pasha Template:Smaller	1364	Template:Smaller 1387 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
	Çandarlızade Ali Pasha Template:Smaller	1387	1406 † Template:Smaller	19 years
					Bayezid I File:Baiazeth. P. IIII.jpg Template:Small
					Süleyman Çelebi File:Arolsen Klebeband 01 449 4.jpg Template:Small
	Template:Small Imamzade Halil Pasha Template:Smaller	1406	1413	7 years	Mehmed I File:Mehmed I miniature.jpg Template:Small
	Template:Small Bayezid Pasha Template:Smaller	1413	Template:Smaller 1421 † Template:Smaller	8 years	Mehmed I File:Mehmed I miniature.jpg Template:Small
	Template:Small Bayezid Pasha Template:Smaller	1413	Template:Smaller 1421 † Template:Smaller	8 years	Murad II File:Sultan Murad II, portrait from 19th century manuscript.jpg Template:Small
	Çandarlızade Ibrahim Pasha the Elder Template:Smaller	1421	1429 † Template:Smaller	8 years
	Template:Small Template:Small Mehmed Nizamüddin Pasha Template:Smaller	1429	1439	10 years

Grand Viziers (1439–1839)

The position of grand vizier was established with Murad II's appointment of Çandarlızade Halil Pasha the Younger to such a position. In the 19th century, Mahmud II would abolish the title of Grand Vizier, and appointed Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha as Başvekil, or Prime Minister. Upon Sultan Abdülmecid I's ascention to the throne, the Grand Vizierate was restored.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>


Grand Vizier		Term of office			Sultan
Portrait	Template:Small Name Template:Small	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Sultan
	Çandarlızade Halil Pasha the Younger Template:Smaller	1439	Template:Smaller 1453 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd	Murad II File:Sultan Murad II, portrait from 19th century manuscript.jpg Template:Small
					Mehmed II File:Sarayi Album 145ba.jpg Template:Small
					Murad II File:Sultan Murad II, portrait from 19th century manuscript.jpg Template:Small
					Mehmed II File:Sarayi Album 145ba.jpg Template:Small

	Zaganos Pasha Template:Smaller	1453	1456	3 years
File:Mahmud Pasha.png	Mahmud Pasha Angelović Template:Smaller Template:Small	1456	1468	12 years
	Template:Small Mehmed Pasha Template:Smaller	1468	1469	1 year
	Ishak Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	1469	1472	3 years
File:Mahmud Pasha.png	Mahmud Pasha Angelović Template:Smaller Template:Small	1472	1474 † Template:Smaller	2 years
	Gedik Ahmed Pasha Template:Smaller	1474	1477	3 years
	Karamani Mehmed Pasha Template:Smaller	1477	Template:Smaller 1481 † Template:Smaller	4 years
	Ishak Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	1481	1482	1 year	Bayezid II File:Beyazid II.jpg Template:Small
	Template:Small Davud Pasha Template:Smaller	1482	1497	15 years
	Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	1497	1498	1 year
	Çandarlızade Ibrahim Pasha the Younger Template:Smaller	1498	1499 † Template:Smaller	1 year
File:Guillaume Caoursin Latin 6067 62v (cropped).jpg	Mesih Pasha Palaiologos Template:Smaller	1499	Template:Smaller 1501 † Template:Smaller	2 years
	Template:Small Ali Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	1501	1503	2 years
	Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	1503	1506	3 years
	Template:Small Ali Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	1506	Template:Smaller 1511 † Template:Smaller	5 years
	Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	1511	1511	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Mustafa Pasha Template:Smaller	1511	1512 † Template:Smaller	1 year
	Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	1512	Template:Smaller 1514	Template:Ayd	Selim I File:Paolo Veronese (Nachfolger) - Sultan Selim I. - 2240 - Bavarian State Painting Collections.jpg Template:Small
	Dukakinzade Ahmed Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1514	Template:Smaller 1515 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
	Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1515	Template:Smaller 1516	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Sinan Pasha Borovinić Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1516	Template:Smaller 1517 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
File:Arolsen Klebeband 01 461 1.jpg	Yunus Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1517	Template:Smaller 1517 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
File:Piri-mehmed-pasa-1.jpg	Template:Small Mehmed Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1518	Template:Smaller 1523	Template:Ayd
File:Piri-mehmed-pasa-1.jpg	Template:Small Mehmed Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1518	Template:Smaller 1523	Template:Ayd	Suleiman I File:EmperorSuleiman.jpg Template:Small
File:Pargalı İbrahim Paşa.jpg	Template:Small İbrahim Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1523	Template:Smaller 1536 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
File:Ajas d. 1539 (cropped).jpg	Ayas Mehmed Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1536	Template:Smaller 1539 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
File:Arolsen Klebeband 01 465 3.jpg	Template:Small Lütfi Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1539	Template:Smaller 1541	Template:Ayd
File:Arolsen Klebeband 01 465 2 (cropped).jpg	Template:Small Süleyman Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1541	Template:Smaller 1544	Template:Ayd
File:Ruestem presumably.jpg	Template:Small Rüstem Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1544	Template:Smaller 1553	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Ahmed Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1553	Template:Smaller 1555 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
File:Ruestem presumably.jpg	Template:Small Rüstem Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1555	Template:Smaller 1561 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
	Semiz Ali Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1561	Template:Smaller 1565 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
File:Mehmed Sokolović (ca 1505-1579).png	Template:Small Mehmed Pasha Template:Smaller		Template:Smaller 1579 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
		Template:Smaller 1565			Selim II File:Portrait Of Sultan Selim II.jpg Template:Small
					Murad III File:Sultan Murad III.jpg Template:Small
	Semiz Ahmed Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1579	Template:Smaller 1580 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
File:Arolsen Klebeband 01 471 3.jpg	Template:Small Template:Small Mustafa Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1580	Template:Smaller 1580 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
File:Sinan pasha.jpg	Template:Small Sinan Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1580	Template:Smaller 1582	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Siyavuş Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1582	Template:Smaller 1584	Template:Ayd
File:Secaatname 0196 detail.png	Özdemiroğlu Osman Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1584	Template:Smaller 1585 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Mesih Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1585	Template:Smaller 1586	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Siyavuş Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1586	Template:Smaller 1589 Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
File:Sinan pasha.jpg	Template:Small Sinan Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1589	Template:Smaller 1591	Template:Ayd
File:Ferhat Pasha.png	Serdar Ferhad Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1591	Template:Smaller 1592	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Siyavuş Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1592	Template:Smaller 1593	Template:Ayd
File:Sinan pasha.jpg	Template:Small Sinan Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1593	Template:Smaller 1595	Template:Ayd
File:Sinan pasha.jpg		Template:Smaller 1593	Template:Smaller 1595	Template:Ayd	Mehmed III File:Sultan Mehmet III of the Ottoman Empire.jpg Template:Small
File:Ferhat Pasha.png	Serdar Ferhad Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1595	Template:Smaller 1595	Template:Ayd
File:Sinan pasha.jpg	Template:Small Sinan Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1595	Template:Smaller 1595	Template:Ayd
File:Lala mehmed pasha.jpg	Template:Small Template:Small Mehmed Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1595	Template:Smaller 1595 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
File:Sinan pasha.jpg	Template:Small Sinan Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1595	Template:Smaller 1596 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Ibrahim Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1596	Template:Smaller 1596	Template:Ayd
File:Cicala.jpg	Cığalazâde Yusuf Sinan Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1596	Template:Smaller 1596	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Ibrahim Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1596	Template:Smaller 1597	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Hasan Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1597	Template:Smaller 1598 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Mehmed Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1598	Template:Smaller 1599	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Ibrahim Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1599	Template:Smaller 1601 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Template:Small Hasan Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1601	Template:Smaller 1603 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
	Malkoç Yavuz Ali Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1603	Template:Smaller 1604 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
	Malkoç Yavuz Ali Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1603	Template:Smaller 1604 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd	Ahmed I File:Sultan Ahmed I.jpg Template:Small
	Template:Small Sokolluzade Mehmed Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1604	Template:Smaller 1606 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Derviş Mehmed Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1606	Template:Smaller 1606 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
File:Kuyucu Murat Paşa.jpg	Template:Small Murad Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1606	Template:Smaller 1611 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Template:Small Nasuh Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1611	Template:Smaller 1614 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
File:Öküz Mehmed Pasha Statue, Kuşadası 05.jpg	Template:Small Template:Small Mehmed Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1614	Template:Smaller 1616	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Halil Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small		Template:Smaller 1619	Template:Ayd
		Template:Smaller 1616			Mustafa I File:Mustafa I portrait.jpg Template:Small
					Osman II File:Osman 2.jpg Template:Small
File:Öküz Mehmed Pasha Statue, Kuşadası 05.jpg	Template:Small Template:Small Mehmed Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1619	Template:Smaller 1619 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Ali Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1619	Template:Smaller 1621 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Hüseyin Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1621	Template:Smaller 1621	Template:Ayd
	Dilaver Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1621	Template:Smaller 1622 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Hüseyin Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1622	Template:Smaller 1622 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Davud Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1622	Template:Smaller 1622 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd	Mustafa I File:Mustafa I portrait.jpg Template:Small
	Template:Small Hüseyin Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1622	Template:Smaller 1622	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Mustafa Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1622	Template:Smaller 1622	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Mustafa Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1622	Template:Smaller 1622	Template:Ayd	Murad IV File:Murad IV.jpg Template:Small
	Template:Small Mehmed Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1622	Template:Smaller 1623	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Hüseyin Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1623	Template:Smaller 1623	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Template:Small Ali Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1623	Template:Smaller 1624 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Mehmed Ali Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1624	Template:Smaller 1625 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Müezzinzade Ahmed Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1625	Template:Smaller 1626	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Halil Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1626	Template:Smaller 1628	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Ekrem Hüsrev Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1628	Template:Smaller 1631	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Müezzinzade Ahmed Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1631	Template:Smaller 1632 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Recep Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1632	Template:Smaller 1632 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Mehmed Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1632	Template:Smaller 1637	Template:Ayd
	Bayram Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1637	Template:Smaller 1638	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Mehmed Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1638	Template:Smaller 1638 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Template:Small Mustafa Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1638	Template:Smaller 1644 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
		Template:Smaller 1638	Template:Smaller 1644 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd	Ibrahim File:Ibrahim Deli.jpg Template:Small
	Sultanzade Mehmet Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1644	Template:Smaller 1645	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Salih Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1645	Template:Smaller 1647 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Musa Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1647	Template:Smaller 1647	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Ahmet Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1647	Template:Smaller 1648 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Mehmed Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1648	Template:Smaller 1649 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd	Mehmed IV File:Sultan Mehmed IV (2).jpg Template:Small
	Template:Small Template:Small Murat Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1649	Template:Smaller 1651	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Template:Small Ahmed Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1651	Template:Smaller 1651	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Siyavuş Pasha the Elder Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1651	Template:Smaller 1651	Template:Ayd
File:Gürcü Mehmet Paşa.JPG	Template:Small Mehmed Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1651	Template:Smaller 1652	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Ahmed Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1652	Template:Smaller 1653 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Dervish Mehmed Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1653	Template:Smaller 1654	Template:Ayd
	İpşiri Mustafa Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1654	Template:Smaller 1655 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Template:Small Murat Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1655	Template:Smaller 1655	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Suleyman Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1655	Template:Smaller 1656	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Template:Small Hüseyin Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1656	Template:Smaller 1656	Template:Ayd
	Zurnazen Mustafa Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1656	Template:Smaller 1656 Template:Smaller	4 hours<ref>İzahlı Osmanlı Tarihi Kronolojisi, Cilt:5, İsmail Hami Danişmend</ref>
	Template:Small Siyavuş Pasha the Elder Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1656	Template:Smaller 1656 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Mehmed Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1656	Template:Smaller 1656	Template:Ayd
File:Mehmedpasha.jpg	Template:Small Mehmed Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1656	Template:Smaller 1661 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
File:Köprülü Ahmed kőrajz.jpg	Köprülüzade Fazıl Ahmed Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1661	Template:Smaller 1676 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
File:Kara Mustafa Pasha.jpg	Template:Small Template:Small Mustafa Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1676	Template:Smaller 1683 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
File:Kara İbrahim Pascha (1620–1687).jpg	Template:Small İbrahim Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1683	Template:Smaller 1685	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Süleyman Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1685	Template:Smaller 1687 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Siyavuş Pasha the Younger Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1687	Template:Smaller 1688 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
		Template:Smaller 1687	Template:Smaller 1688 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd	Suleiman II File:II Suleyman.jpg Template:Small
	Template:Small İsmail Kemalettin Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1688	Template:Smaller 1688	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Mustafa Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1688	Template:Smaller 1689	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Köprülüzade Fazıl Mustafa Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1689	Template:Smaller 1691 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
		Template:Smaller 1689	Template:Smaller 1691 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd	Ahmed II File:Ahmed II Sahand Ace.jpg Template:Small
	Template:Small Bahadırzade Ali Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1691	Template:Smaller 1692	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Çalık Ali Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1692	Template:Smaller 1693	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Mustafa Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1693	Template:Smaller 1694	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Ali Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1694	Template:Smaller 1695	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Ali Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1694	Template:Smaller 1695	Template:Ayd	Mustafa II File:Mustafa II dressed in full armour.JPG Template:Small
	Template:Small Mehmed Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1695	Template:Smaller 1697 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
File:Köprülü Hüseyin Pasha (cropped).jpg	Amcazade Köprülü Hüseyin Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1697	Template:Smaller 1702	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Mustafa Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1702	Template:Smaller 1703 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
	Rami Mehmed Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1703	Template:Smaller 1703 Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Kavanoz Ahmed Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1703	Template:Smaller 1703	Template:Ayd	Ahmed III File:Levni 002 detail.jpg Template:Small
	Template:Small Hasan Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1703	Template:Smaller 1704	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Template:Small Template:Interlanguage link Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1704	Template:Smaller 1704	Template:Ayd
File:Baltacı Mehmet Pasha from William Hogarth (1697-1764) illustration Bataille du Prout.jpg	Template:Small Mehmed Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1704	Template:Smaller 1706	Template:Ayd
File:27.Vanmour - Visir.jpg	Template:Small Template:Small Ali Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1706	Template:Smaller 1710	Template:Ayd
	Köprülüzade Numan Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1710	Template:Smaller 1710	Template:Ayd
File:Baltacı Mehmet Pasha from William Hogarth (1697-1764) illustration Bataille du Prout.jpg	Template:Small Mehmed Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1710	Template:Smaller 1711	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Template:Small Yusuf Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1711	Template:Smaller 1712	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Süleyman Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1712	Template:Smaller 1713	Template:Ayd
	Template:Interlanguage link Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1713	Template:Smaller 1713 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
File:Sehid-ali-pasa-1.jpg	Template:Small Template:Small Ali Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1713	Template:Smaller 1716 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Halil Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1716	Template:Smaller 1717	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Template:Interlanguage link Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1717	Template:Smaller 1718	Template:Ayd
File:De grootvizier Nevşehirli Damat Ĭbrahim Pasa Rijksmuseum SK-A-2017.jpeg	Template:Small Template:Small Ibrahim Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1718	Template:Smaller 1730 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Template:Small Template:Interlanguage link Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1730	Template:Smaller 1731	Template:Ayd	Mahmud I File:Sultan Mahmud I – Jean Baptiste Vanmour.jpg (cropped).jpg Template:Small
	Template:Small Template:Interlanguage link Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1731	Template:Smaller 1731	Template:Ayd
File:Topal Osman Pasha.jpg	Template:Small Osman Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1731	Template:Smaller 1732	Template:Ayd
	Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1732	Template:Smaller 1735	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Template:Interlanguage link Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1735	Template:Smaller 1735	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Template:Small Template:Interlanguage link multi Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1736	Template:Smaller 1737	Template:Ayd
	Template:Interlanguage link Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1737	Template:Smaller 1737	Template:Ayd
	Template:Interlanguage link Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1737	Template:Smaller 1739	Template:Ayd
	İvazzade Mehmed Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1739	Template:Smaller 1740	Template:Ayd
File:Portrait of a Grand Vizier (?).jpg	Template:Small Template:Small Template:Small Ahmed Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1740	Template:Smaller 1742	Template:Ayd
	Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1742	Template:Smaller 1742	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Hasan Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1742	Template:Smaller 1746	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Template:Interlanguage link Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1746	Template:Smaller 1747	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Abdullah Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1747	Template:Smaller 1750	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Mehmed Emin Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1750	Template:Smaller 1752	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Bahir Mustafa Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1752	Template:Smaller 1755	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Bahir Mustafa Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1752	Template:Smaller 1755	Template:Ayd	Osman III File:III.Osman.webp Template:Small
	Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1755	Template:Smaller 1755	Template:Ayd
	Naili Abdullah Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1755	Template:Smaller 1755	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Template:Small Template:Small Template:Interlanguage link Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1755	Template:Smaller 1755 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
File:Said Effendi by Coypel in Paris in 1742.jpg	Yirmisekizzade Mehmed Said Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1755	Template:Smaller 1756	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Bahir Mustafa Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1756	Template:Smaller 1756	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Mehmet Ragıp Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1757	Template:Smaller 1763 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Mehmet Ragıp Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1757	Template:Smaller 1763 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd	Mustafa III File:Mustafa3.jpg Template:Small
	Template:Interlanguage link Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1763	Template:Smaller 1763	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Bahir Mustafa Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1763	Template:Smaller 1765 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
	Template:Interlanguage link Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1765	Template:Smaller 1768	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Template:Interlanguage link Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1768	Template:Smaller 1768	Template:Ayd
	Template:Interlanguage link Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1768	Template:Smaller 1769 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Template:Interlanguage link Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1769	Template:Smaller 1769	Template:Ayd
	İvazzade Halil Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1769	Template:Smaller 1770	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Template:Small Template:Interlanguage link Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1770	Template:Smaller 1771	Template:Ayd
	Template:Interlanguage link Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1771	Template:Smaller 1774 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
		Template:Smaller 1771	Template:Smaller 1774 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd	Abdul Hamid I File:Portrait of Abdülhamid I of the Ottoman Empire.jpg Template:Small
	İzzet Mehmed Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1774	Template:Smaller 1775	Template:Ayd
	Template:Interlanguage link Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1775	Template:Smaller 1777	Template:Ayd
	Template:Smaller Template:Interlanguage link Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1777	Template:Smaller 1778	Template:Ayd
	Template:Smaller Template:Interlanguage link Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1778	Template:Smaller 1779	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Template:Small Template:Interlanguage link multi Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1779	Template:Smaller 1781 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
	İzzet Mehmed Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1781	Template:Smaller 1782	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Template:Small Template:Interlanguage link Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1782	Template:Smaller 1782	Template:Ayd
File:Galanterieen der Turken-p169-Vizier in state dress-large.jpg	Halil Hamid Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1782	Template:Smaller 1785 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
	Template:Interlanguage link Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1785	Template:Smaller 1786	Template:Ayd
File:Le grand vizir Youssouf Pacha en 1788.jpg	Template:Small Yusuf Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1786	Template:Smaller 1789	Template:Ayd
File:Le grand vizir Youssouf Pacha en 1788.jpg		Template:Smaller 1786	Template:Smaller 1789	Template:Ayd	Selim III File:Joseph Warnia-Zarzecki - Sultan Selim III - Google Art Project.jpg Template:Small
	Template:Small Template:Small Hasan Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1789	Template:Smaller 1790	Template:Ayd
File:Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Paşa büstü.JPG	Template:Small Template:Small Hasan Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1790	Template:Smaller 1790 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
	Çelebizade Şerif Hasan Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1790	Template:Smaller 1791 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
File:Le grand vizir Youssouf Pacha en 1788.jpg	Template:Small Yusuf Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1791	1792	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Template:Interlanguage link Template:Smaller	1792	Template:Smaller 1794	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small İzzet Mehmet Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1794	Template:Smaller 1798	Template:Ayd
File:The Grand Vizier Kör Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha (cropped).jpg	Template:Small Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1798	Template:Smaller 1805	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Template:Small Template:Interlanguage link Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1805	Template:Smaller 1806	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Template:Interlanguage link Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1806	Template:Smaller 1807	Template:Ayd
		Template:Smaller 1806	Template:Smaller 1807	Template:Ayd	Mustafa IV File:IV. Mustafa (cropped).jpg Template:Small
	Template:Interlanguage link Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1807	Template:Smaller 1808	Template:Ayd
File:Mustafa bairakdar.jpg	Template:Small Mustafa Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1808	Template:Smaller 1808 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd	Mahmud II File:Athanasios Karantz(ou)las - Sultan Mahmud II - Google Art Project.jpg Template:Small
	Template:Small Memiş Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1808	Template:Smaller 1808	Template:Ayd
File:Sadrazam.jpg	Template:Small Ali Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1808	Template:Smaller 1809	Template:Ayd
File:The Grand Vizier Kör Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha (cropped).jpg	Template:Small Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1809	Template:Smaller 1811	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Aziz Ahmed Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1811	Template:Smaller 1812	Template:Ayd
File:Portrait of Hurshid Pasha 2.jpg	Hurşit Ahmed Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1812	Template:Smaller 1815	Template:Ayd
File:Mehmet eminrauf.jpg	Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1815	Template:Smaller 1818	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Template:Interlanguage link Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1818	Template:Smaller 1820	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Template:Small Template:Interlanguage link Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1820	Template:Smaller 1821	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Ali Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1821	Template:Smaller 1821 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Template:Small Template:Interlanguage link multi Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1821	Template:Smaller 1822	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Template:Small Abdullah Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1822	Template:Smaller 1823	Template:Ayd
	Template:Small Template:Interlanguage link Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1823	Template:Smaller 1823	Template:Ayd
	Mehmed Said Galip Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1823	Template:Smaller 1824	Template:Ayd
	Mehmed Selim Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1824	Template:Smaller 1828	Template:Ayd
File:Topal izzet pasha.jpg	Template:Small İzzet Mehmed Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1828	Template:Smaller 1829	Template:Ayd
File:Ritratto del pascià Rescild - Giovanni Boggi.jpg	Reşid Mehmed Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1829	Template:Smaller 1833	Template:Ayd
File:Mehmet eminrauf.jpg	Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1833	Template:Smaller 1839	Template:Ayd
File:Mehmet eminrauf.jpg	Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	Template:Smaller 1833	Template:Smaller 1839	Template:Ayd	Abdulmejid I File:Sultan Abdülmecid - Google Art Project.jpg Template:Small
File:Koca husrev.jpg	Template:Small Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller 1839	Template:Smaller 1839	Template:Ayd
Proclamation of the Gülhane Edict

Tanzimat (1839–1876)

The Gülhane edict was announced soon after Abdul Mecid's sword girding, ushering in the Tanzimat period, a time of major bureaucratic and administrative reform.


Grand Vizier		Term of office				Sultan
Portrait	Template:Small Name Template:Small	Took office		Left office	Time in office	Sultan
File:Koca husrev.jpg	Template:Small Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha Template:Smaller	•	Template:Smaller 1839	Template:Smaller 1841	Template:Ayd	Abdulmejid I File:Sultan Abdülmecid - Google Art Project.jpg Template:Small
File:Mehmet eminrauf.jpg	Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	3	Template:Smaller 1841	Template:Smaller 1841	Template:Ayd
File:Topal izzet pasha.jpg	Template:Small İzzet Mehmed Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	2	Template:Smaller 1841	Template:Smaller 1842	Template:Ayd
File:Mehmet eminrauf.jpg	Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	4	Template:Smaller 1842	Template:Smaller 1846	Template:Ayd
File:Resid pasha (cropped).jpg	Template:Small Mustafa Reşid Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	1	Template:Smaller 1846	Template:Smaller 1848	Template:Ayd
File:Sarim pasa.jpg	İbrahim Sarim Pasha Template:Smaller	•	Template:Smaller 1848	Template:Smaller 1848	Template:Ayd
File:Resid pasha (cropped).jpg	Template:Small Mustafa Reşid Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	2	Template:Smaller 1848	Template:Smaller 1852	Template:Ayd
File:Mehmet eminrauf.jpg	Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	5	Template:Smaller 1852	Template:Smaller 1852	Template:Ayd
File:Resid pasha (cropped).jpg	Template:Small Mustafa Reşit Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	3	Template:Smaller 1852	Template:Smaller 1852	Template:Ayd
File:Mehmet emin ali pasja.jpg	Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	1	Template:Smaller 1852	Template:Smaller 1852	Template:Ayd
File:Damat mehmed ali pasa.jpg	Template:Small Mehmed Ali Pasha Template:Smaller	•	Template:Smaller 1852	Template:Smaller 1853	Template:Ayd
File:Naili pasa.jpg	Mustafa Naili Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	1	Template:Smaller 1853	Template:Smaller 1854	Template:Ayd
File:Kibrisli mehmet emin2.jpg	Template:Small Mehmed Emin Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	1	Template:Smaller 1854	Template:Smaller 1854	Template:Ayd
File:Resid pasha (cropped).jpg	Template:Small Mustafa Reşid Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	4	Template:Smaller 1854	Template:Smaller 1855	Template:Ayd
File:Mehmet emin ali pasja.jpg	Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	2	Template:Smaller 1855	Template:Smaller 1856	Template:Ayd
File:Resid pasha (cropped).jpg	Template:Small Mustafa Reşid Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	5	Template:Smaller 1856	Template:Smaller 1857	Template:Ayd
File:Naili pasa.jpg	Mustafa Naili Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	2	Template:Smaller 1857	Template:Smaller 1857	Template:Ayd
File:Resid pasha (cropped).jpg	Template:Small Mustafa Reşid Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	6	Template:Smaller 1857	Template:Smaller 1858 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
File:Mehmet emin ali pasja.jpg	Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	3	Template:Smaller 1858	Template:Smaller 1859	Template:Ayd
File:Kibrisli mehmet emin2.jpg	Template:Small Mehmed Emin Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	2	Template:Smaller 1859	Template:Smaller 1859	Template:Ayd
File:M Rushdi Pasha.jpg	Template:Small Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	1	Template:Smaller 1859	Template:Smaller 1860	Template:Ayd
File:Kibrisli mehmet emin2.jpg	Template:Small Mehmed Emin Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	3	Template:Smaller 1860	Template:Smaller 1861	Template:Ayd
File:Kibrisli mehmet emin2.jpg		3	Template:Smaller 1860	Template:Smaller 1861	Template:Ayd	Abdulaziz File:Sultan Abdulaziz I.JPG Template:Small
File:Mehmet emin ali pasja.jpg	Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	4	Template:Smaller 1861	Template:Smaller 1861	Template:Ayd
File:Mehmed fuad.jpg	Keçecizade Mehmed Fuad Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	1	Template:Smaller 1861	Template:Smaller 1863	Template:Ayd
File:Yusuf Kamil Pasha.jpg	Yusuf Kamil Pasha Template:Smaller	•	Template:Smaller 1863	Template:Smaller 1863	Template:Ayd
File:Mehmed fuad.jpg	Keçecizade Mehmed Fuad Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	2	Template:Smaller 1863	Template:Smaller 1866	Template:Ayd
File:M Rushdi Pasha.jpg	Template:Small Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	2	Template:Smaller 1866	Template:Smaller 1867	Template:Ayd
File:Mehmet emin ali pasja.jpg	Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	5	Template:Smaller 1867	Template:Smaller 1871 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
File:Mahmut nedim.jpg	Mahmud Nedim Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	1	Template:Smaller 1871	Template:Smaller 1872	Template:Ayd
File:Nadar - Portrait of Midhat Pasha.jpg	Ahmed Şefik Midhat Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	1	Template:Smaller 1872	Template:Smaller 1872	Template:Ayd
File:M Rushdi Pasha.jpg	Template:Small Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	3	Template:Smaller 1872	Template:Smaller 1873	Template:Ayd
File:Ahmed Esad Pasha.jpg	Ahmed Esat Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	1	Template:Smaller 1873	Template:Smaller 1873	Template:Ayd
File:Şirvanlı Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha.jpg	Şirvanizade Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha Template:Smaller	•	Template:Smaller 1873	Template:Smaller 1874	Template:Ayd
File:Huseyin Avni Pasha photo.jpg	Hüseyin Avni Pasha Template:Smaller	•	Template:Smaller 1874	Template:Smaller 1875	Template:Ayd
File:Ahmed Esad Pasha.jpg	Ahmed Esat Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	2	Template:Smaller 1875	Template:Smaller 1875 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
File:Mahmut nedim.jpg	Mahmud Nedim Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	2	Template:Smaller 1875	Template:Smaller 1876 Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd
File:M Rushdi Pasha.jpg	Template:Small Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	4		Template:Smaller 1876	Template:Ayd
			Template:Smaller 1876			Murad V File:Portrait of Murad V.jpg Template:Small
						Abdul Hamid II File:Sultan Abdulhamid.jpg Template:Small
Promulgation of Constitution

First Constitutional Monarchy (1876–1878)

Under pressure from constitutionalist ministers which overthrew his relatives Abdülaziz and Murad V, Abdülhamid II promulgated a constitution and parliament upon his ascension to the throne.


Grand Vizier		Term of office				Legislature	Title	Sultan
Portrait	Template:Small Name Template:Small	Took office		Left office	Time in office	Legislature	Title	Sultan
File:Nadar - Portrait of Midhat Pasha.jpg	Ahmed Şefik Midhat Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	2	Template:Smaller 1876	Template:Smaller 1877	Template:Ayd	—	Grand Vizier	Abdul Hamid II File:Sultan Abdulhamid.jpg Template:Small
File:Ibrahim edhem pasha.jpg	İbrahim Edhem Pasha Template:Smaller	•	Template:Smaller 1877	Template:Smaller 1878	Template:Ayd	—	Grand Vizier
						I (1876)
						II (1877)
File:Ahmed Hamdi Pasha.jpg	Ahmed Hamdi Pasha Template:Smaller	•	Template:Smaller 1878	Template:Smaller 1878	Template:Ayd		Grand Vizier
File:Ahmet vefik2.jpg	Ahmed Vefik Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	1	Template:Smaller 1878	Template:Smaller 1878	Template:Ayd		Prime Minister
Constitution suspended

İstibdat (1878–1908)

Abdul Hamid II suspended the constitution and parliament in the aftermath of the 1877–1878 Russo Turkish war, and ruled the Ottoman Empire for the next three decades in a personal dictatorship. Opposition politicians dubbed this era of Ottoman history as the era of İstibdat (despotism). Abdul Hamid revived the use of the title Başnazır, or Prime Minister, though he eventually settled on his government chiefs being called Sadr-ı Azam, or Grand Vizier.<ref name=":0" />


Grand Vizier		Term of office				Government	Title	Sultan
Portrait	Template:Small Name Template:Small	Took office		Left office	Time in office	Government	Title	Sultan
File:Ahmet vefik2.jpg	Ahmed Vefik Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	1	Template:Smaller 1878	Template:Smaller 1878	Template:Ayd	Vefik I	Prime Minister	Abdul Hamid II File:Sultan Abdulhamid.jpg Template:Small
File:Mehmed Sadik Pasha.jpg	Mehmed Sadık Pasha Template:Smaller	•	Template:Smaller 1878	Template:Smaller 1878	Template:Ayd	Sadık	Prime Minister
File:M Rushdi Pasha.jpg	Template:Small Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	5	Template:Smaller 1878	Template:Smaller 1878	Template:Ayd	Mütercim Rüşdi V	Grand Vizier
File:Saffet pasa.jpg	Mehmed Esat Saffet Pasha Template:Smaller	•	Template:Smaller 1878	Template:Smaller 1878	Template:Ayd	Saffet	Grand Vizier
File:Hayreddin pasa.jpg	Template:Small Hayreddin Pasha Template:Smaller	•	Template:Smaller 1878	Template:Smaller 1879	Template:Ayd	Hayreddin	Grand Vizier
File:Ahmed Arifi Pasha.jpg	Ahmed Arifi Pasha Template:Smaller	•	Template:Smaller 1879	Template:Smaller 1879	Template:Ayd	Arifi	Prime Minister
File:Mehmed Said Paşa Tatar.jpg	Template:Small Mehmed Said Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	1	Template:Smaller 1879	Template:Smaller 1880	Template:Ayd	Said I	Prime Minister
File:Mehmed Kadri Pasha.jpg	Cenanizade Mehmed Kadri Pasha Template:Smaller	•	Template:Smaller 1880	Template:Smaller 1880	Template:Ayd	Kadri	Prime Minister
File:Mehmed Said Paşa Tatar.jpg	Template:Small Mehmed Said Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	2	Template:Smaller 1880	Template:Smaller 1882	Template:Ayd	Said II	Prime Minister
File:Abdurrahman Nureddin Pasha.jpg	Abdurrahman Nureddin Pasha Template:Smaller	•	Template:Smaller 1882	Template:Smaller 1882	Template:Ayd	Nureddin	Prime Minister
File:Mehmed Said Paşa Tatar.jpg	Template:Small Mehmed Said Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	3	Template:Smaller 1882	Template:Smaller 1882	Template:Ayd	Said III	Prime Minister
File:Ahmet vefik2.jpg	Ahmed Vefik Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	2	Template:Smaller 1882	Template:Smaller 1882	Template:Ayd	Vefik II	Prime Minister
File:Mehmed Said Paşa Tatar.jpg	Template:Small Mehmed Said Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	4	Template:Smaller 1882	Template:Smaller 1885	Template:Ayd	Said IV	Grand Vizier
File:Kibrisli Kamil Pasha.jpg	Template:Small Mehmed Kâmil Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	1	Template:Smaller 1885	Template:Smaller 1891	Template:Ayd	Kâmil I	Grand Vizier
File:Ahmed cevad pasha.jpg	Ahmed Cevat Şakir Pasha Template:Smaller	•	Template:Smaller 1891	Template:Smaller 1895	Template:Ayd	Şakir	Grand Vizier
File:Mehmed Said Paşa Tatar.jpg	Template:Small Mehmed Said Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	5	Template:Smaller 1895	Template:Smaller 1895	Template:Ayd	Said V	Grand Vizier
File:Kibrisli Kamil Pasha.jpg	Template:Small Mehmed Kâmil Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	2	Template:Smaller 1895	Template:Smaller 1895	Template:Ayd	Kâmil II	Grand Vizier
File:Halil rifat pasha.jpg	Halil Rifat Pasha Template:Smaller	•	Template:Smaller 1895	Template:Smaller 1901 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd	Rifat	Grand Vizier
File:Mehmed Said Paşa Tatar.jpg	Template:Small Mehmed Said Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	6	Template:Smaller 1901	Template:Smaller 1903	Template:Ayd	Said VI	Grand Vizier
File:Mehmed Ferid Pasha3.jpg	Mehmed Ferid Pasha Template:Smaller	•	Template:Smaller 1903	Template:Smaller 1908	Template:Ayd	Avyonyalı Ferid	Grand Vizier
Young Turk Revolution, constitution repromulgated

Second Constitutional Monarchy (1908–1920)

The Young Turks force Abdul Hamid II to reinstate the constitution and parliament on 24 July 1908. Political parties were introduced in the Second Constitutional Era.

Template:Legend2


Grand Vizier		Term of office				Faction/Political Party		Legislature	Sultan
Portrait	Template:Small Name Template:Small	Took office		Left office	Time in office	Faction/Political Party		Legislature	Sultan
File:Mehmed Said Paşa Tatar.jpg	Template:Small Mehmed Said Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	7	Template:Smaller 1908	Template:Smaller 1908	Template:Ayd		Independent	—	Abdul Hamid II File:Sultan Abdulhamid.jpg Template:Small
File:Kibrisli Kamil Pasha.jpg	Template:Small Mehmed Kâmil Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	3	Template:Smaller 1908	Template:Smaller 1909 Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd		Independent
							Liberty Party
							Liberty Party	III (1908)
File:Hussein Hilmi Pacha.JPG	Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	1	Template:Smaller 1909	Template:Smaller 1909 Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd		Committee of Union and Progress
File:Tevfik pasha.jpg	Ahmet Tevfik Pasha (Okday) Template:Smaller Template:Small	1	Template:Smaller 1909	Template:Smaller 1909 Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd		Independent
File:Tevfik pasha.jpg		1	Template:Smaller 1909	Template:Smaller 1909 Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd		Independent		Mehmed V File:Sultan Mehmed V of the Ottoman Empire cropped.jpg Template:Small
File:Hussein Hilmi Pacha.JPG	Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	2	Template:Smaller 1909	Template:Smaller 1909	Template:Ayd		Committee of Union and Progress
File:Hussein Hilmi Pacha.JPG	Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	2	Template:Smaller 1909	Template:Smaller 1910	Template:Ayd		Committee of Union and Progress
File:Ibrahim Hakki Pasha.jpg	İbrahim Hakkı Pasha Template:Smaller	•	Template:Smaller 1910	Template:Smaller 1911	Template:Ayd		Committee of Union and Progress
File:Mehmed Said Paşa Tatar.jpg	Template:Small Mehmed Said Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	8	Template:Smaller 1911	Template:Smaller 1911	Template:Ayd		Committee of Union and Progress
		8	Template:Smaller 1911	Template:Smaller 1911				IV (1912)
		9	Template:Smaller 1911	Template:Smaller 1912 Template:Smaller
File:Mukhtar Pasha.jpg	Template:Small Ahmed Muhtar Pasha Template:Smaller	•	Template:Smaller 1912	Template:Smaller 1912	Template:Ayd		Independent
File:Mukhtar Pasha.jpg	Template:Small Ahmed Muhtar Pasha Template:Smaller	•	Template:Smaller 1912	Template:Smaller 1912	Template:Ayd		Independent	—
File:Kibrisli Kamil Pasha.jpg	Template:Small Mehmed Kâmil Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	4	Template:Smaller 1912	Template:Smaller 1913 Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd		Freedom and Accord Party
File:Kibrisli Kamil Pasha.jpg		4	Template:Smaller 1912	Template:Smaller 1913 Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd		Independent
File:Mahmud Shevket Pasha.png	Mahmud Şevket Pasha Template:Smaller	•	Template:Smaller 1913	Template:Smaller 1913 † Template:Smaller	Template:Ayd		Independent
File:Said Halim Pasha.jpg	Mehmed Said Halim Pasha Template:Smaller	•	Template:Smaller 1913	Template:Smaller 1917	Template:Ayd		Committee of Union and Progress
File:Said Halim Pasha.jpg	Mehmed Said Halim Pasha Template:Smaller	•	Template:Smaller 1913	Template:Smaller 1917	Template:Ayd		Committee of Union and Progress	V (1914)
File:Mehmed talat.jpg	Mehmed Talât Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	1	Template:Smaller 1917	Template:Smaller 1918	Template:Ayd		Committee of Union and Progress
File:Mehmed talat.jpg	Mehmed Talât Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	2	Template:Smaller 1918	Template:Smaller 1918	Template:Ayd		Committee of Union and Progress		Mehmed VI File:Sultan Mehmed VI of the Ottoman Empire.jpg Template:Small
File:Ahmet İzzet Paşa.jpg	Ahmed İzzet Pasha (Furgaç) Template:Smaller	•	Template:Smaller 1918	Template:Smaller 1918	Template:Ayd		Committee of Union and Progress
File:Ahmet İzzet Paşa.jpg	Ahmed İzzet Pasha (Furgaç) Template:Smaller	•	Template:Smaller 1918	Template:Smaller 1918	Template:Ayd		Independent
File:Tevfik pasha.jpg	Ahmet Tevfik Pasha (Okday) Template:Smaller Template:Small	2	Template:Smaller 1918	Template:Smaller 1919	Template:Ayd		Independent
		2	Template:Smaller 1918	Template:Smaller 1919				—
		3	Template:Smaller 1919	Template:Smaller 1919
		4	Template:Smaller 1919	Template:Smaller 1919
File:Damad Ferid Pasha 1919.jpg	Template:Small Mehmed Adil Ferid Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	1	Template:Smaller 1919	Template:Smaller 1919	Template:Ayd		Independent
		2	Template:Smaller 1919	Template:Smaller 1919
		3	Template:Smaller 1919	Template:Smaller 1919
File:AlirizaPasa.jpg	Ali Rıza Pasha Template:Smaller	1	Template:Smaller 1919	Template:Smaller 1920	Template:Ayd		Turkish Nationalist
		1	Template:Smaller 1919	Template:Smaller 1920				VI (1919)
		2	Template:Smaller 1920	Template:Smaller 1920
File:Hulusi bey.jpg	Salih Hulusi Pasha (Kezrak) Template:Smaller	•	Template:Smaller 1920	Template:Smaller 1920	Template:Ayd		Turkish Nationalist
Constitution suspended

Last grand viziers (1920–1922)

Following the end of the Second Constitutional Era in 1920, the Ottoman Empire was in a state of diarchy, with the government based in Constantinople and the government based in Ankara both asserting themselves as the legitimate Turkish government. Mehmed VI abolished the constitution and suspended parliament when the Chamber of Deputies voted in support of the National Pact in the Turkish War of Independence.


Grand Vizier		Term of office				Faction/ Political party		Sultan
Portrait	Template:Small Name Template:Small	Took office		Left office	Time in office	Faction/ Political party		Sultan
File:Damad Ferid Pasha 1919.jpg	Template:Small Mehmed Adil Ferid Pasha Template:Smaller Template:Small	4	Template:Smaller 1920	Template:Small 1920	Template:Ayd		Independent	Mehmed VI File:Sultan Mehmed VI of the Ottoman Empire.jpg Template:Small
File:Damad Ferid Pasha 1919.jpg		5	Template:Small 1920	Template:Smaller 1920	Template:Ayd		Independent
File:Tevfik pasha.jpg	Ahmet Tevfik Pasha (Okday) Template:Smaller Template:Small	5	Template:Smaller 1920	Template:Smaller 1922	Template:Ayd		Independent
End of the Ottoman Empire

During the Conference of London, Ahmet Tevfik Pasha recognized the ambassador of the Grand National Assembly as the legitimate government of Turkey. On 1 November 1922, the Grand National Assembly voted to abolish the Sultanate. Ahmet Tevfik Pasha was the last grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire, and resigned from the premiership on November 4, 1922, without a replacement.

List of Ottoman grand viziers

Contents

History

Office of the Grand Vizierate

List of grand viziers

Chief viziers (1320–1439)

Grand Viziers (1439–1839)

Tanzimat (1839–1876)

First Constitutional Monarchy (1876–1878)

İstibdat (1878–1908)

Second Constitutional Monarchy (1908–1920)

Last grand viziers (1920–1922)

See also

References

Citations

Bibliography

Further reading

Navigation menu

List of Ottoman grand viziers

History

Office of the Grand Vizierate

List of grand viziers

Chief viziers (1320–1439)

Grand Viziers (1439–1839)

Tanzimat (1839–1876)

First Constitutional Monarchy (1876–1878)

İstibdat (1878–1908)

Second Constitutional Monarchy (1908–1920)

Last grand viziers (1920–1922)

See also

References

Citations

Bibliography

Further reading

Navigation menu

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