List of subcamps of Flossenbürg

File:Außenlager des KZ Flossenbürg (September 2019).jpg

The expansion of Flossenbürg concentration camp led to the establishment of subcamps, the first of which was established at Stulln in February 1942 to provide forced labor to a mining company. Many of them were located in the Sudetenland or across the border in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.Template:Sfn The vast majority were established after 1 March 1944.Template:Sfn Initially, the subcamps were not involved in armaments production, which changed in the second half of 1944 due to a large influx of available prisoners and the activities of the Jägerstab, which sought to increase German aircraft production.Template:Sfn The Jägerstab's dispersal of aircraft production spurred the expansion of the subcamp system in 1944Template:Sfn and resulted in the establishment of the two largest of the subcamps, at Hersbruck and Leitmeritz.Template:Sfn In the second half of 1944, 45 new camps were created, compared to three camps in the previous six months. The staffing these new camps was increasingly filled by Luftwaffe soldiers, Volksdeutsche SS men (ethnic Germans from outside the Reich), and SS women, for the subcamps containing female prisoners.Template:Sfn By April 1945, 80% of the prisoners were at the subcamps.Template:Sfn Of all the concentration camp systems, Flossenbürg's subcamp system was one of the three most important to the economy of Nazi Germany, along with those of Dachau and Mauthausen.Template:Sfn

List of subcamps

Name	Image	Location	Dates of operation	Prisoners	Deaths	Description
AltenhammerTemplate:Anchor	File:Altenhammer aerial photograph.jpg	Template:Ill, Bavaria Template:Coord	Late 1944 or early 1945–16 April 1945	552 (March 1945)	More than 45	Began in 1942 as a work detachment from Flossenbürg main camp, Template:Convert away, for the Ernst Stich Quarry. In 1944, production lines for parts of the Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter were established and initially manned by prisoners from the main camp. The barracks were built and prisoners moved in around the end of 1944. The camp was guarded mostly by Luftwaffe guards and conditions were poor. On 16 April 1945 the prisoners were transferred back to the main camp.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
AnsbachTemplate:Anchor		Rezathalle, Ansbach, Bavaria Template:Coord	13 March – 4 April 1945	700	72	Prisoners were held in the Rezathalle fair pavilion and worked at repairing bomb damage to the nearby rail lines. Rations were very low which contributed to the death rate. On 4 April, 93 prisoners were sent to Hersbruck while the rest were sent back to the main camp.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
AueTemplate:Anchor		Aue, Saxony Template:Coord	24 November 1944 – late April 1945	20	None	Skilled Hungarian Jews worked on a project to build an SS leadership training school.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
Template:IllTemplate:Anchor	File:Gedenkstein KZ Außenlager Bayreuth 2018 xy2.jpg	Bayreuth, Bavaria Template:Coord	13 June 1944 – 11 April 1945	63	None at the camp. Eleven died as a result of their imprisonment.	Prisoners, who had been selected for their skills at Neuengamme, worked at the "Institute of Physical Research", under the leadership of physicist Template:Ill to develop remote-controlled bombs at the New Cotton Mill owned by Bodo Lafferentz. Conditions were relatively good, but the role of the Wagner family in the subcamp has attracted interest.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
BrüxTemplate:Anchor		Brüx, Reichsgau Sudetenland (now Most, Czech Republic) Template:Coord	1 September – 7 October 1944	1,000	4	1,000 prisoners arrived on 1 September on a transport from Sachsenhausen. Little is known of the conditions, although prisoners probably worked in coal mines and tank production. On 7 October, they were transferred back to the Flossenbürg main camp and thence to Leitmeritz.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
ChemnitzTemplate:Anchor	File:Altchemnitzer Straße 41. Bild 3.JPG	Chemnitz, Saxony Template:Coord	24 October 1944 – 8 May 1945	510	2	The prisoners, all women who had been transported from Auschwitz, produced metal parts for airplanes and machine guns for Template:Ill, 12-hour days six days a week. Nutrition was lacking but the physical brutality of guards was less than elsewhere.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
Dresden BehelfsheimTemplate:Anchor		Dresden, Saxony Template:Coord	12 April 1945 –	103	Unknown	Many of the prisoners were in poor health due to previous imprisonment.Template:Sfn
Dresden BernsdorfTemplate:Anchor	File:F6 - Cigaretten Fabrik Dresden - Schandauer Straße 68.jpg	Dresden, Saxony Template:Coord	24 November 1944 – 14 April 1945	500	16 from mistreatment and additional victims of bombing of Dresden and executions	Most prisoners were Polish Jews who came from the Łódź Ghetto via Stutthof. Already in bad condition, they suffered from poor living conditions and forced labor producing machine guns for Bernsdorf & Co. After the bombing of Dresden on 13 February, the prisoners were sent to Mockethal except 50 men who were forced to clear bomb debris.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
Dresden (SS Engineers' Barracks) Template:Anchor	File:06412-Dresden-1905-Kaserne des 1. Königlich Sächsischen Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 12-Brück & Sohn Kunstverlag (cropped).jpg	Dresden, Saxony Template:Coord	June 1942 – 15 April 1945	198 (December 1943)	3–7	This was the second and longest-lasting of the Flossenbürg subcamps. Prisoners worked mostly on construction for the SS-Bauleitung Dresden but were also drafted for other construction projects and sold to private firms.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
Dresden UniverselleTemplate:Anchor	File:Fabrikgebäude Universelle-Werke Zwickauer Str. 46 - 1.jpg	Dresden, Saxony Template:Coord	9 October 1944 – mid-April 1945	700	3	Many of the women in the camp had already spent years in other concentration camps. In Dresden, they worked and slept in the same building at 14 Florastrasse, a supplier for Junkers aircraft company. During the bombing of Dresden, some women may have died and others managed to escape, while the remainder were taken to Mockethal and returned in mid-March, at which point they worked in clearing debris.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
Dresden Template:IllTemplate:Anchor	File:Goehle-Werk 2016 01.jpg	Dresden, Saxony Template:Coord	9 October 1944 – mid-April 1945	600	2	Female prisoners, mostly Russian and Polish, worked on producing time fuses, incendiary fragmentation projectiles for antiaircraft cannons, and other weapons. Food rations were insufficient and the female SS guards frequently beat prisoners. In mid-April they were deported to Leitmeritz but all escaped near the Sudeten border.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
Dresden-ReickTemplate:Anchor		Dresden, Saxony Template:Coord	October 1944		23	There were three murders. The rest of the deaths came mostly from ill Jewish prisoners who were in poor condition due to previous imprisonment at Auschwitz and Bergen-Belsen.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
Dresden-FriedrichstadtTemplate:Anchor	File:Luftbild Dresden 06.jpg	Dresden-Friedrichstadt station, Dresden, Saxony Template:Coord	12 September 1944–late February 1945	597 (November 1944)	89	Prisoners had to repair damaged railroad cars for RAW. Food was inadequate while the SS guards severely mistreated prisoners. Some were shot “while attempting to escape”. Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
Dresden ReichsbahnTemplate:Anchor			24 March–May 1945	500		Prisoners worked also for RAW and lived in five-tiered bunk beds near the railroad station hall. The unsanitary conditions led municipal authorities to fear a typhus epidemic.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
EichstättTemplate:Anchor	File:Eichstätt, Willibaldsburg, Ansicht von Westen 20170825 003.jpg	Willibaldsburg Castle, Eichstätt, Bavaria Template:Coord	October 1944 – January 1945	22	None	The prisoners—Dutch, Polish, and Czech—worked for Nuremberg SS Signal Reserve Battalion and stayed in Willibaldsburg Castle.Template:Sfn
EisenbergTemplate:Anchor	File:Schloss-Eisenberg-13.jpg	Template:Ill, Reichsgau Sudetenland (now Jezeří Castle in the Czech Republic) Template:Coord	21 June 1943 – 27 April 1945	30	None	Most prisoners worked in the kitchen for a POW camp for French officers located at the same site. After the SS guards left, the prisoners left the castle and walked to the front line with the United States Army.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
Template:IllTemplate:Anchor		Falkenau an der Eger, Reichsgau Sudetenland (now Sokolov, Czech Republic) Template:Coord	December 1943 – around July 1944	750	None	Women from a variety of countries produced aircraft parts for Ignaz Schmieger AG. From March 1944, they also built the barracks that would become Zwodau concentration camp. Conditions, especially food, were better than elsewhere, and the women lived in a textile factory. There were 18 Luftwaffe guards and 21 SS women.Template:Sfn
FlöhaTemplate:Anchor	File:12091-Plaue-Bernsdorf-1910-Siemsstraße-Brück & Sohn Kunstverlag.jpg	Flöha, Saxony Template:Coord	18 March 1944 – 14 April 1945	611 (February 1945)	42 at the camp	Prisoners, mostly Russian and French men, worked for the Flöha Tüllfabrik, which had been turned over to production by Template:Ill, an aircraft manufacturer, in order to disperse production. Some skilled prisoners deliberately sabotaged production despite the risk to themesleves. Fifty-seven prisoners were executed during a death march towards Theresienstadt.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
FreibergTemplate:Anchor		Freiberg, Saxony Template:Coord	31 August 1944 – 14 April 1945	1002	At least 5	The prisoners, mostly Polish Jewish women, arrived on three transports from Auschwitz. They worked for Arado, an aircraft manufacturer. Conditions were fairly good until they were moved to purpose-built barracks in December 1944, but the nutrition was inadequate. In April 1945, remaining prisoners were evacuated to Mauthausen concentration camp.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
Template:IllTemplate:Anchor	File:Ganacker-linker-Gedenkstein.jpg	Template:Ill, Bavaria Template:Coord	21 February 1945 – 24 or 25 April 1945	500–900	183	Prisoners worked for the Luftwaffe at Ganacker airfield. Initially, they were housed at the airfield, but later they moved to improvised tents in a forest clearing 2 kilometers (1.2 miles) away. Poor housing, insufficient food, as well as a contaminated water supply caused many deaths. Forty-five prisoners, too weak to be moved, were murdered during the evacuation of the camp. Other prisoners died during the death march towards Traunstein.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
GrafenreuthTemplate:Anchor		Template:Ill, Bavaria Template:Coord	June 1943–20 or 21 April 1945	150 (August 1944)	One	Prisoners worked on the nearby Weiden-Floss-Eslarn railway, unloading cars, and others built a clothing factory operated by the SS. The first SS commander, Kübler, embezzled prisoner rations and beat them; his successor Voigt tried to ensure that prisoners were not mistreated. Sick prisoners were transported to Flossenbürg where some died.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
GraslitzTemplate:Anchor	File:Kraslice bývalý koncentrační tábor Flossenbürg.jpg	Graslitz, Reichsgau Sudetenland (now Kraslice, Czech Republic) Template:Coord	7 August 1944	877 (April 1945)	None at the camp	Prisoners, many of whom were Romani, did forced labor for Luftfahrtgerätewerk Hakenfelde GmbH, a subsidiary of Siemens which produced aircraft parts including navigation equipment, flight instruments, and electronics. Some prisoners had to clear bomb debris from the railway station in early 1945.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
GröditzTemplate:Anchor	File:Gröditz 2009 sr.jpg	Gröditz, Saxony Template:Coord	27 September 1944 – 17 April 1945	743 (April 1945)	220 as a result of camp conditions, 184 in a massacre	Prisoners worked and were quartered in the Template:Ill factory, which operated on the principle of "extermination through work"—conditions were intended to cause the death of prisoners. On 17 April, 184 prisoners deemed unable to march were shot in the Koselitz sandpits nearby; the remainder were marched to Leitmeritz and Theresienstadt.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
Template:IllTemplate:Anchor	File:Mahnmal KZ Außenlager Gundelsdorf - 1 - 2016-02.jpg	Template:Ill, Bavaria Template:Coord	12 September 1944 – 13 April 1945	121	2 and the camp, 18 at Flossenbürg (all men)	Most of the prisoners were Polish Jewish women from Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp; in November 1944, 21 Jewish men arrived. Prisoners were forced to build camp barracks, load and unload trains, and work for an aerial intelligence unit which had been relocated from Płaszów.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
HainichenTemplate:Anchor		Hainichen, Saxony Template:Coord	8 September 1944 – mid-April 1945	500	5 at the camp, others died during and after the death march	The prisoners were mostly Polish and Hungarian Jewish women from Transylvania and Carpathian Ruthenia, who were forced to work for Framo producing machine guns, launchers and mortars. The company paid the SS 4 Reichsmarks daily per prisoner, a total of 42,526 RM. Many of the guards were members of the Russian Liberation Army. In April 1945, they were evacuated to Theresienstadt.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
HappurgTemplate:Anchor	File:Doggerstollen Eingang-F 2.jpg	Happurg, Bavaria Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
HelmbrechtsTemplate:Anchor	File:VolarydeadJews.jpg	Helmbrechts, Bavaria Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
Template:IllTemplate:Anchor	File:KZ-Mahnmal bei Schupf1.jpg	Hersbruck, Bavaria Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
HertineTemplate:Anchor		Hertine, Reichsgau Sudetenland (now Rtyně nad Bílinou, Czech Republic) Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
Hof-MoschendorfTemplate:Anchor		Hof, Bavaria Template:Coord				Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
Hohenstein-ErnstthalTemplate:Anchor		Hohenstein-Ernstthal, Saxony Template:Coord				Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
HohenthanTemplate:Anchor		Hohenthan, Bavaria Template:Coord	14 February – 22 April 1945	6	None	Template:Sfn
Template:IllTemplate:Anchor	File:Holýšov 002.jpg	Holleischen, Reichsgau Sudetenland (now Holýšov, Czech Republic) Template:Coord			11	The men's camp was dissolved in January 1945 while the women's camp was liberated by Czech partisans on 3 May 1945.Template:Sfn
Template:IllTemplate:Anchor		Hradischko, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (now Hradištko, Czech Republic) Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
JanowitzTemplate:Anchor	File:Vrchotovy Janovice 2019 (6).jpg	Janowitz, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (now Vrchotovy Janovice, Czech Republic) Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
JohanngeorgenstadtTemplate:Anchor	File:Ehemalige KZ-Außenstelle in Johanngeorgenstadt (1).jpg	Johanngeorgenstadt, Saxony Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
Jungfern-BreschanTemplate:Anchor		Jungfern-Breschan, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (now Panenské Břežany, Czech Republic) Template:Coord	14 February 1944 – 8 May 1945			Liberated by the Red Army on 8 May 1945.Template:Sfn
Kirchham Template:Anchor		Kirchham, Bavaria Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
Template:IllTemplate:Anchor	File:Aerial photo of Festung Königstein, October 2008.jpg	Königstein Fortress, Königstein, Saxony Template:Coord	15 November 1944 – 17 March 1945			Template:Sfn
Template:IllTemplate:Anchor		Template:Ill, Reichsgau Sudetenland (now Korunní, Czech Republic) Template:Coord				Forced labor for Sudetenquell GmbH.Template:Sfn
Leitmeritz	File:Krematorium Richard Litomerice CZ 02.JPG	Leitmeritz, Reichsgau Sudetenland (now Litoměřice, Czech Republic) Template:Coord	24 March 1944 – 8 May 1945	9,000 (April 1945)	4,500	The largest subcamp of Flossenbürg, it was established as part of an effort to disperse and increase war production. Prisoners were forced to work in the caverns Richard I and II, producing Maybach HL230 tank engines for Auto Union (now Audi) and preparing the second site for intended production of tungsten and molybdenum wire and sheet metal by Osram. In the last weeks of the war, the camp became a hub for death marches, until its dissolution by the German surrender.Template:Sfn
Template:Ill Template:Anchor		Lengenfeld, Bavaria Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
LobositzTemplate:Anchor	File:Lobositz concentration camp prisoner list.jpg	Lobositz, Reichsgau Sudetenland (now Lovosice, Czech Republic) Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
MehltheuerTemplate:Anchor		Mehltheuer, Bavaria Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
Meissen-NeuhirschsteinTemplate:Anchor	File:Schloss Hirschstein 005 (cropped).jpg	Template:Ill, Hirschstein, Saxony Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
MittweidaTemplate:Anchor		Mittweida, Saxony Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
Mockethal-Zatzschke		Template:Ill, Saxony Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
Mülsen St. Micheln		Mülsen St. Micheln, Saxony Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
Neurohlau	File:PamatnikKTNovaRole.jpg	Neurohlau, Reichsgau Sudetenland (now Nová Role, Czech Republic) Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
Nossen		Nossen, Saxony Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
Nuremberg (SS-Barracks)	File:Aerial Nuremberg Suedkaserne.jpg	Nuremberg, Bavaria Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
Nuremberg (Siemens-Schuckertwerke)	File:Nürnberg, Royal Air Force Bomber Command, 1942-1945 CL3097.jpg	Nuremberg, Bavaria Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
Obertraubling	File:Messerschmitt-Werk Obertraubling (Sommer 1943).jpg	Obertraubling, Bavaria Template:Coord				See also Regensburg subcamp.Template:Sfn
Oederan		Oederan, Saxony Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
Plattling	File:Interpane Plattling.jpg	Plattling, Bavaria Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
Template:Ill		Plauen, Saxony Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
Template:Ill		Plauen, Saxony Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
Template:Ill		Plauen, Saxony Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
Porschdorf		Porschdorf, Saxony Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
Pottenstein	File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1994-024-09, Pottenstein, Gelände des SS-Karstwehr-Bataillons.jpg	Pottenstein, Bavaria Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
Template:Ill	File:Rabštejn Underground Factory 02.jpg	Böhmisch Kamnitz, Reichsgau Sudetenland (now Česká Kamenice, Czech Republic) Template:Coord				Template:IllTemplate:Sfn
Regensburg	File:Colosseum 002.jpg	Regensburg, Bavaria Template:Coord				aka Außenkommando Colosseum ("Colosseum subcamp").Template:Sfn
Reuth		Reuth bei Erbendorf, Bavaria Template:Coord		7		All Jehovah's Witnesses from Germany and the Netherlands.Template:Sfn
Template:Ill		Rochlitz, Saxony Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
Saal an der Donau	File:Memorial-Saal-KZ-Flossenbuerg.JPG	Saal an der Donau, Bavaria Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
Schlackenwerth	File:Ostrov nad Ohří zámek (3).jpg	Schlackenwerth, Reichsgau Sudetenland (now Ostrov, Czech Republic) Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
Schönheide		Schönheide, Saxony Template:Coord			3	Template:Sfn
Seifhennersdorf		Seifhennersdorf, Saxony Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
Siegmar-Schönau	File:Chemnitz-Schönau, Zwickauer Straße 221, Wanderer-Werke.jpg	Wanderer Works, Template:Ill, Saxony Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
St. Georgenthal		St. Georgenthal, Reichsgau Sudetenland (now Jiřetín pod Jedlovou, Czech Republic) Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
Steinschönau		Steinschönau, Reichsgau Sudetenland (now Kamenický Šenov, Czech Republic) Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
Stulln		Stulln, Bavaria Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
Venusberg	File:Gedenkstätte für die Opfer des Faschismus (Venusberg, Drebach) 2.jpg	Venusberg, Saxony Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
Wilischthal		Template:Ill, Saxony Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
Wolkenburg	File:Muldentalbahn bei der ehemaligen Papierfabrik in Herrnsdorf (Wolkenburg-Kaufungen) (4).jpg	Template:Ill, Saxony Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
Würzburg	File:Luitpoldkrankenhaus Würzburg 19.jpg	Würzburg, Bavaria Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
Zschachwitz		Template:Ill, Dresden, Saxony Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
Zschopau	File:25972-Zschopau-1932-DKW - Motorradwerke-Brück & Sohn Kunstverlag retusche (cropped).jpg	DKW-Werke, Zschopau, Saxony Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
Zwickau	File:Zwickau war monument (aka).jpg	Zwickau, Saxony Template:Coord				Template:Sfn
Zwodau	File:Svatava pomník ženského koncentračního tábora ve Svatavě srpen 2019 (3).jpg	Zwodau, Reichsgau Sudetenland (now Svatava, Czech Republic) Template:Coord				Template:Sfn

References

Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos

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Further reading

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