The 19 municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region<ref name="Belgian Constitution">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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}}</ref><ref name="CIRB-creation">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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}} (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.)</ref> are the political subdivisions of Belgium's central region.<ref name="list">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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}}</ref> The government of each municipality is responsible for the handling of local level duties, such as law enforcement and the upkeep of schools and roads within its borders.<ref name="OECD">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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}}</ref> Municipal administration is also conducted by a mayor, a council, and an executive.<ref name="OECD" />
In 1831, Belgium was divided into 2,739 municipalities, including 20 within the current Brussels-Capital Region (which at that time did not exist).<ref name="roots">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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}}</ref> In 1841, a 21st and 22nd municipality were created when Berchem-Sainte-Agathe formally separated from neighbouring Koekelberg and Jette-Ganshoren split into Jette and Ganshoren. Since then, three municipalities have been merged with the City of Brussels: Laeken, Haren, and Neder-Over-Heembeek, in 1921. Unlike most of the municipalities in Belgium, the ones located in the Brussels-Capital Region were not merged with others during mergers occurring in 1964, 1970, and 1975.<ref name="roots" /> However, many territorial changes have occurred, predominantly between the City of Brussels and its neighbouring municipalities.