List of rulers of Aq Qoyunlu
The Bayandurids<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> or the Tur-'Alids<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> ruled over the Aq Qoyunlu confederation, that was founded by Tur Ali bin Pehlwan (1340-1360 C.E.), and was followed by his son Qutlugh bin Tur Ali (1360-1378/79 C.E.) and his grandson Uthman Beg respectively, the founder of Aq Qoyunlu state. The dynasty originated around Diyarbakır and ruled the territory now part of present-day Turkey, Iraq and Iran. Their capital was the city of Tabriz after 1471–1472. They gained international significance under Uzun Hasan who became their greatest leader. He conquered the Qara Qoyunlu and defeated the Timurid Empire, thus adding significant portions of Iran to his kingdom. He eventually lost to the Ottoman Empire, weakening his kingdom. The kingdom was eventually absorbed into Safavid Iran.
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used by the Aq Qoyunlu<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Aq Qoyunlu rulers
- In letters from the Ottoman Sultans, when addressing the kings of Aq Qoyunlu, such titles as Template:Langx "Iranian King of Kings", Template:Langx "Iranian Sultan of Sultans", Template:Langx Shåhanshåh Irån Khadiv Ajam "Shahanshah of Iran and Ruler of Persia", Jamshid shawkat va Fereydun råyat va Dårå deråyat "Powerful like Jamshid, flag of Fereydun and wise like Darius" have been used.<ref name=AMS>Template:Cite book, pp. 193, 274, 315, 330, 332, 422 and 430. See also: Abdul Hussein Navai, Asnaad o Mokatebaat Tarikhi Iran (Historical sources and letters of Iran), Tehran, Bongaah Tarjomeh and Nashr-e-Ketab, 2536, pages 578,657, 701-702 and 707</ref> Uzun Hassan also held the title Padishah-i Iran "Padishah of Iran",<ref>H.R. Roemer, "The Safavid Period", in Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. VI, Cambridge University Press 1986, p. 339: "Further evidence of a desire to follow in the line of Turkmen rulers is Ismail's assumption of the title 'Padishah-i-Iran', previously held by Uzun Hasan."</ref> which was re-adopted again in the Safavid times through his grandson Ismail I, the founder of the Safavid dynasty.
- Yellow Shaded rows signify Progenitors of Aq Qoyunlu dynasty.
- Blue Shaded row signifies Nominal rule.
| Diyarbakır | Azerbaijan | Iraq | Isfahan, Fars & Kerman | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bey Template:Nastaliq Qasem Beg 1498 – 1499 C.E. |
Bey Template:Nastaliq Abul-Muzaffar Template:Nastaliq Alwand bin Yusuf bin Uzun Hasan Template:Nastaliq 1497 – 1502 C.E. |
Bey Template:Nastaliq Abul-Mukarram Template:Nastaliq Muhammad bin Yusuf bin Uzun Hasan Template:Nastaliq 1497 – 1500 C.E. | ||
| Bey Template:Nastaliq Zayn-al-Aibidin bin Ahmed bin Ughurlu Muhammad Template:Nastaliq 1504 – 1514 C.E. |
Shāh Ismāʿil Template:Nastaliq After invading Shirvan and taking Baku, Shah Ismail I besieged the fort at Gulistan when news arrived that Alwand bin Yusuf bin Uzun Hasan had reached Nakhchivan with an army. Ismail broke off the siege and went rapidly to combat the Aq Qoyunlu. He sent his commander Piri Beg who defeated the Aq Qoyunlu commander Amir Uthman at the Battle of Shurur near Nakhchivan thus leaving the Aq Qoyunlu to rapidly collapse as a kingdom. 1502 C.E. |
Bey Template:Nastaliq Abul-Muzaffar Template:Nastaliq Sultan Murad bin Yaqub bin Uzun Hasan Template:Nastaliq 1500 – 1514 C.E. | ||
| Dissolution of Aq Qoyunlu in 1514. Absorbed into the Safavid Empire of Iran. | ||||
Genealogy of Aq Qoyunlu
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