List of cities in the United Kingdom

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Template:Short description Template:For Template:Use British English Template:Use dmy dates

Template:Multiple image This is a list of cities in the United Kingdom that are officially designated as such Template:As of.<ref name="govt_list">Template:Cite web</ref> It lists those places that have been granted city status by letters patent or royal charter.<ref name="govt_list" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

There are currently 76 such cities in the United Kingdom: 55 in England, eight in Scotland, seven in Wales, and six in Northern Ireland.<ref name="govt_list"></ref> Of these, 24 in England, two in Wales, and two in Northern Ireland have Lord Mayors; four in Scotland have Lord Provosts.Template:Efn In some cases, the area holding city status does not coincide with the built up area or conurbation of which it forms part. In Greater London, for example, the Cities of London and Westminster hold city status separately, but no other local authority in the London Region has been granted city status, nor has the Greater London Authority.

In other cases, such as the cities of Canterbury and Lancaster, the status applies to a local government district which extends over a number of towns and rural areas outside the main settlement proper.Template:Sfnb In England, city status sometimes applies to civil parishes, such as with Ripon; though the status may not apply to the local government district which share their name. For example, the civil parishes of Lichfield and Chichester each hold city status, but Lichfield District and Chichester District in which they are situated do not.

As of 2022, there are currently five ceremonial counties which contain three cities – Cambridgeshire (Ely, Cambridge and PeterboroughTemplate:Efn), Essex, Hampshire, West Midlands and West Yorkshire. Outside the UK within British overseas cities of the British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies, there are currently five. The number increased as part of the Platinum Jubilee celebrations by the addition of Stanley in the Falkland Islands and Douglas in the Isle of Man.

History

Template:Hatnote

The earliest cities (Template:Langx) in Britain were the fortified settlements organised by the Romans as capitals of the Celtic tribes under Roman rule. The British clerics of the early Middle Ages later preserved a traditional list of the "28 Cities" (Template:Langx) which was mentioned in De Excidio BritanniaeTemplate:Efn and Historia Brittonum.<ref name=mommy>Template:Citation </ref>

The title of city was initially informal and, into the 20th century, royal charters were considered to recognise city status rather than grant it.Template:Efn The usual criterion in early modern Britain was the presence of a cathedral, particularly after King Henry VIII granted letters patent establishing six new cities when he established a series of new dioceses of the Church of England in the 1540s as part of the English Reformation.Template:Sfnb No new cities were created between the 16th and 19th centuries, but following the Industrial Revolution and the accompanying population boom and growth in urbanisation, new sees were established at Ripon (1836) and Manchester (1847); their councils began to style them cities immediately. Inverness in Scotland was refused a charter at the time of the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria honours of 1897, in part because it would have drawn more attention to the other traditional "cities" still not formally chartered as such.Template:SfnbTemplate:Page needed

Beginning in the mid-19th century, however, the process became more formal. After a visit by Queen Victoria in 1851, Manchester petitioned Parliament for recognition of its status. Ripon followed in the 1860s, and a series of hitherto informal "cities" were formally recognised in the 1880s and 1890s. On the basis of its size, importance, and regular government, Belfast was elevated in spite of its lack of a cathedral in 1888; other large municipalities followed, while smaller applicants began to be rejected. King Edward VII and the Home Office established three criteria for future applicants in 1907: a minimum population of 300,000, a good record of local government, and a "local metropolitan character".Template:Sfnb These criteria were not made public, however, and following Leicester's successful elevation in 1919, a series of exceptions were made. The Local Government Act 1972 effectively eliminated all authorities holding city status outside Greater London on 1 April 1974; most of their replacements were confirmed in their predecessor's status—even in cases such as the 1974–2023 City of Carlisle district, where much of the local authority area was undeveloped countryside—but the Borough of Medway was not permitted to continue Rochester's title. In recent times there have been competitions for new grants of city status. Towns or councils that claim city status or add "city" to their name have been rebuked by the Advertising Standards Authority.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The cities of the Kingdom of Scotland and Kingdom of Ireland were treated separately. Scottish towns irregularly applied the description to themselves, but were formally organised as royal burghs; the special rights of these were preserved by Article XXI of the Treaty of Union which established the single state of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707.<ref>Template:Cite web. 16 January 1707.</ref> Edinburgh and Glasgow were confirmed as cities "by ancient usage" in the 18th century,Template:Sfnb as was Aberdeen,Template:Sfnb and this was later reconfirmed in the Act enlarging the burgh in 1891. Dundee was granted letters patent in 1889 and Elgin and Perth were recognised as cities by the Home Office in 1972, before the privilege was removed by the Scottish Local Government Act of 1973.<ref name=privy>Clark, M. Lynda & al. "Committee on Privileges Second Report", Appendix 3, ss58. Parliament of the United Kingdom (London), 1999.</ref> In Northern Ireland, only the seat of the Primate of All Ireland at Armagh was accorded city status by ancient usage, and this status was abolished by the Municipal Corporations (Ireland) Act 1840. All other cities have been those explicitly recognised as such.

Thirty-two cities have a Lord Provost (in Scotland) or a Lord Mayor (in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland), see List of lord mayoralties and lord provostships in the United Kingdom. The six cities where the Lord Mayor or Lord Provost has the right to the style The Right Honourable are York, the City of London, Edinburgh, Glasgow (since 1912), Belfast (since 1923), and Cardiff (since 1956).

Statistical role

Template:Further City status has little statistical significance in UK because it is not a measure of a city's size and only holds a ceremonial status. Historic cities, such as St Davids (a cathedral city in Wales) can be quite small, but newer cities, such as those conferred in 2022, can range in size from anywhere between 50,000 to over 200,000. Populous towns, such as Luton, Northampton and Reading, do not have city status.

Conurbations

The term "city" is sometimes loosely applied to conurbations in the UK. The government tends to recognise these as primary urban areas for statistical and economic purposes, though greater urban areas are what most people determine to be a city region.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Large cities other than London, such as Manchester or Birmingham, are often confused with these conurbations. Manchester has a significantly lower population than Birmingham, though the Greater Manchester Built-up Area is more populous than the West Midlands conurbation.<ref name="E&Wdistricts2011"> Template:Cite web </ref> This question of definition has provoked a second city debate in the United Kingdom.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Conversely, many official cities in the UK contain a substantial rural area encompassing settlements which are physically separated from the core urban area. The City of Milton Keynes (a unitary authority) and City of Colchester (non-metropolitan district) received letters patent which covered an area substantially larger than that of their respective core urban areas; this meant that extra-urban settlements such as the towns of Olney<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and West Mersea fall within de jure cities.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

List of cities

De factoTemplate:Efn De jureTemplate:Efn
City Statistical region Year granted
or confirmed
City<ref name="govt_list" /> City council status Population
London London Template:DtsTemplate:Nowrap City of LondonTemplate:Efn Sui generis and ceremonial county Template:Nts (2023)<ref name=":30.6.23">Template:Cite web</ref>
Westminster London Template:Dts City of WestminsterTemplate:Efn London borough Template:Nts (2023)<ref name=":30.6.23" />
Birmingham West Midlands Template:Dts<ref name=":0">From the London Gazette, 18 January 1889, The Times, 19 January 1889</ref> City of BirminghamTemplate:Efn Metropolitan borough Template:Nts (2023)<ref name=":30.6.23" />
Leeds Yorkshire and the Humber Template:Dts City of LeedsTemplate:Efn Metropolitan borough Template:Nts (2023)<ref name=":30.6.23" />
Glasgow
(Template:Langx)
(Template:Langx)
Scotland Template:Dts mid-18th centuryTemplate:Sfnb
(Burgh: 1492)
City of Glasgow<ref name="lgas1994">Template:Cite web</ref> Council areaTemplate:Efn Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="Scotland Council Area Population 2023">Template:Cite web</ref>
Manchester North West England Template:Dts<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> City of ManchesterTemplate:Efn Metropolitan borough Template:Nts (2023)<ref name=":30.6.232">Template:Cite web</ref>
Sheffield Yorkshire and the Humber Template:Dts City of SheffieldTemplate:Efn Metropolitan borough Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="local">Template:Cite web</ref>
Bradford Yorkshire and the Humber Template:Dts City of BradfordTemplate:Efn Metropolitan borough Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="E&Wdistricts20113">Template:Cite web</ref>
Edinburgh
(Template:Langx)
Scotland Template:Date table sortingmid-18th centuryTemplate:Sfnb
(Burgh: 1329)
City of Edinburgh<ref name="lgas1994"></ref> Council areaTemplate:Efn Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="Scotland Council Area Population 2023"></ref>
Liverpool North West England Template:Dts City of LiverpoolTemplate:Efn Metropolitan borough Template:Nts (2023)<ref name=":30.6.23" />
Bristol South West England Template:Dts City of BristolTemplate:Efn Unitary authority and ceremonial county Template:Nts (2023)<ref name=":30.6.23" />
CardiffTemplate:Efn
(Template:Langx)
Wales Template:DtsTemplate:Efn Cardiff Principal area Template:Nts (2023)<ref name=":30.6.23" />
Leicester East Midlands Template:DtsTemplate:Efn City of LeicesterTemplate:Efn Unitary authority Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="local"/>
Coventry West Midlands Template:Dts

(Template:Nowrap)

City of CoventryTemplate:Efn Metropolitan borough Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="local" />
Wakefield Yorkshire and the Humber Template:Dts City of WakefieldTemplate:Efn Metropolitan borough Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="local" />
Belfast
(Template:Langx)
(Ulster-Scots dialect: Bilfawst)
Northern Ireland Template:Dts Belfast Template:Nts (2021)<ref name="NISRA-20223"/>
Nottingham East Midlands Template:Dts City of NottinghamTemplate:Efn Unitary authority Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="local"/>
Newcastle upon TyneTemplate:Efn North East England Template:Dts City of Newcastle upon TyneTemplate:Efn Metropolitan borough Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="local"/>
Doncaster Yorkshire and the Humber Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite tweet</ref> City of Doncaster Metropolitan borough Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="local"/>
Milton Keynes South East England Template:Dts<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> City of Milton Keynes Unitary authority Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="local"/>
Salford North West England Template:Dts<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> City of SalfordTemplate:Efn Metropolitan borough Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="local" />
Sunderland North East England Template:Dts City of Sunderland<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> Metropolitan borough Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="local" />
Brighton and Hove South East England Template:Dts Brighton and Hove<ref name="lg0501">Template:London Gazette</ref> Unitary authority Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="local"/>
Wolverhampton West Midlands Template:Dts City of Wolverhampton<ref name="lg0501"/> Metropolitan borough Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="local" />
Kingston upon Hull Yorkshire and the Humber Template:Dts City of Kingston upon HullTemplate:Efn Unitary authority Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="local" />
Plymouth South West England Template:Dts<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> City of PlymouthTemplate:Efn Unitary authority Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="local"/>
Derby East Midlands Template:Dts City of Derby<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> Unitary authority Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="local" />
Stoke-on-Trent West Midlands Template:Dts<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> City of Stoke-on-TrentTemplate:Efn Unitary authority Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="local" />
Southampton South East England Template:Dts City of SouthamptonTemplate:Efn Unitary authority Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="local" />
SwanseaTemplate:Efn
(Template:Langx)
Wales Template:Dts<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> Swansea Principal area Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="local" />
Aberdeen
(Template:Langx)
(Template:Langx)
Scotland Template:DtsTemplate:Efn
(Burgh: 1179)
City of Aberdeen<ref name="lgas1994"></ref> Council areaTemplate:Efn Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="Scotland Council Area Population 2023"></ref>
Peterborough East of England Template:Dts City of PeterboroughTemplate:Efn Unitary authority Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="local"/>
Portsmouth South East England Template:DtsTemplate:Ref City of PortsmouthTemplate:Efn Unitary authority Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="local"/>
York Yorkshire and the Humber Template:DtsTemplate:Nowrap City of YorkTemplate:EfnTemplate:Efn Unitary authority Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="local" />
Colchester East of England Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> City of Colchester Non-metropolitan borough Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="local" />
Chelmsford East of England Template:Dts City of ChelmsfordTemplate:Efn Non-metropolitan borough Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="local"/>
Template:Nowrap East of England Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite tweet</ref> Template:Nowrap Unitary authority Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="local" />
Oxford South East England Template:Dts City of OxfordTemplate:Efn Non-metropolitan borough Template:Nts (2023)<ref name=":30.6.23" />
Newport
(Template:Langx)
Wales Template:Dts Newport<ref name="lg01">Template:London Gazette</ref> Principal area Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="local"/>
Canterbury South East England Template:DtsTemplate:Nowrap City of CanterburyTemplate:Efn Non-metropolitan borough Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="local"/>
Preston North West England Template:Dts City of Preston<ref name="lg01"/> Non-metropolitan borough Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="local" />
Dundee
(Template:Langx)
Scotland Template:DtsTemplate:Efn
(Burgh: 1191)
City of Dundee<ref name="lgas1994"></ref> Council areaTemplate:Efn Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="Scotland Council Area Population 2023"></ref>
Cambridge East of England Template:Dts<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> City of CambridgeTemplate:Efn Non-metropolitan borough Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="local"/>
St Albans East of England Template:Dts<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> St Albans City and DistrictTemplate:Efn Non-metropolitan borough Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="local" />
Lancaster North West, England Template:Dts<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> City of LancasterTemplate:Efn Non-metropolitan borough Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="local" />
Norwich East of England Template:Dts

(Template:Nowrap)

City of NorwichTemplate:Efn Non-metropolitan borough Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="local"/>
Chester North West England Template:Dts (Cheshire West and Chester does not hold status)Template:Efn Charter trusteesTemplate:Efn Template:Nts (2021)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Exeter South West England Template:DtsTemplate:Nowrap City of ExeterTemplate:Efn Non-metropolitan borough Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="local" />
Wrexham
(Template:Langx)
Wales Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Wrexham County Borough Principal area Template:Nts (2023)<ref name=":30.6.23" />
Gloucester South West, England Template:Dts City of GloucesterTemplate:Efn Non-metropolitan borough Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="local"/>
Winchester South East, England Template:DtsTemplate:Nowrap City of WinchesterTemplate:Efn Non-metropolitan borough Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="local" />
DurhamTemplate:Efn North East, England Template:DtsTemplate:Nowrap (County Durham does not hold status)Template:Efn Charter trusteesTemplate:Efn Template:Nts (2021)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Carlisle North West, England Template:Dts (Template:Nowrap) (Cumberland does not hold status)Template:Efn Charter trustees Template:Nts (2021)<ref>Template:NOMIS2021</ref>
Worcester West Midlands Template:DtsTemplate:Nowrap City of WorcesterTemplate:Efn Non-metropolitan borough Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="local"/>
Lincoln East Midlands Template:Dts (Template:Nowrap) City of LincolnTemplate:Efn Non-metropolitan borough Template:Nts (2023)<ref name="local" />
Bath South West, England Template:Dts (Template:Nowrap) (Bath and North East Somerset does not hold status)Template:Efn Charter trustees Template:Nts (2021)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
DerryTemplate:Efn
(Template:Langx)
(Ulster-Scots: Derrie)
Northern Ireland Template:Dts<ref>City commemorates the 400th Anniversary of the City's first charter, Derry City Council press release dated 7 July 2004, (accessed 15 December 2007) Template:Webarchive</ref> None Represented on Derry City and Strabane District Council Template:Nts (2021)<ref name="NISRA-20223">Template:Cite web</ref>
Dunfermline Scotland Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite tweet</ref> Dunfermline Part of Fife Council Template:Nts (2020)<ref name="Scotland Locality Population 2020">Template:Cite web</ref>
Bangor
(Template:Langx)
Northern Ireland Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> None Represented on Ards and North Down Borough Council Template:Nts (2021)<ref name="NISRA-20223" />
Inverness
(Template:Langx)
(Template:Langx)
Scotland Template:Dts Inverness Part of Highland Council Template:Nts (2020)<ref name="Scotland Locality Population 2020"></ref>
Hereford West Midlands Template:DtsTemplate:Nowrap Hereford parishTemplate:EfnTemplate:Efn Civil parish Template:Nts (2021)<ref>Template:NOMIS2021</ref>
Lisburn
(Template:Langx)
Northern Ireland Template:Dts None Represented on Lisburn and Castlereagh City Council Template:Nts (2021)<ref name="NISRA-20223"/>
Stirling
(Template:Langx)
(Template:Langx)
Scotland Template:Dts Stirling Part of Stirling Council Template:Nts (2020)<ref name="Scotland Locality Population 2020"></ref>
Perth
(Template:Langx)
(Template:Langx)
Scotland Template:Dts<ref>Letters Patent dated 21 May 2012 Template:Cite web Template:Cite news</ref>
(Burgh: 12th century)Template:Refn
Perth Part of Perth and Kinross Council Template:Nts (2020)<ref name="Scotland Locality Population 2020"></ref>
Salisbury South West England Template:Dts Salisbury parishTemplate:Efn Civil parishTemplate:Efn Template:Nts (2021)<ref>Template:NOMIS2021</ref>
Lichfield West Midlands Template:DtsTemplate:Nowrap Lichfield parishTemplate:Efn Civil parish Template:Nts (2021)<ref>Template:NOMIS2021</ref>
Chichester South East England Template:Dts
(Template:Nowrap)
Chichester parishTemplate:Efn Civil parish Template:Nts (2021)<ref>Template:NOMIS2021</ref>
Newry
(Template:Langx)
(Ulster-Scots: Newrie)
Northern Ireland Template:Dts None Represented on Newry, Mourne and Down District Council Template:Nts (2021)<ref name="NISRA-20223"/>
Truro
(Template:Langx)
South West England Template:Dts Truro parishTemplate:Efn Civil parish Template:Nts (2021)<ref>Template:NOMIS2021</ref>
Ely East of England Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
(Template:Nowrap)
Ely parishTemplate:Efn Civil parish Template:Nts (2021)<ref>Template:NOMIS2021</ref>
Ripon Yorkshire and the Humber Template:Dts Ripon parishTemplate:Efn Civil parish Template:Nts (2021)<ref>Template:NOMIS2021</ref>
ArmaghTemplate:Efn
(Template:Langx)
(Ulster-Scots: Airmagh)
Northern Ireland Template:Dts None Represented on Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon Borough Council Template:Nts (2021)<ref name="NISRA-20223"/>
Bangor Wales Template:DtsTemplate:Nowrap Bangor communityTemplate:Efn Community Template:Nts (2021)<ref>Template:NOMIS2021</ref>
Wells South West England Template:DtsTemplate:Nowrap Wells parishTemplate:Efn Civil parish Template:Nts (2021)<ref>Template:NOMIS2021</ref>
St Asaph
(Template:Langx)
Wales Template:Dts St Asaph communityTemplate:Efn Community Template:Nts (2021)<ref>Template:NOMIS2021</ref>
St Davids
(Template:Langx)
Wales Template:Dts St Davids and the Cathedral CloseTemplate:Efn Community Template:Nts (2021)<ref>Template:NOMIS2021</ref>

Map of the cities

The map shows the 76 cities in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and one Crown Dependency, Douglas in the Isle of Man.

Template:Location map+

Template:Clear

Map of cities and their local extents
Map Map key
<mapframe longitude="-3.2" latitude="54.5" zoom="5" width="325" height="450" frameless align="center">

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 "query": "SELECT DISTINCT ?id ?idLabel #city name label\n(\"#ff0000\" AS ?fill) # shading for city areas\n ( 0.3 AS ?fill_opacity) # shading for city areas\n ( 1 AS ?stroke_width) # boundary width\n  (\"#ff0000\" AS ?stroke) # colour of boundary\n  (0.7 AS ?stroke_opacity) # adjust line colour visibility\n  WHERE\n  { \n    {?id rdfs:label ?idLabel.} #get city name\n    FILTER( LANG(?idLabel)in ( \"mul\", \"en\") ) #english labels only\n    FILTER (?id NOT IN (wd:Q84, wd:Q1094110, wd:Q23154, wd:Q6226, wd:Q193452, wd:Q22889, wd:Q269980, wd:Q1410, wd:Q211950, wd:Q192896, wd:Q19840810)) #remove duplicates and non UK areas\n    {    ?id p:P31 ?statement0.  ?statement0 (ps:P31) wd:Q515. } #list cities\n    UNION\n    {    ?id p:P31 ?statement1. ?statement1 (ps:P31) wd:Q27104997.} # merge parishes into output\n    UNION\n    {    ?id p:P31 ?statement2. ?statement2 (ps:P31) wd:Q21503295.} # merge districts\n    UNION    \n    {?id p:P131 ?newport. ?newport  (ps:P131) wd:Q11294004. ?id p:P31 ?newport2. ?newport2  (ps:P31) wd:Q515.} #merge in Newport Wales\n    {    ?id p:P17 ?statement3. ?statement3 (ps:P17) wd:Q145. } # Only in UK\n  }\n  LIMIT 300\n"

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Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies

Template:Main The British Overseas Territories and the Crown Dependencies do not form part of the United Kingdom but are part of its sovereign territory. Association of city status with cathedrals ended in 1865.Template:Sfnp There are presently five cities in Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies.<ref name="O'Connor">Template:Cite news</ref>

City Territory and region Year granted
or confirmed
Population
(census date)
Gibraltar Gibraltar
Southwestern Europe
1842<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> 32,194 (2012)
Douglas
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Isle of Man
Irish Sea
2022<ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref> 27,938 (2011)
Stanley Falkland Islands
South Atlantic Ocean
2022<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> 2,460 (2016)
Hamilton Bermuda
North Atlantic Ocean
1897 854 (2016)
Jamestown, St Helena St Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
South Atlantic Ocean
1859 629 (2016)

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See also

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Notes

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References

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Template:List of cities in Europe

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pl:Miasta ze statusem City w Wielkiej Brytanii