List of current cardinals

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Generic depiction of a cardinal's choir dress
Choir dress of a cardinal, in scarlet

Cardinals are senior members of the clergy of the Catholic Church. As titular members of the clergy of the Diocese of Rome, they serve as advisors to the pope, who is the bishop of Rome. They are typically ordained bishops and generally hold important roles within the church, such as leading prominent archdioceses or heading dicasteries within the Roman Curia. Cardinals are chosen by the pope and formally created in a consistory, and one of their foremost duties is the election of a new pope – invariably from among their number, although not strictly a requirement – when the Holy See is vacant (sede vacante), following the death or resignation of a pope. Collectively, they constitute the College of Cardinals.<ref name="CIC">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite CE1913</ref>

Under current ecclesiastical law, as defined by the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis (1996), only cardinals who have not passed their 80th birthdays on the day on which the Holy See becomes vacant are eligible to take part in a papal conclave to elect a new pope.<ref name="UDG">Template:Cite web</ref> The same apostolic constitution specifies that no more than 120 cardinals may take part in a conclave, but makes no provision for there being more than 120 eligible cardinal electors,<ref name="UDG"/> a number that has often been exceeded.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Cardinals may be created in pectore (Template:Lit), in which case the pope does not reveal their identities; they are not entitled to the privileges of a cardinal until their names are published by the pope. The creations of any such cardinals whose names have not been revealed before the pope's death or resignation automatically lapse.<ref name="CIC"/><ref>Template:Cite CE1913</ref>

<section begin="as of"/>Template:As of<section end="as of" /> there are <section begin="all" />245<section end="all" /> cardinals, <section begin="electors" />126<section end="electors" /> of whom are cardinal electors. The most recent consistory for the creation of cardinals was held on 7 December 2024, when Pope Francis created 21 cardinals, including 20 cardinal electors.<ref name="2022-08-27">Template:Cite web</ref> Vincent Nichols was the most recent cardinal elector to turn 80, on 8 November 2025. Jean-Pierre Kutwa will be the next cardinal elector to turn 80, on 22 December 2025. The most recent death of a cardinal was that of Dominik Duka on 4 November 2025, at the age of 82.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Orders of the College of Cardinals, and order of precedence

The College of Cardinals is divided into three orders, with formal precedence in the following sequence:<ref name="CIC"/>

  1. Cardinal bishops (CB): six cardinals who are chosen by the pope to be titular bishops of the seven suburbicarian dioceses in the vicinity of Rome, plus a few additional cardinals who have been exceptionally "co-opted" as cardinal bishops,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> as well as patriarchs who lead one of the Eastern Catholic Churches.Template:Efn<ref name="EWTN-CB">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The two most senior cardinal bishops, who are elected by the cardinal bishops (excluding the Eastern Catholic patriarchs) from among themselves with papal approval, are the dean and the vice dean,<ref name="CIC"/> currently Giovanni Battista Re and Leonardo Sandri, respectively. Among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal bishop is presently Pietro Parolin.Template:Efn
  2. Cardinal priests (CP): bishops and archbishops, typically in charge of dioceses around the world, as well as former cardinal deacons who have opted to be elevated to become cardinal priests.<ref name="EWTN-CP">Template:Cite web</ref> The most senior cardinal priest is the protopriest, currently Michael Michai Kitbunchu; among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal priest is presently Peter Turkson.Template:Efn
  3. Cardinal deacons (CD): bishops and archbishops who work in the Roman Curia or the diplomatic service of the Holy See, and all other clergy, including priests who have been granted a dispensation from the normal requirement that a person must be consecrated a bishop before becoming a cardinal. A cardinal deacon may opt (Template:Langx) to become a cardinal priest after having served as a cardinal deacon for ten years.<ref name="CIC"/><ref name="EWTN-CD">Template:Cite web</ref> The most senior cardinal deacon is the protodeacon, currently Dominique Mamberti; he is also the senior cardinal deacon among the cardinal electors. The junior cardinal deacon is presently George Koovakad;Template:Efn he is also the junior cardinal deacon among the electors.

For cardinal bishops (excluding the Eastern Catholic patriarchs), the dean is first in precedence, followed by the vice dean and then, in order of appointment as cardinal bishops, by the remainder. For cardinal bishops who are Eastern Catholic patriarchs, for cardinal priests and for cardinal deacons, precedence is determined by the date of the consistory in which they were created cardinals and then by the order in which they appeared in the official announcement or bulletin.

All cardinals listed are members of the Latin Church unless otherwise stated. Cardinals belonging to institutes of consecrated life or societies of apostolic life are indicated by the relevant post-nominal letters. Cardinals in pastoral ministry are classified under the country in which their respective dioceses are located, although they may be citizens of another country.

Cardinals: listed in order of precedence

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Demographics of the College of Cardinals

{{#section:List of current cardinals|as of}} {{#section:List of current cardinals|electors}} of {{#section:List of current cardinals|all}} cardinals are eligible to participate in a papal conclave. The current threshold number of votes needed to be elected pope with the required two-thirds supermajority is {{#expr:ceil((2/3)*{{#section:List of current cardinals|electors}})}}, assuming that all {{#section:List of current cardinals|electors}} cardinal electors were to participate in a conclave{{#ifexpr:{{#section:List of current cardinals|electors}}>120|Template:Sp(and notwithstanding the maximum of 120 electors specified in Universi Dominici gregis)}}.<ref name="UDG"/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Cardinals by appointing pope

This table indicates the number of current cardinals created by each pope and belonging to each order of the college.

Pope All cardinals Cardinal electors
Template:Abbr Name Template:Abbr Template:Abbr Template:Abbr Total Template:Abbr Template:Abbr Template:Abbr Total
264 John Paul II
(1978–2005) 		5 36 0 41 0 4 0 4
265 Benedict XVI
(2005–2013) 		4 54 0 58 2 17 0 19
266 Francis
(2013–2025) 		3 110 33 146 2 82 19 103
Total 12 200 33 all}} 4 103 19 electors}}

Cardinals by particular church sui iuris

While most cardinals belong to the Latin Church, which encompasses the vast majority of Catholics, a small number of cardinals belong to one of the twenty-three autonomous (sui iuris) Eastern Catholic Churches. At present, there are seven Eastern Catholic cardinals, including five cardinal electors, belonging to six particular churches sui iuris:

Particular church sui iuris All cardinals Cardinal electors
Latin Church (Western) 238 121
Eastern Churches Chaldean Church 1 1
Ethiopian Church 1 1
Maronite Church 1 0
Syro-Malabar Church 2 1
Syro-Malankara Church 1 1
Ukrainian Greek Church 1 1
Subtotal 7 5
Total all}} electors}}

Cardinals by institute of consecrated life or society of apostolic life

At present, there are 63 cardinals, including 32 cardinal electors, who are members of the religious life, representing 27 institutes of consecrated life and societies of apostolic life. In this table, the common name for the members of an institute or society, if different from its formal name, is given in brackets.

Post-nominal Institute or society All cardinals Cardinal electors
Template:Post-nominals Congregation of Jesus and Mary Template:Small 1 0
Template:Post-nominals Congregation of the Mission Template:Small 3 2
Template:Post-nominals Congregation of Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary Template:Small 2 0
Template:Post-nominals Congregation of the Missionaries of Saint Charles Borromeo Template:Small 2 1
Template:Post-nominals Congregation of Holy Cross Template:Small 1 0
Template:Post-nominals Congregation of the Holy Spirit Template:Small 2 1
Template:Post-nominals Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer Template:Small 2 2
Template:Post-nominals Institute of Consolata Missionaries 1 1
Template:Post-nominals Institute of Schönstatt Fathers 1 0
Template:Post-nominals Pius X Secular Institute 1 1
Template:Post-nominals Voluntas Dei Institute 1 0
Template:Post-nominals Congregation of the Legionaries of Christ 1 0
Template:Post-nominals Missionaries of Africa Template:Small 1 0
Template:Post-nominals Missionaries of the Sacred Heart 1 1
Template:Post-nominals Order of Augustinian Recollects 1 0
Template:Post-nominals Order of Discalced Carmelites 1 1
Template:Post-nominals Order of Cistercians 1 1
Template:Post-nominals Order of Friars Minor Template:Small 5 4
Template:Post-nominals Order of Friars Minor Capuchin Template:Small 4 1
Template:Post-nominals Order of Friars Minor Conventual Template:Small 3 3
Template:Post-nominals Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate Template:Small 1 0
Template:Post-nominals Mariamite Maronite Order Template:Small 1 0
Template:Post-nominals Order of Preachers Template:Small 4 2
Template:Post-nominals Society of the Priests of Saint Sulpice Template:Small 1 0
Template:Post-nominals Society of Saint Francis de Sales Template:Small 10 5
Template:Post-nominals Society of Jesus Template:Small 9 4
Template:Post-nominals Society of the Divine Word Template:Small 2 2
None Secular clergy 182 94
Total all}} electors}}

Cardinals by continent

For the purposes of this article, countries are grouped into continents generally according to the regions of the United Nations geoscheme; for the region of the Americas, North America comprises the subregions of Northern America, Central America and the Caribbean, while South America comprises the remaining subregion of the same name.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The statistics for the global distribution of Catholics in the table below are sourced from the Template:As of of the Template:Lang (Statistical Yearbook of the Church), published in 2025.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Continent All cardinals Cardinal electors Percentage of global Catholic population Template:Small
Number Percentage Number Percentage
Africa 29 Template:Percentage 17 Template:Percentage 20.0%
North America 35 Template:Percentage 19 Template:Percentage 20.4%
South America 30 Template:Percentage 17 Template:Percentage 27.4%
Asia 37 Template:Percentage 22 Template:Percentage 11.0%
Europe 110 Template:Percentage 47 Template:Percentage 20.4%
Oceania 4 Template:Percentage 4 Template:Percentage 0.8%
Total all}} 100.0% electors}} 100.0% 100.0%

Cardinals by country

At present, 92 countries are represented in the College of Cardinals, including 68 with at least one cardinal elector. The countries with the greatest numbers of cardinals are Italy (50), the United States (16), and Spain (13). Among the cardinal electors, the countries with the greatest numbers are Italy (17), the United States (9), and Brazil (7).

Country Continent All cardinals Cardinal electors
Albania Europe 1 0
Algeria Africa 1 1
Argentina South America 6 4
Australia Oceania 1 1
Austria Europe 1 0
Bangladesh Asia 1 0
Belgium Europe 1 1
Bolivia South America 1 0
Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe 1 0
Brazil South America 8 7
Burkina Faso Africa 1 1
Canada North America 5 4
Cape Verde Africa 1 1
Central African Republic Africa 1 1
Chile South America 4 1
Colombia South America 3 1
Democratic Republic of the Congo Africa 1 1
Croatia Europe 1 1
Cuba North America 1 1
Dominican Republic North America 1 0
East Timor Asia 1 1
Ecuador South America 1 1
El Salvador North America 1 0
Ethiopia Africa 1 1
France Europe 7 5
Germany Europe 6 3
Ghana Africa 1 1
Guatemala North America 1 1
Guinea Africa 1 0
Haiti North America 1 1
Honduras North America 1 0
Hong Kong Asia 3 1
Hungary Europe 1 1
India Asia 6 4
Indonesia Asia 2 1
Iran Asia 1 1
Iraq Asia 1 1
Ireland Europe 1 0
Italy Europe 50 17
Ivory Coast Africa 2 2
Japan Asia 2 2
JerusalemTemplate:Efn Asia 1 1
Kenya Africa 1 1
South Korea Asia 2 1
Laos Asia 1 0
Latvia Europe 1 0
Lebanon Asia 1 0
Lithuania Europe 3 1
Luxembourg Europe 1 1
Madagascar Africa 1 1
Malaysia Asia 1 1
Mali Africa 1 0
Malta Europe 1 1
Mauritius Africa 1 0
Mexico North America 6 2
Mongolia Asia 1 1
Morocco Africa 1 1
Mozambique Africa 1 0
Myanmar Asia 1 1
Netherlands Europe 1 1
New Zealand Oceania 1 1
Nicaragua North America 1 1
Nigeria Africa 4 1
Pakistan Asia 1 0
Panama North America 1 0
Papua New Guinea Oceania 1 1
Paraguay South America 1 1
Peru South America 3 1
Philippines Asia 5 3
Poland Europe 5 3
Portugal Europe 6 4
Rwanda Africa 1 1
Senegal Africa 1 0
Serbia Europe 1 1
Singapore Asia 1 1
Slovenia Europe 1 0
South Africa Africa 2 1
South Sudan Africa 1 1
Spain Europe 13 3
Sri Lanka Asia 1 1
Sudan Africa 1 0
Sweden Europe 1 1
Switzerland Europe 2 2
Tanzania Africa 2 1
Thailand Asia 2 1
Tonga Oceania 1 1
Uganda Africa 1 0
United Kingdom Europe 4 1
United States North America 16 9
Uruguay South America 1 1
Venezuela South America 2 0
Vietnam Asia 2 0
Total all}} electors}}

See also

Notes

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References

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