List of heads of state of Finland

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Template:Short description Template:For Template:Use dmy dates This is a list of heads of state of Finland; that is, the kings of Sweden with regents and viceroys of the Kalmar Union, the grand dukes of Finland, a title used by most Swedish monarchs and Russian emperors, up to the two-year regency following the independence in 1917, with a brief flirtation with a truly domestic monarchy.

Kingdom of Sweden (until 1809)

Finland as an integral part of Sweden under the Monarchy of Sweden

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Some texts suggest the Swedish rule of Finland started as early as during the Houses of Sverker and Eric (Sverker I of Sweden 1130–1156 and Eric the Saint 1156–1160). But the first historic documents suggesting rule by Swedish kings in Finland not limited to sparse crusades and conquests are dated at around 1249.

House of Bjälbo

Birger Jarl

House of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

Kalmar Union monarchs and Swedish regents

Karl Knutsson Bonde

House of Vasa

Juhana III

House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken

Kaarle X Kustaa
  • 1654–1660 : Charles X Gustav (Kaarle X Kustaa), also titled Grand Prince of Finland
  • 1660–1697 : Charles XI (Kaarle XI), also titled Grand Prince of Finland
  • 1697–1718 : Charles XII (Kaarle XII), also titled Grand Prince of Finland
  • 1719–1720 : Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden (Ulriika Eleonoora), also titled Grand Princess of Finland

House of Hesse

House of Holstein-Gottorp

Kustaa III

Russian Empire (1809–1917)

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Interim period (1917–1919)

During the interregnum from the abdication of Nicholas II to the end of the Finnish Civil War in spring 1918, sovereignty in Finland was exercised by the Finnish Parliament and the Russian provisional government. After the October revolution, the Finnish Parliament declared itself the sole repository of supreme power on 15 November 1918. The declaration of independence was given a few days later. After the Finnish Civil War, a regent (Template:Langx) was appointed by the parliament as a temporary head of state. Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse was elected as the King of Finland on 9 October 1918, but he never took office and renounced the throne on 14 December 1918.<ref name="k947">Template:Cite book</ref>

Regents appointed by parliament

House of Hesse

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|- | Fredrik Kaarle
9 October 1918
Template:Ndash
14 December 1918
(Template:Age in years and days) | Frederik Kaarle

| 1868
Prussia

Son of Frederick William, Landgrave of Hesse
and Princess Anna of Prussia

| Princess Margaret of Prussia
1893
6 children | 28 May 1940
Kassel
Aged 72 | King-elect of Finland |}

List of presidents (1919–present)

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Timeline

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See also

References

Template:Reflist

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