List of rivers by discharge

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Template:Short description

Rivers with an average discharge of 5,000 m3/s or greater, as a fraction of the estimated global total.

This article lists rivers by their average discharge measured in descending order of their water flow rate. Here, only those rivers whose discharge is more than Template:Convert are shown. It can be thought of as a list of the biggest rivers on Earth, measured by a specific metric.

For context, the volume of an Olympic-size swimming pool is Template:Cvt. The average flow rate at the mouth of the Amazon is sufficient to fill more than 83 such pools each second. The estimated global total for all rivers is 1.2 million m³/s (43 million cu ft/s),<ref>Sybil P. Parker (1993) McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Environmental Science & Engineering, p. 645.</ref> of which the Amazon would be approximately 18%. Template:Bar box Template:Table alignment

No Continent River Average
discharge
(m3/s) 		Length Drainage area
(km2) 		Outflow Type
(km) (miles)
1 South America Amazon 224,000 6,992 4,345 6,915,000 Atlantic Ocean Primary river<ref name="HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Continental scale models of water balance and fluvial transport: An application to South America">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="Gupta2007">Template:Cite book</ref>
2 Asia Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna 42,800 2,948 1,832 1,731,334 Bay of Bengal Primary river<ref name="Hydrological Cycle Volume III">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Variation of Satellite-Based Suspended Sediment Concentration in the Ganges-Brahmaputra Estuary from 1990 to 2020">Template:Cite journal</ref>
3 Africa Congo 41,400 4,370 2,716 3,822,000 Atlantic Ocean Primary river<ref name="Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="Hydrological Cycle Volume III">Template:Cite book</ref>
4 South America Orinoco 39,000 2,250 1,398 989,000 Atlantic Ocean Primary river<ref name="La geografía del agua"/><ref name="XXI. PECES DEL FONDO DEL RÍO ORINOCO Y AFLUENTES PRINCIPALES (COLOMBIA-VENEZUELA): diversidad y aspectos bioecológicos">Template:Cite book</ref>
5 Asia Yangtze (Chang Jiang) 31,900 6,300 3,915 1,943,000 East China Sea Primary river<ref name="Hydrological Cycle Volume III"/><ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)">Template:Cite web</ref>
6 South America Negro 30,641 2,230 1,390 691,000 Amazon Tributary river<ref name="auto1">Template:Cite web</ref>
7 South America Madeira 30,173 3,380 2,100 1,376,000 Amazon Tributary river<ref name="auto1"/>
8 South America Río de la Plata 27,225 290 180 3,182,064 Atlantic Ocean Primary river<ref name="cicplata2016">Template:Cite bookTemplate:Page needed</ref>
9 Asia Brahmaputra 22,182 3969 2466 556,385 Padma, Lower Meghna Primary river<ref name="Climate impact emergence and flood peak synchronization projections in the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna basins under CMIP5 and CMIP6 scenarios">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="Flood Inundation Mapping of the Sparsely Gauged Large-Scale Brahmaputra Basin Using Remote Sensing Products">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="Beyond hydropower: towards an integrated solution for water, energy and food security in South Asia">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref> Template:Cite book </ref>
10 North America Mississippi 21,300 3,766 2,340 3,248,000 Gulf of Mexico Primary river<ref name="USGS 07289000 MISSISSIPPI RIVER AT VICKSBURG, MS">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Variability of Carbon Export in the Lower Mississippi River during an Extreme Cold and Warm Year">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="USGSrivers">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
11 Asia Yenisei 20,200 4,090 2,556 2,580,000 Kara Sea Primary river<ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge">Template:Cite journal</ref>
12 South America Paraná 19,706 4,880 3,050 2,582,672 Río de la Plata Tributary river<ref name="cicplata2016" />
13 Asia Lena 18,300 4,294 2,668 2,490,000 Laptev Sea Primary river<ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
14 South America Japurá (Caquetá) 18,122 2,816 1,750 267,730 Amazon Tributary river<ref name="GRDC">GRDC Database Template:Webarchive</ref><ref name="auto1"/>
15 North America St Lawrence 17,600 3,058 1,900 1,266,642 Gulf of Saint Lawrence Primary river<ref name="rna">Benke, Arthur C.; Cushing, Colbert E. (2005). Rivers of North America. Academic Press. pp. 989–990. Template:ISBN. Retrieved 21 March 2011.</ref><ref name="Physical oceanographic conditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence during 2023">Template:Cite web</ref>
16 South America Marañón 16,708 1,737 1,079 358,000 Amazon Tributary river<ref name="ANÁLISIS DE LA EVALUACIÓN AMBIENTAL PRELIMINAR DE LA CENTRAL HIDROELÉCTRICA LORENA-Río Marañón">Template:Cite journal</ref>
17 Asia Mekong 15,856 4,023 2,500 811,000 South China Sea Primary river<ref name="River Basins">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Gupta2007" />
18 Asia Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwady) 15,112 2,210 1,370 413,710 Andaman Sea Primary river<ref name="cbsharma">Template:Cite book</ref>
19 South America Tapajós 13,540 1,996 1,240 492,481 Amazon Tributary river<ref name="Lynch2012">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="auto1"/>
20 South America Ucayali 13,385 2,670 1,659 351,549 Amazon Tributary river<ref>Template:Cite thesis</ref>
21 Asia Ob 13,100 4,345 2,700 2,990,000 Gulf of Ob Primary river<ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge">Template:Cite journal</ref>
22 Asia Amur 12,360 4,444 2,762 2,129,700 Sea of Okhotsk Primary river<ref name="Intra-Seasonal Variability">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="River Basins">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="igpl">Rivers of the EarthTemplate:Unreliable source? Template:Webarchive</ref>
23 South America Tocantins 11,796 2,699 1,677 764,183 Atlantic Ocean (Pará) Primary river<ref group=note>Amazon river water flows into its estuary through Santa Mario River Channel</ref><ref>The Hydrographi Region of The Amazon</ref><ref name="HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN">Template:Cite book</ref>
24 Africa Kasai (Kwa) 11,318 2,272 1,405 881,890 Congo journal=International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation">Template:Cite journal</ref>
25 South America Purus 11,207 3,211 1,995 376,600 Amazon Tributary river<ref name="auto1"/>
27 Asia Pearl (Xi) 10,700 2,400 1,491 437,000 South China Sea Primary river<ref name="Spatiotemporal Variation of Annual Runoff and Sediment Load in the Pearl River during 1953-2017">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
26 North America Mackenzie 9,800 4,241 2,636 1,805,200 Beaufort Sea Primary river<ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge">Template:Cite journal</ref>
27 South America Xingu 9,680 2,240 1,392 531,250 Amazon Tributary river<ref name="Lynch2012" /><ref name="auto1"/>
28 South America Madre de Dios 9,350 1,347 837 282,000 Madeira Tributary river<ref name="Hydroclimatology of the Upper Madeira River basin: Spatio-temporal variability and trends">Template:Cite journal</ref>
29 South America Putumayo (Içá) 8,520 1,813 1,121 148,000 Amazon Tributary river<ref name="auto1"/>
30 Europe Volga 8,380 3,531 2,194 1,380,000 Caspian Sea Primary river<ref name="THE VOLGA RIVER BASIN REPORT">Template:Cite book</ref>
31 South America Mamoré 8,150 1,930 1,199 611,800 Madeira Tributary river<ref name="Hydroclimatology of the Upper Madeira River basin: Spatio-temporal variability and trends">Template:Cite journal</ref>
32 South America Magdalena 8,058 1,540 963 257,438 Caribbean Sea Primary river<ref name="ESTUDIO NACIONAL DEL AGUA 2022">Template:Cite book</ref>
33 North America Ohio 7,957 1,579 981 528,200 Mississippi Tributary river<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
36 Africa Niger 7,900 4,200 2,600 2,117,000 Gulf of Guinea Primary river<ref name="The Niger River Basin - A Vision for Sustainable Management">Template:Cite book</ref>
37 South America Guaviare 7,529 1,760 1,090 151,607 Orinoco Tributary river<ref name="La geografía del agua"/>
38 North America Columbia 7,407 2,044 1,243 668,217 Pacific Ocean Primary river<ref name="River Basins">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
39 Oceania Fly 7,355 1,060 649 75,800 Gulf of Papua Primary river<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
40 South America Uruguay 7,058 1,838 1,140 353,451 Río de la Plata Tributary river<ref name="cicplata2016" />
41 North America Yukon 6,860 3,187 1,980 854,700 Bering Sea Primary river<ref name="USGS 15565447 YUKON R AT PILOT STATION AK">Template:Cite web</ref>
42 South America Napo 6,660 1,075 665 100,518 Amazon Tributary river<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
43 Asia Salween 6,600 3,289 2,044 324,000 Andaman Sea Primary river<ref name="Integrating Suspended Sediment Flux in Large Alluvial River Channels: Application of a Synoptic Rouse‐Based Model to the Irrawaddy and Salween Rivers">Template:Cite journal</ref>
44 Europe Danube 6,510 2,860 1,777 801,463 Black Sea Primary river<ref name="Annual Reports">Template:Cite web</ref>
45 South America Araguaia 6,420 2,627 1,632 377,000 Tocantins Tributary river<ref name="Assessment of wash load transport in the Araguaia River (Aruanã Gauge Station), central Brazil">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="GRDC" />
46 Asia Kapuas 6,012 1,143 710 98,749 South China Sea Primary river<ref name="Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS">Template:Cite journal</ref>
47 South America Juruá 6,004 3,283 2,040 190,573 Amazon Tributary river<ref name="auto1"/>
48 Africa Ubangi 5,936 2,272 1,405 651,915 Congo journal=International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation">Template:Cite journal</ref>
49 North America Niagara 5,885 58 36 684,000 Lake Ontario Tributary river<ref name="Niagara River">Template:Cite web</ref>
50 South America Meta 5,694 1,200 742 103,000 Orinoco Tributary river<ref name="La geografía del agua">Template:Cite web</ref>
51 Asia Indus 5,589 3,180 2,000 1,081,718 Arabian Sea Primary river<ref name="River Basins">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
52 Asia Aldan 5,501 2,273 1,412 729,000 Lena Tributary river<ref name="Respose of Siberian River Discharge to Disturbances of Forests Caused by Wildfires">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="GRDC" />
53 Oceania Mamberamo 5,500 1,175 727 78,992 Pacific Ocean Primary river<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
54 South America Branco 5,400 775 479 195,000 Rio Negro Tributary river
55 North America Detroit 5,300 44 28 595,052 Lake Erie Primary riverTemplate:Refn
56 South America Javari 5,225 1,184 732 109,680 Amazon Tributary river<ref name="Middle Amazon">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III">Template:Cite web</ref>
57 North America St. Clair 5,200 65 40 583,000 Lake St. Clair Tributary river<ref name="Detection of Conveyance Changes in St.Clair River Using Inverse One-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Modelling">Template:Cite web</ref>
58 Oceania Sepik 5,000 1,146 700 80,321 Bismarck Sea Primary river<ref name="Geomorphology of Papua New Guinea">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
59 South America Caroní 4,981 952 595 95,442 Orinoco Tributary river<ref name="La geografía del agua"/>
60 South America Essequibo 4,951 1,014 627 150,769 Atlantic Ocean Primary river<ref name="River Basins">Template:Cite web</ref>
61 South America Juruena 4,937 1,240 770 192,628 Tapajós Tributary river<ref name="auto1"/>
62 Africa Ogooué 4,935 1,200 747 223,856 Atlantic Ocean Primary river<ref>Template:Cite conference</ref>
63 Asia Angara 4,833 1,779 1,100 1,079,000 Yenisei Tributary river<ref name="Siberian Basins">Template:Cite web</ref>
64 South America Paraná do Urariá–Canumã 4,804 1,351 839 133,212 Amazon Tributary river<ref name="Lower Amazon">Template:Cite web</ref>
65 Europe Pechora 4,800 1,809 1,124 322,000 Barents Sea Primary river<ref name="Structure and variability of the Pechora plume in the southeastern part of the Barents Sea">Template:Cite journal</ref>
66 Asia Meghna 4,753 1,040 646 69,871 Lower Meghna Tributary river<ref name="Variation of Satellite-Based Suspended Sediment Concentration in the Ganges-Brahmaputra Estuary from 1990 to 2020">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="Beyond hydropower: towards an integrated solution for water, energy and food security in South Asia">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="Rivers Network-Ganga (Ganges)-Brahmaputra">Template:Cite web</ref>
67 Asia Chindwin 4,740 1,207 750 114,000 Irrawaddy Tributary river<ref name="Myanmar 1. Chindwin River">Template:Cite book</ref>
68 Asia Rajang 4,715 770 478 52,009 South China Sea Primary river<ref name="Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite thesis</ref>
69 South America Paraguay 4,696 2,621 1,629 1,120,154 Parana Tributary river<ref name="cicplata2016" />
70 Asia Barito 4,514 1,090 550 81,675 Java Sea Primary river<ref name="Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
71 Africa Ruki 4,500 1,300 804 173,790 Congo Tributary river<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
72 South America Uaupés 4,345 1,050 650 64,370 Rio Negro Tributary river<ref name="Amazon">Template:Cite web</ref>
73 Asia Red (Hong) 4,300 1,149 714 143,600 Gulf of Tonkin Primary river<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
74 Asia Mahakam 4,278 980 609 77,095 Makassar Strait Primary river<ref name="Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
75 Africa Zambezi 4,217 2,574 1,599 1,331,000 Indian Ocean Primary river<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
76 Asia Nizhnyaya Tunguska 4,139 2,989 1,848 473,000 Yenisei Tributary river<ref name="Siberian Basins">Template:Cite web</ref>
77 South America Atrato 4,138 750 466 36,231 Caribbean Sea Primary river<ref name="Streamflow Intensification Driven by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in the Atrato River Basin, Northwestern Colombia">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="urlgeotest.tamu.edu">Template:Cite web</ref>
78 Asia Kolyma 4,100 2,129 1,317 644,000 East Siberian Sea Primary river<ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge">Template:Cite journal</ref>
79 Europe Kama 4,100 1,805 1,122 507,000 Volga Tributary river<ref name="THE VOLGA RIVER BASIN REPORT">Template:Cite book</ref>
80 South America Trombetas 4,097 1,060 656 156,960 Amazon Tributary river<ref name="Lower Amazon">Template:Cite web</ref>
81 South America Apaporis 4,092 1,370 847 54,300 Japurá Tributary river<ref name="ESTUDIO NACIONAL DEL AGUA 2010 (IDEAM) - Agua Superficial - Caracterización y análísis de la oferta">Template:Cite book</ref>
82 South America Aripuanã 4,087 870 540 145,000 Madeira Tributary river<ref name="auto1"/>
83 North America Grijalva–Usumacinta 4,028 1,000 620 134,400 Gulf of Mexico Primary river<ref name="River Basins">Template:Cite web</ref>
84 Oceania Strickland 4,000 824 512 36,740 Fly Tributary river<ref name="Sustainable Development for Traditional Inhabitants of the Torres Strait Region">Template:Cite web</ref>
85 South America Teles Pires 3,978 1,638 1,013 141,718 Tapajós Tributary river<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
86 North America Fraser 3,944 1,375 854 231,593 Pacific Ocean Primary river<ref name="River Basins">Template:Cite web</ref>
87 Oceania Digul 3,867 853 530 45,900 Arafura Sea Primary river<ref name="Grafik Neraca Air Pulau Papua">Template:Cite web</ref>
88 South America Huallaga 3,796 1,138 704 95,000 Marañón Tributary river<ref name="Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN)"/>
89 Asia Godavari 3,571 1,465 910 312,812 Bay of Bengal Primary river<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
90 North America Nelson 3,539 2,575 1,600 1,125,520 Hudson Bay Primary river<ref name="The effect of climate change on the simulated streamflow of six Canadian rivers based on the CanRCM4 regional climate model">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="online.ucpress.edu">Template:Cite journal</ref>
91 South America Caura 3,500 723 449 49,530 Orinoco Tributary river<ref name="La geografía del agua"/>

<ref name="The effect of climate change on the simulated streamflow of six Canadian rivers based on the CanRCM4 regional climate model">Template:Cite journal</ref>

92 Africa Benue 3,477 1,440 895 319,000 Niger Tributary river<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
93 Asia Kaladan 3,476 450 278 40,000 Bay of Bengal Primary river<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System">Template:Cite journal</ref>
94 South America Jutaí 3,462 1,200 742 74,000 Amazon Tributary river<ref name="auto1"/>
95 North America Slave 3,451 434 270 616,400 Great Slave Lake Tributary river<ref name="Mackenzie">Template:Cite web</ref>
96 Asia Lohit 3,438 460 285 50,000 Brahmaputra Tributary river<ref name="Rivers Network-Ganga (Ganges)-Brahmaputra">Template:Cite web</ref>
97 Europe Northern Dvina 3,416 1,441 895 357,052 White Sea Primary river<ref name="online.ucpress.edu">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="igpl" />
98 North America La Grande 3,400 893 555 209,000 James Bay Primary river<ref name="Recent trends and variability in river discharge across northern Canada">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="discharge">Hydro-Québec and GENIVAR Groupe Conseil inc., Environmental Monitoring of the La Grande-2-A and La Grande-1 Projects. Abridged Summary Report 1987-2000. La Grande Winter plume. July 2005 (Online version Template:Webarchive)</ref>
99 South America Inírida 3,385 1,300 804 53,795 Guaviare Tributary river<ref name="ESTUDIO NACIONAL DEL AGUA 2010 (IDEAM) - Agua Superficial - Caracterización y análísis de la oferta">Template:Cite book</ref>
100 Asia Shatt al-Arab–Euphrates–Tigris 3,350 204 127 938,173 Persian Gulf Primary river<ref name="Tigris Euphrates Delta-Coastal">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="General assessment of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq">Template:Cite journal</ref>
101 Oceania Purari 3,300 630 390 33,670 Gulf of Papua Primary river<ref name=Deltares>Template:Cite web</ref>
102 Oceania Kikori 3,274 405 250 23,309 Gulf of Papua Primary river<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System">Template:Cite journal</ref>
103 Asia Khatanga 3,200 1,636 1,012 364,000 Laptev Sea Primary river<ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge">Template:Cite journal</ref>
104 Oceania Pulau 3,133 569 353 37,164 Arafura Sea Primary river<ref name="Final report Einlanden-Digul-Bikuma basin IWRM case study">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=Deltares/>
105 Africa Nile 3,075 6,853 4,258 3,349,000 Mediterranean Sea Primary river<ref name="Nile River">Template:Cite web</ref>
106 Asia Musi 3,054 759 471 59,942 South China Sea Primary river<ref name=sda.pu.go.id>Template:Cite web</ref>
107 South America Tigre 3,047 940 581 45,073 Marañón Tributary river<ref name="Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN)">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="Evaluación de recursos hídricos en la cuenca Marañón">Template:Cite journal</ref>
108 Asia Subansiri 3,003 442 275 35,763 Brahmaputra Tributary river<ref name="Rivers Network-Ganga (Ganges)-Brahmaputra">Template:Cite web</ref>
109 Asia Ghaghara 2,993 1,080 671 127,950 Ganges Tributary river<ref name="JainAgarwal2007-341">Template:Cite book</ref>
110 Asia Irtysh 2,980 4,248 2,627 1,673,470 Ob Tributary river
111 Asia Yamuna 2,949 1,376 855 366,223 Ganges Tributary river<ref name="JainAgarwal2007-341" />
112 South America São Francisco 2,943 2,830 1,758 641,000 Atlantic Ocean Primary river
113 Asia Srepok 2,940 450 279 79,015 Mekong Tributary river<ref name="Rivers Network">Template:Cite web</ref>
114 Africa Kwango 2,932 1,100 680 270,904 Kasai Tributary river<ref name="Congo River">Template:Cite web</ref>
115 Asia Panjnad 2,910 71 44 395,000 Indus Tributary river<ref name="Sutlej">Template:Cite web</ref>
116 Europe Rhine 2,900 1,233 820 198,735 North Sea Primary river<ref>Rhine case study; Technical documents in hydrology: PC-CP series; Vol.:17; 2003</ref>
117 South America Beni 2,875 1,100 680 131,500 Madre de Dios Tributary river<ref name="Hydroclimatology of the Upper Madeira River basin: Spatio-temporal variability and trends">Template:Cite journal</ref>
118 Asia Gan 2,865 599 372 103,107 Yangtze Tributary river<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)">Template:Cite web</ref>
119 Asia Min 2,850 735 457 133,000 Yangtze Tributary river<ref name="books.google.com">Template:Cite book</ref>
120 Asia Xiang 2,848 948 589 102,148 Yangtze Tributary river<ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)">Template:Cite web</ref>
121 Europe Neva 2,770 74 46 287,094 Gulf of Finland Primary river<ref name="River Basins">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
122 South America Pastaza 2,769 740 458 41,000 Marañón Tributary river<ref name="Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN)"/>
123 South America Iriri 2,745 1,300 810 130,000 Xingu Tributary river
124 South America Cuyuni 2,719 618 384 85,635 Essequibo Tributary river<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
125 Asia Mali Hka 2,693 320 200 23,221 Irrawaddy Tributary river<ref name="Upper Irrawaddy">Template:Cite web</ref>
126 North America Missouri 2,673 3,767 2,341 1,371,010 Mississippi Tributary river<ref name="USGS Water-Year Summary for Site USGS 06935965">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="igpl" />
127 Africa Cross 2,647 489 304 53,590 Gulf of Guinea Primary river<ref name="River Basins">Template:Cite web</ref>
128 Asia Batang Hari 2,643 800 497 46,504 South China Sea Primary river<ref name=sda.pu.go.id/>
129 Asia Amu Darya 2,618 2,400 1,491 534,739 Aral Sea Primary river<ref name="Environmental flow assessment, evaluation, and suggestions for dying riverine ecosystem of the transboundary Amudarya River, Central Asia">Template:Cite journal</ref>
130 South America Casiquiare 2,574 340 210 82,800 Rio Negro Tributary river<ref name="Amazon">Template:Cite web</ref>
131 Asia Yellow 2,571 5,464 3,395 752,000 Yellow Sea Primary river
132 Asia Mahanadi 2,562 900 560 141,600 Bay of Bengal Primary river<ref name="Indian Peninsula">Template:Cite web</ref>
133 Asia Pyasina 2,550 818 508 182,000 Kara Sea Primary river
134 Asia Koshi 2,500 729 453 69,300 Ganges Tributary river<ref name="JainAgarwal2007-341" />
135 Africa Sangha 2,471 790 489 213,400 Congo journal=International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation">Template:Cite journal</ref>
136 Asia Songhua 2,463 1,434 887 557,180 Amur Tributary river
137 Asia Ghorautra 2,463 90 56 24,060 Meghna Tributary river<ref name="Rivers Network-Ganga (Ganges)-Brahmaputra">Template:Cite web</ref>
138 Asia Kayan 2,454 576 358 33,005 Celebes Sea Primary river<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
139 North America Liard 2,434 1,115 693 277,100 Mackenzie Tributary river
140 South America Guainía 2,433 640 400 28,900 Rio Negro Tributary river<ref name="Amazon">Template:Cite web</ref>
141 South America Guapore 2,430 1,260 783 341,000 Mamoré Tributary river
142 South America Ituí 2,422 558 347 43,403 Javari Tributary river<ref name="Middle Amazon"/><ref name="auto1"/>
143 South America Apure 2,400 1,038 645 121,400 Orinoco Tributary river<ref name="La geografía del agua"/>
144 South America Rio Grande 2,400 1,360 841 143,000 Paraná Tributary river
145 South America Paragua 2,389 550 340 39,605 Caroní Tributary river<ref name="Caroni">Template:Cite web</ref>
146 Asia Vitim 2,379 1,940 1,210 225,000 Lena Tributary river<ref name="Siberian Basins">Template:Cite web</ref>
147 South America Cauca 2,364 1,180 730 59,840 Magdalena Tributary river
148 South America Yarí 2,360 620 383 31,650 Japurá Tributary river
149 South America Urubamba 2,330 724 448 60,300 Ucayali Tributary river<ref name="Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN)"/>
150 South America Jacuí 2,327 723 449 82,618 Lagoa dos Patos Primary river<ref name="Jacui">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Atlantic East Coast">Template:Cite web</ref>
151 South America San Juan 2,304 380 240 16,465 Pacific Ocean Primary river<ref name="ESTUDIO NACIONAL DEL AGUA 2022">Template:Cite book</ref>
152 South America Uatumã 2,291 701 436 67,920 Amazon Tributary river<ref name="Lower Amazon">Template:Cite web</ref>
153 South America Içana 2,279 676 420 35,675 Rio Negro Tributary river<ref name="Amazon Negro">Template:Cite web</ref>
154 South America Jamanxim 2,217 666 414 58,771 Tapajós Tributary river<ref name="Amazon">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Mapping the world’s free-flowing rivers">Template:Cite journal</ref>
155 Asia Krishna River 2,213 1,400 870 258,948 Bay of Bengal Primary river<ref name="A Significant Shift in Particulate Organic Matter Characteristics during Flooding of River Krishna, Eastern Peninsular India">Template:Cite journal</ref>
156 Africa Aruwimi 2,200 1,287 799 116,100 Congo Tributary river<ref name="FAO">Template:Cite web</ref>
157 North America Red River 2,187 2,190 1,360 239,195 Atchafalaya Tributary river<ref name="Lower Red-Ouachita">Template:Cite web</ref>
158 South America Ventuari 2,160 520 322 40,861 Orinoco Tributary river<ref name="Orinoco">Template:Cite web</ref>
159 South America Curaray 2,155 800 500 26,775 Napo Tributary river<ref name="Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN)"/>
160 North America Tennessee 2,140 1,049 652 105,870 Ohio Tributary river<ref name="Lower Tennessee">Template:Cite web</ref>
161 North America St. Marys 2,135 120 75 127,700 Lake Huron Tributary river
162 South America Tapauá 2,135 640 400 63,185 Purus Tributary river<ref name="auto1"/>
163 Asia Jialing 2,120 1,345 836 160,000 Yangtze Tributary river<ref name="books.google.com" />
164 North America Mobile 2,118 72 45 112,530 Gulf of Mexico Primary river<ref name="Mobile-Tombigbee">Template:Cite web</ref>
165 North America Peace 2,110 1,923 1,195 306,000 Slave Tributary river
166 Asia Olyokma 2,110 1,436 892 210,000 Lena Tributary river
167 Asia Yuan 2,106 864 537 93,287 Yangtze Tributary river<ref name="Yuan Jiang">Template:Cite web</ref>
168 South America Ji-Paraná 2,100 820 510 76,127 Madeira Tributary river<ref name="SIMULAÇÃO HIDROLÓGICA NA AMAZÔNIA: RIO MADEIRA">Template:Cite web</ref>
169 Africa Sanaga 2,072 1,067 663 132,990 Gulf of Guinea Primary river<ref name="FAO"/>
170 Africa Lomami 2,062 1,450 900 104,162 Congo Tributary river<ref name="Congo">Template:Cite web</ref>
171 Asia Hongshui 2,049 669.6 416.1 141,674 Xi Tributary river
172 Africa Lulonga 2,040 200 120 76,950 Congo Tributary river<ref name="Shift in the chemical composition of dissolved organic matter in the Congo River network">Template:Cite web</ref>
173 Asia Gandaki 2,025 814 506 46,300 Ganges Tributary river
174 Asia Anadyr 2,020 1,150 710 191,000 Gulf of Anadyr Primary river<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System">Template:Cite journal</ref>
175 Oceania Bamu 2,000 310 193 19,346 Gulf of Papua Primary river<ref name="Anatomy and growth of a Holocene clinothem in the Gulf of Papua">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="Papua New Guinea Coast">Template:Cite web</ref>

List of primary rivers by discharge

The global annual runoff into the oceans (38,500–44,200 km3/year) is dominated by runoff into the South Atlantic from eastern South America, into the western Pacific from east Asia, and into the Indian Ocean from India, and southeast Asia. Depending on the estimate, the Amazon alone accounts for 15–18% of the annual freshwater runoff into the oceans.<ref name="Land2Sea data-base of river drainage basin sizes, annual water discharges, and suspended sediment fuxes">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="University of Southampton Institutional Repository">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="Continetal Runoff into the Oceans (1950–2008)">Template:Cite journal</ref> Template:Pie chart Template:Pie chart

Template:Bar chart

No Continent River Station Average discharge (m3/s) Outflow
Mean Min Max
1 South America Amazon Amazon Delta 220,800 180,000 340,000 Atlantic Ocean<ref name="HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN">Template:Cite book</ref>
2 Asia Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna Ganges Delta 43,950 10,000 160,000 Bay of Bengal<ref name="Hydrological Cycle Volume III">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Variation of Satellite-Based Suspended Sediment Concentration in the Ganges-Brahmaputra Estuary from 1990 to 2020">Template:Cite journal</ref>
3 Africa Congo (Zaire) Banana 41,400 32,000 57,670 Atlantic Ocean<ref name="Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations">Template:Cite journal</ref>
4 South America Orinoco Orinoco Delta 39,000 8,000 85,000 Atlantic Ocean<ref name="La geografía del agua"/><ref name="XXI. PECES DEL FONDO DEL RÍO ORINOCO Y AFLUENTES PRINCIPALES (COLOMBIA-VENEZUELA): diversidad y aspectos bioecológicos"/>
5 Asia Yangtze Yangtze Delta 31,900 11,300 49,500 East China Sea<ref name="Hydrological Cycle Volume III"/><ref name="Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)">Template:Cite web</ref>
6 South America Río de la Plata La Plata Estuary 27,225 12,000 50,000 Atlantic Ocean<ref name="cicplata2016">Template:Cite bookTemplate:Page needed</ref>
7 North America Mississippi Mississippi Delta 21,300 5,000 56,000 Gulf of Mexico<ref name="Variability of Carbon Export in the Lower Mississippi River during an Extreme Cold and Warm Year">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="USGSrivers">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
8 Asia Yenisei Yenisei Estuary 20,200 4,200 78,500 Kara Sea<ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge">Template:Cite journal</ref>
9 Asia Lena Lena Delta 18,300 3,590 72,000 Laptev Sea<ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge">Template:Cite journal</ref>
10 Asia Mekong Mekong Delta 15,856 3,000 39,000 South China Sea<ref name="River Basins">Template:Cite web</ref>
11 Asia Irrawaddy Irrawaddy Delta 15,112 6,460 38,000 Andaman Sea<ref name="cbsharma" />
12 Asia Ob Ob Estuary 13,100 6,230 46,000 Gulf of Ob<ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge">Template:Cite journal</ref>
13 North America Saint Lawrence Québéc 12,500 9,225 14,835 Gulf of Saint Lawrence<ref name="Physical oceanographic conditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence during 2023">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="St Lawrence-Great Lakes">Template:Cite web</ref>
14 Asia Amur Amur Estuary 12,360 5,340 19,000 Sea of Okhotsk<ref name="Intra-Seasonal Variability">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="River Basins">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
15 Asia Pearl (Xi) Pearl Delta 10,700 3,600 20,000 South China Sea<ref name="Spatiotemporal Variation of Annual Runoff and Sediment Load in the Pearl River during 1953-2017">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
16 North America Mackenzie Mackenzie Delta 9,800 4,090 15,800 Beaufort Sea<ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge">Template:Cite journal</ref>
17 Europe Volga Volga Delta 8,380 5,500 19,600 Caspian Sea<ref name="THE VOLGA RIVER BASIN REPORT">Template:Cite book</ref>
18 South America Magdalena Barranquilla 8,058 2,465 16,463 Caribbean Sea<ref name="ESTUDIO NACIONAL DEL AGUA 2022">Template:Cite book</ref>
19 Africa Niger Niger Delta 7,900 1,200 35,000 Gulf of Guinea<ref name="The Niger River Basin - A Vision for Sustainable Management">Template:Cite book</ref>
20 North America Columbia Astoria 7,407 2,230 19,100 Pacific Ocean<ref name="River Basins">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
21 Oceania Fly Ogwa 7,355 3,680 12,762 Gulf of Papua<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
22 North America Yukon Pilot Station 6,860 1,360 21,100 Bering Sea<ref name="USGS 15565447 YUKON R AT PILOT STATION AK">Template:Cite web</ref>
23 Asia Salween Moulmein 6,600 2,300 32,600 Andaman Sea<ref name="Integrating Suspended Sediment Flux in Large Alluvial River Channels: Application of a Synoptic Rouse‐Based Model to the Irrawaddy and Salween Rivers">Template:Cite journal</ref>
24 Europe Danube Ceatal Izmail 6,510 1,790 15,900 Black Sea<ref name="Annual Reports">Template:Cite web</ref>
25 Asia Kapuas Kapuas Delta 6,012 3,000 9,000 South China Sea<ref name="Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS">Template:Cite journal</ref>
26 Asia Indus Indus Delta 5,589 1,100 18,000 Arabian Sea<ref name="River Basins">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
27 Oceania Mamberamo Mamberamo Delta 5,500 Pacific Ocean<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
28 Oceania Sepik Angoram 5,000 2,600 11,000 Bismarck Sea<ref name="Geomorphology of Papua New Guinea">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
29 South America Essequibo Bartica 4,951 1,850 8,700 Atlantic Ocean<ref name="River Basins">Template:Cite web</ref>
30 Africa Ogooué Lambaréné 4,935 1,610 9,440 Atlantic Ocean<ref>Template:Cite conference</ref>
31 Europe Pechora Oksino 4,800 643 17,182 Barents Sea<ref name="Structure and variability of the Pechora plume in the southeastern part of the Barents Sea">Template:Cite journal</ref>
32 Asia Rajang Rajang Delta 4,715 1,100 8,000 South China Sea<ref name="Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite thesis</ref>
33 Asia Barito Barito Delta 4,514 Java Sea<ref name="Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS">Template:Cite journal</ref>
34 Asia Red (Hong) Red River Delta 4,300 1,200 9,500 Gulf of Tonkin<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
35 Asia Mahakam Mahakam Delta 4,278 1,000 8,000 Makassar Strait<ref name="Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS">Template:Cite journal</ref>
36 Africa Zambezi Marromeu 4,217 920 18,600 Indian Ocean<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
37 South America Atrato Atrato Delta 4,138 Caribbean Sea<ref name="Streamflow Intensification Driven by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in the Atrato River Basin, Northwestern Colombia">Template:Cite journal</ref>
38 Asia Kolyma Kolyma Delta 4,100 East Siberian Sea<ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge">Template:Cite journal</ref>
39 North America Grijalva–Usumacinta Grijalva Delta 4,028 Gulf of Mexico<ref name="River Basins">Template:Cite web</ref>
40 North America Fraser Vancouver 3,944 575 17,000 Pacific Ocean<ref name="River Basins">Template:Cite web</ref>
41 Oceania Digul Digul Delta 3,867 10,600 Arafura Sea<ref name="Grafik Neraca Air Pulau Papua">Template:Cite web</ref>
42 Oceania Eilanden (Pulau) Eilanden Delta 3,783 Arafura Sea<ref name="Grafik Neraca Air Pulau Papua">Template:Cite web</ref>
43 Asia Godavari Godavari Delta 3,571 Bay of Bengal<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
44 North America Nelson Port Nelson 3,539 1,000 7,000 Hudson Bay<ref name="The effect of climate change on the simulated streamflow of six Canadian rivers based on the CanRCM4 regional climate model">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="online.ucpress.edu">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="An observational study of ice effects on Nelson River estuarine variability, Hudson Bay, Canada">Template:Cite journal</ref>
45 Asia Kaladan Kaladan Delta 3,476 Bay of Bengal<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System">Template:Cite journal</ref>
46 Europe Northern Dvina Ust-Pinega 3,416 White Sea<ref name="online.ucpress.edu">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="igpl" />
47 North America La Grande La Grande 1 3,400 James Bay<ref name="Recent trends and variability in river discharge across northern Canada">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="discharge">Hydro-Québec and GENIVAR Groupe Conseil inc., Environmental Monitoring of the La Grande-2-A and La Grande-1 Projects. Abridged Summary Report 1987-2000. La Grande Winter plume. July 2005 (Online version Template:Webarchive)</ref>
48 Asia Shatt al-Arab–Euphrates–Tigris Shatt al-Arab Delta 3,350 Persian Gulf<ref name="General assessment of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="Tigris Euphrates Delta-Coastal">Template:Cite web</ref>
49 Oceania Purari Purari Delta 3,300 Gulf of Papua<ref name=Deltares>Template:Cite web</ref>
50 Oceania Kikori Kikori Delta 3,274 Gulf of Papua<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System">Template:Cite journal</ref>
51 Asia Khatanga Khatanga Estuary 3,200 Laptev Sea<ref name="Recent changes to Arctic river discharge">Template:Cite journal</ref>
52 Asia Musi Musi Delta 3,054 1,400 4,200 South China Sea<ref name=sda.pu.go.id>Template:Cite web</ref>
53 South America São Francisco São Francisco Estuary 2,943 Atlantic Ocean
54 Europe Rhine Rhine Delta 2,900 800 13,000 North Sea<ref>Rhine case study; Technical documents in hydrology: PC-CP series; Vol.:17; 2003</ref>
55 Africa Nile Dongola 2,810 530 7,620 Mediterranean Sea<ref name="Gupta2007" />
56 Europe Neva Saint Petersburg 2,770 4,550 Gulf of Finland<ref name="River Basins">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
57 Africa Cross Cross Estuary 2,647 Gulf of Guinea<ref name="River Basins">Template:Cite web</ref>
58 Asia Batang Hari Batang Hari Delta 2,643 South China Sea<ref name=sda.pu.go.id/>
59 Asia Yellow Yellow Delta 2,571 36,000 Yellow Sea
60 Asia Pyasina Pyasina Delta 2,550 Kara Sea
61 Asia Amu Darya Kerki 2,525 Aral Sea
62 Asia Kayan Tanjung Selor 2,454 Celebes Sea<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
63 South America Jacuí Porto Alegre 2,327 Lagoa dos Patos<ref name="Jacui">Template:Cite web</ref>
64 South America San Juan Before delta 2,304 Pacific Ocean<ref name="ESTUDIO NACIONAL DEL AGUA 2022">Template:Cite book</ref>
65 Asia Krishna Krishna Delta 2,213 Bay of Bengal
66 Asia Mahanadi Mahanadi Delta 2,119 Bay of Bengal
67 North America Mobile Mobile Estuary 2,118 282 9,018 Gulf of Mexico<ref name="Mobile-Tombigbee">Template:Cite web</ref>
68 Africa Sanaga Sanaga Delta 2,072 473 5,700 Gulf of Guinea<ref name="FAO"/>
69 Asia Anadyr Anadyr Estuary 2,020 Gulf of Anadyr<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System">Template:Cite journal</ref>
70 Oceania Bamu Bamu Estuary 2,000 Gulf of Papua<ref name="Anatomy and growth of a Holocene clinothem in the Gulf of Papua">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="Papua New Guinea Coast">Template:Cite web</ref>

See also

Notes

Template:Reflist

References

<references />

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