List of subcamps of Neuengamme
Template:Short description {{#invoke:Hatnote|hatnote}}{{#ifeq:||}}
Below is an incomplete list of SS subcamps of Neuengamme camp system operating from 1938 until 1945. The Neuengamme concentration camp established by the SS in Hamburg, Germany, became a massive Nazi concentration camp complex using prisoner forced labour for production purposes in World War II. Some 99 SS subcamps were part of the Neuengamme camp system,<ref name="kz-neuengamme-index">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> with up to 106,000 inmates.<ref name="USHMM" >{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The number of prisoners per location ranged from more than 5,000 to only a dozen at a work site. Beginning in 1942, inmates of Neuengamme were also transported to the camp Arbeitsdorf. "Toward the ends of the war three times more prisoners were in satellite camps than in the main camp" wrote Dr. Garbe of the Neuengamme Memorial Museum.<ref name="memorialbook"/> Several of the subcamps have memorials or plaques installed, but as of 2000, there was nothing at 28 locations.<ref name=memorialbook>Template:Citation Template:In lang</ref>
The inmates were forced to work under grueling conditions in various locations across northern Germany; often transported between subcamps and specific job sites. Due to subsequent demolition of the Neuengamme camp system by the SS in 1945 including its records, the historical work is difficult and still incomplete.<ref name=memorial>Template:Citation</ref> For example, in 1967, the German Federal Ministry of Justice suggested that the camp operated from 1 September 1938 until 5 May 1945 and became part of the Sachsenhausen in June 1940.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> The Neuengamme Memorial organization (German: KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme), an establishment of the Hamburg Ministry of Culture, Sports and Media, stated in 2008 that the empty camp was explored by British forces on 2 May 1945 and the last inmates were liberated in Flensburg on 10 May 1945.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, the camp was established on 13 December 1938 and liberated on 4 May 1945.<ref name="USHMM"/> Throughout World War II, millions of prisoners died in Nazi labour camps through mistreatment, disease, starvation and overwork, or were executed as unfit for labour. At Neuengamme, 1,700 people died each month in winter of 1944-1945, more than 50,000 in total.<ref name="USHMM" />
At the main camp
- Canalize of the Dove Elbe, a branch of the Elbe river: Elbekommando
- Klinkerwerk (brick factory) of the DEST
- Lagergärtnerei (camp plant nursery)
- Tongruben (clay cavities)
- Manufacturing plant of the Walther-Werke
- Armament factories of Messap and Jastram
In Hamburg
Subcamps and working locations in Hamburg proper sorted by name.
| Camp Name | Location | Type | Dates of use | Est. prisoners<ref name="memng">Memorial Neuengamme Template:In lang</ref> | Est. deaths<ref name="memng"/> | No.<ref name="number">Refers to the official German list Verzeichnis der Konzentrationslager und ihrer Außenkommandos gemäß § 42 Abs. 2 BEG Template:Webarchive Template:In lang</ref> |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blohm + Voss | Hamburg-Steinwerder | 1 July 1944 – 21 April 1945 | 550 | |||
| Bullenhuser Damm | Hamburg-Rothenburgsort | Men, Children | 1 October 1944 – 21 April 1945 | 1,000 | >20 | 552 |
Dessauer Ufer |
Hamburg-Veddel | Men |
– 22 April 1945 | 557 | ||
Dessauer Ufer |
Hamburg-Veddel | Women |
20 June 1944 – 30 September 1944 | 556 | ||
| Eidelstedt | 1 March 1944 – 1 May 1945 | 553 | ||||
| Finkenwerder, Deutsche Werft |
– 30 April 1945 | 554 | ||||
| Fuhlsbüttel | Am Hasenberge 26 | Prison | 1 January 1943 – 8 May 1945 | 556 | ||
| Howaldtswerke, Hamburg |
558 | |||||
| Langenhorn | 12 September 1944 – 4 April 1945 | ca 750 | > 9 | 559 | ||
| Neugraben | Women | 13 September 1944 – 8 February 1945 | 500 | 560 | ||
| Poppenbüttel | Working location for Sasel | 1161 | ||||
| Sasel | Women | 1 August 1944 – 4 May 1945 | 500 | > 36 | 561 | |
| Spaldingstraße | Hammerbrook | October 1944 – 17 April 1945 | 562 | |||
| Stülckenwerft | Steinwerder | – 15 April 1945 | 563 | |||
| Hamburg-Tiefstack | Women | 8 February 1945 – 5 April 1945 | 500 | 564 | ||
| Wandsbek | 2 May 1944 – 3 May 1945 | 565 | ||||
| Wilhelmsburg Jung-Ölindustrie |
566 |
Outside of Hamburg
Subcamps of Neuengamme in alphabetical order. Using the political division of Germany of the year 2000, there were at least 34 subcamps in Lower Saxony, 9 in Bremen, 9 in Schleswig-Holstein, 6 in North Rhine-Westphalia, 5 in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, 3 in Saxony-Anhalt, and 1 in Brandenburg.<ref name=memorialbook/> Also, four subcamps were located in Alderney, occupied Channel Islands, British Commonwealth.
| Camp Name | Location | Type | Dates of use<ref name="number"/> | Est. # of prisoners<ref name="memng"/> | Est. # of deaths<ref name="memng"/> | Related subject | No.<ref name="number"/> | Source<ref>The websites of the memorials are mostly in German.</ref> | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alderney camps or Camp Alderney | See SS–Baubrigade I | Lager Norderney & Lager Sylt | Jan 1942 - Jun 1944 | 6,000 | 700 | 6a | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> | |
| Alt Garge<ref name="memng"/> Alt-Garge a.d.Elbe<ref name="number"/> |
Near Bleckede | Later used as Alt-Garge UNRRA displaced persons camp, a camp for Latvian displaced persons |
24 August 1944 – 15 February 1945 | 15 | ||||||
| Aurich District Aurich |
21 October 1944 – 23 December 1944 | 2,000 | 188 | 51 | ||||||
| Bad Sassendorf | SS–Eisenbahnbaubrigade 11 | |||||||||
| Barkhausen | a part of Porta Westfalica | 18 March 1944 – 1 April 1945 | 77 | |||||||
| Blumenthal | See Bremen-Blumenthal | 142 | ||||||||
| Boizenburg (District Hagenow, Bezirk Schwerin (old)) |
– 30 April 1945 | 150 | ||||||||
| Braunschweig, Camp Büssing-Schillstrasse |
(Brunswiek) | Büssing–NAG | 17 August 1944 – 26 March 1945 | 800 | > 380 | 165 | [1] | |||
| Braunschweig, SS–Reitschule |
Brunswiek, SS – Riding school |
167 | ||||||||
| Braunschweig, Stahlwerke |
Brunswiek Steel factory |
See Watenstedt | 168 | |||||||
| Braunschweig, Truppenwirtschaft |
Brunswiek Military depot |
169 | ||||||||
| Bremen-Blumenthal Deschimag |
1 September 1944 – 20 April 1945 | 176 | ||||||||
| Bremen, Behelfswohnbau | Temporary housebuilding | – 26 April 1945 | 175 | |||||||
| Bremen, Borgwardwerke | Borgward factory | – 12 October 1944 | 176 | |||||||
| Bremen, Deschimag, Camp Schützenhof |
– 11 April 1945 | 178 | ||||||||
| Bremen-Farge | 1 July 1943 – 8 April 1945 | 179 | [2] [3] | |||||||
| Bremen-Neuenland | 16 Aug 1944 – 28 Nov 1944 | 181 | ||||||||
| Bremen-Obernheide | Women | 26 Sep 1944 – 4 Apr 1945 | 800 | 1085 | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> | ||||
| Bremen-Osterort | 28 Nov 1944 – | 1,000 | 183 | |||||||
| Bremen-Vegesack | – 30 Sep 1944 | 184 | ||||||||
| Darß - Wieck | January 1941 – end-February 1941<ref name="memng"/> | 50 | ||||||||
| Darß - Zingst, Germany | ||||||||||
| Template:Interlanguage link multi District Meppen |
Command from Meppen-Versen<ref name="memng"/> | – 25 March 1945 | 260 | |||||||
| Drütte Municipality Watenstedt-Salzgitter |
1 September 1942 – 8 April 1945 | 3,100 | 316 | [4] | ||||||
| Düssin / Mecklenburg | Men / agricultural work | 15 September 1944<ref name="memng"/> – 1 March 1945 | 80 | 1 | 328 | |||||
| Eisleben Command from Helmstedt-Beendorf |
Men | 346a | ||||||||
| Fallersleben Women camp |
Volkswagen<ref name="memng"/> | Aug 1944<ref name="memng"/> – 8 April 1945 | 650 | 387 | ||||||
| Fallersleben-Laagberg (also Laagberg) |
Volkswagen<ref name="memng"/> | 31 May 1944<ref name="memng"/> – 8 April 1945 | 800 | 794 | ||||||
| Glasau District Segeberg |
29 March 1945 – 2 May 1945 | 466 | ||||||||
| Goslar | SS–Bauleitung Goslar | (Not Goslar subcamp to Buchenwald) | 20 October 1944 – 25 March 1945 | 15 | 1 | 484 | ||||
| Gross-Hesepe District Meppen |
Command from Meppen-Versen<ref name="memng"/> | – 25 March 1945 | 504 | |||||||
| Hannover-Ahlem | 30 November 1944 – 11 April 1945 | 568 | ||||||||
| Hannover-Limmer | – 7 April 1945 | 570 | ||||||||
| Hannover-Linden | (Mülhenberg-Hannover) | – 7 April 1945 | 571 | |||||||
| Hannover-Misburg | Men | 26 June 1944<ref name="memng"/> – 7 April 1945 | 1,000 | 572 | ||||||
| Hannover-Stöcken Accumulatorenwerk |
19 July 1943 – 8 April 1945 | 573 | ||||||||
| Hannover-Stöcken Continental-Werke |
7 September 1944 – 30 November 1944 | 574 | ||||||||
| Hausberge an der Porta | a part of Porta Westfalica | 1 February 1945 – 1 April 1945 | 585 | |||||||
| Helmstedt–Beendorf | women underground armaments industry |
– 10 April 1945 | 2,500 | 596 | [5] | |||||
| Hildesheim | – 6 April 1945 | 608 | ||||||||
| Hohwacht | See Lütjenburg<ref name="memng"/> | |||||||||
| Horneburg | Philips-Valvo-Röhrenwerke<ref name="memng"/> | a) Mid-October 1944 – mid-February 1945<ref name="memng"/> b) 24 February 1945 – 8 April 1945<ref name="memng"/> – 31 March 1945 |
a) 250 b) 300 |
636 | ||||||
| Husum-Schwesing | 25 September 1944 – 22 December 1944 | 643 | [6] | |||||||
| Kaltenkirchen | Building a "Fliegerhorst" (Military airport)<ref name="memng"/> | August 1944<ref name="memng"/> – 17 April 1945 | 500 | > 214 | 693 | [7] | ||||
| Kiel | Clearing up work<ref name="memng"/> | July 1944 – September 1944<ref name="memng"/> | 50 | 727 | ||||||
| Ladelund | Near Flensburg | 1 November 1944 – 16 December 1944 | 2,000 | > 301 | 796 | [8] | ||||
| Langenhagen Province Hanover |
2 October 1944 – 15 April 1945 | 808 | ||||||||
| Lengerich District Tecklenburg |
– 1 April 1945 | 200 | > 7 | 838 | ||||||
| Lerbeck | a part of Porta Westfalica | 1 October 1944 – 1 April 1945 | 843 | |||||||
| Lübberstedt District Wesermünde |
Women | August 1944<ref name="memng"/> – 30 April 1945 | 500 | 883 | ||||||
| Lütjenburg | Men | – 30 March 1945 | 197 | 893 | ||||||
| Ludwigslust | See Wöbbelin | |||||||||
| Meppen-Versen | – 1 April 1945 | 927 | ||||||||
| Misburg | See Hannover-Misburg | 942 | ||||||||
| Mölln - Breitenfelde | 1 December 1944 – 30 April 1945 | 20 | 953 | |||||||
| Neesen District Minden |
Working location for Porta Westfalica | 1024 | ||||||||
| Neuhof | <ref name="horev"/><ref name="jelib"/> | |||||||||
| Neustadt in Holstein | December 1944 – 1 May 1945<ref name="memng"/> | 15 | 1049 | |||||||
| Nutzen | <ref name="horev"/><ref name="jelib"/> | |||||||||
| Porta Westfalica near Barkhausen-Lerbeck |
See Barkhausen and see Lerbeck | 1164 | ||||||||
| Salzgitter-Bad | 1 August 1943 – | 500 | 1278 | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> | |||||
| Salzwedel Province Saxony |
Women | 10 July 1944 – 15 April 1945 | 1,250 | 1282 | ||||||
| Sandbostel | 15 April 1945 – | Stalag X-B | 1285 | [9] | ||||||
| Schandelah District Braunschweig |
Now Cremlingen | 8 May 1944 – 12 April 1945 | 800 | 200 | 1292 | |||||
| Schwesing | See Husum-Schwesing | |||||||||
| Uelzen | Men | End 1944 – 17 April 1945 | 500 | 1491 | ||||||
| Vechelde, Braunschweig | Command from Braunschweig, Camp Büssing-Schillstrasse | September 1944 – March/April 1945<ref name="memng"/> | 400 | 1509 | ||||||
| Verden | 8 October 1945 – April 1945 | 8 | 1515 | |||||||
| Warberg District Helmstedt |
(from Braunschweig, Truppenwirtschaft) | 5 June 1944 – 8 January 1945<ref name="memng"/> | 8 | |||||||
| Watenstedt Salzgitter Watenstedt Leinde |
Stahlwerke Braunschweig Hermann-Göring-Werke |
Men | – 30 April 1945 (May 1944 – 7 April 1945<ref name="memng"/>) | 2,000<ref>Later 5,000 men (Ref: Memorial Neuengamme)</ref> | Salzgitter#History, 1300–1982 | 1540 | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> | ||
| Watenstedt Watenstedt Leinde |
Stahlwerke Braunschweig Hermann-Göring-Werke |
Women | 7 July 1944 – 30 April 1945 (– 7 April 1945<ref name="memng"/>) | 800 | Salzgitter#History, 1300–1982 | 1540 | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> | ||
| Wedel (Women) | 13 September 1944 – 27 November 1944 | 500 | 1541 | |||||||
| Wedel (Men) | 17 October 1944 – 20 November 1944 | 500 | > 27 | 1541 | ||||||
| Wilhelmshaven Alten Banter Weg |
(Not SS–Baubrigade II) | 17 September 1944 – 5 April 1945 | 1,200 | 234 | 1582 | |||||
| Wittenberge (Old: District Wittenberge) |
15 August 1942 (28 August 1942)<ref name="memng"/> – 17 February 1945 | 500 | 119 | 1587 | ||||||
| Wöbbelin District Ludwigslust |
(Also referred to as Ludwigslust) | 12 February 1945 – 2 May 1945 | Wöbbelin concentration camp | 1591 | ||||||
| Wolfsburg | See Fallersleben Arbeitsdorf (working village) | 1595 |
Construction labor brigades
Inmates of concentration camps were centralized in construction labor brigades (German:Baubrigaden), organized by the SS, to clean up after air raids, remove unexploded ordnance devices and bombs, or recover corpses. Some of the brigades worked also at the Friesenwall—part of the Atlantic Wall at the German North Sea coast—and fortifications in German cities e.g. antitank obstacles. Other brigades were placing or repairing rails or railway stations.
| Brigade<ref name="memng"/> | Locations<ref name="memng"/> | Dates of use<ref name="memng"/> | Est. prisoners<ref name="memng"/> | Est. deaths<ref name="memng"/> | Webpage | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SS-Baubrigade I | Alderney | Building the Lager Sylt | 12 March 1943 – | 1,000 | 100 | [10] |
| SS-Baubrigade II | Bremen | Clearing up after air raids | 12 October 1942 – 15 April 1944 | 750 | ||
| SS-Baubrigade II | Osnabrück | Clearing up after air raids | 17 October 1942 – May 1943 | 250 | 86 | |
| SS-Baubrigade II | Wilhelmshaven | Clearing up after air raids | Spring 1943 – November 1943 | 175 | ||
| SS-Baubrigade II | Hamburg-Hammerbrook | Clearing up after air raids | 7 August 1943 – April 1944 | 930 | ||
| SS-Baubrigade II | Lüneburg-Kaland | Digging anti-tank obstacles | 12 August 1943 – 13 November 1943 | 155 | ||
| SS-Eisenbahnbaubrigade 11 (Railway building unit) |
Bad Sassendorf near Soest | Building rail tracks after air raids | 15 February 1945 – 4/5 April 1945 |
Further names
Names found in some lists, probably mistake in writing or double-listings:
| Name | See | No.<ref name="number"/> | Found | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Altgarge Altgarga |
Probably mistake in writing | See Alt Garge | <ref name="horev">Holocaust Revealed Template:Webarchive</ref><ref name="jelib">Concentration Camp Listing</ref> | |
| Arbeitsdorf | Autonomous concentration camp | Volkswagen<ref name="memng"/> | 29 | |
| Aumund | Probably double-listing | See Bremen-Vegesack<ref name="memng"/> | No ref | <ref name="horev"/><ref name="jelib"/> |
| SS-Baubrigade 1 SS-Baubrigade 2 |
Probably double-listing: Roman number I = 1, II = 2 |
See SS-Baubrigade I or II | ||
| Baubrigade V - West | No ref | |||
| Barskamp | No ref | <ref name="horev"/><ref name="jelib"/> | ||
| Bergstedt | No ref | <ref name="horev"/><ref name="jelib"/> | ||
| Borkum | Probably meaning Lager Borkum | Nazi name for a camp on Alderney (see there) | ||
| Osterort | Probably double-listing | See Bremen-Osterort | ||
| Bremen-Weser | No ref | <ref name="horev"/><ref name="jelib"/> | ||
| Brink-Hannover | No ref | <ref name="horev"/><ref name="jelib"/> | ||
| Ebensee (subcamp to Mauthausen) |
Some prisoners from SS-Eisenbahn-Baubrigade 11 were deported to<ref name="memng"/> | 334 | ||
| Engerhafe | Double-listing | See Aurich<ref name="memng"/> | ||
| Fidelstedt | Probably mistake in writing |
See Hamburg-Eidelstedt | No ref | <ref name="horev"/><ref name="jelib"/> |
| Fliegerhorst | Translation for military airport | Probably Kaltenkirchen | No ref | |
| Fludwigslust | Probably mistake in writing probably double-listing |
See Ludwigslust see: Wöbbelin | No ref | <ref name="horev"/><ref name="jelib"/> |
| Glassau bei Sarau | Probably mistake in writing | See Glasau | <ref name="horev"/><ref name="jelib"/> | |
| Gross-Fullen | (Village to Meppen) | No ref | <ref name="horev"/><ref name="jelib"/> | |
| Helgoland | Probably meaning Lager Helgoland | Nazi name for a camp on Alderney (see there) | ||
| Ibbenbüren | No ref | |||
| Laasberg | Probably mistake in writing | See Fallersleben-Laagberg | No ref | <ref name="horev"/><ref name="jelib"/> |
| Norderney | Probably meaning Lager Norderney | Nazi name for a camp on Alderney (see there) | ||
| Minden | Maybe Neesen, district Minden | No ref | <ref name="horev"/><ref name="jelib"/> | |
| Ohldorf | Maybe Cemetery Ohlsdorf in Hamburg working location for SS-Baubrigade II |
No ref | <ref name="horev"/><ref name="jelib"/> | |
| Peenemünde | or Karlshagen | Subcamp to Ravensbrück | 699 | |
| Schützenhof or Schützenhof-Bremen |
See Bremen, Deschimag, Camp Schützenhof | <ref name="horev"/><ref name="jelib"/> | ||
| Sollstadt | <ref name="horev"/><ref name="jelib"/> | |||
| Stöcken-Hannover | See Hannover-Stöcken | 1409 | ||
| Steinwerder | (Quarter of Hamburg) | 2 camps, see above | <ref name="horev"/><ref name="jelib"/> | |
| Stuklenwert | Probably mistake in writing | See Stülckenwerft in Hamburg | No ref | <ref name="horev"/><ref name="jelib"/> |
| Sylt | Probably meaning Lager Sylt | Nazi name for a camp on Alderney (see there) | ||
| Veerssen | Probably mistake in writing | See Meppen-Versen | <ref name="horev"/><ref name="jelib"/> | |
| Veleen | <ref name="horev"/><ref name="jelib"/> |