List of subcultures

Template:Short description This is a list of subcultures. Template:Compact TOC Template:Div colTemplate:Div col end

A

• Anarcho-punk<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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B

• Ball culture<ref name="Hughes-2001">Template:Cite book</ref>
• B-boys and b-girls<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• BDSM<ref>BDSM sources:
• Template:Cite journal
• Template:Cite book</ref>
• Beat Generation and beatniks<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Bikers, see motorcycle clubs and outlaw motorcycle clubs<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• • Bōsōzoku<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Bikini boys<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Bills<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Biopunk<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Birdwatching<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Bobby soxers<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Bodybuilding<ref>Sources for Boispedink: Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite journal
• Template:Cite book</ref>
• Bro<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Brony fandom<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Bodgies & Widgies<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Bogan<ref name="Griffith">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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C

• Casuals<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• Chonga<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Cosplayers<ref name="gagne">Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Crust punks<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Cryptozoology<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Cyberpunk<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Cybergoth<ref>^{{{#if:bell 2001|bell 2001|[1]}}}, pages 101-102, 154-184</ref>
• Cholos & Cholas<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Chavs<ref name="Kovačević, 2018" />

D

• Dark culture<ref>Arvid Dittmann · Artificial Tribes · Page 147 · 2001 · Template:ISBN</ref>
• Dark academia<ref name="initial NYTimes">Template:Cite news</ref>
• Deadhead<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Deaf culture<ref>Sources:
• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book</ref>
• Decora<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Demoscene<ref>Sources:
• Template:Cite book
• {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Dizelaši<ref name="Kovačević, 2018">Template:Cite book</ref>
• Drag<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Dresiarz<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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E

• E-kids<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Emo<ref>Sources for emo subculture:
• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite journal
• Template:Cite news
• Template:Cite news
• Template:Cite journal

Template:Cite journal</ref>

• Eshay<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

F

• Fandom<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Flappers<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Flat Earth Society<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
• Freak scene<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Furry fandom<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• Frikis<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

G

• Gabber<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Glam rock<ref>Sources for glam:
• Template:Cite journal
• Template:Cite journal
• Template:Cite book
• ^{{{#if:Goodlad|Goodlad|[2]}}}, pages: 6 Template:Webarchive, 19-20 Template:Webarchive, 34-35 Template:Webarchive, 66 Template:Webarchive, 78 Template:Webarchive, 92 Template:Webarchive, 259 Template:Webarchive</ref>
• Glam metal<ref name=AllmusicHairMetal>"Hair metal", AllMusic. Retrieved November 2014.</ref>
• Gopnik<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Goth subculture<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Graffiti writers<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Greaser<ref name="ken_gelder_greaser">^{{{#if:Ken Gelder|Ken Gelder|[3]}}} pages 91 Template:Webarchive, from chapter "Subcultural conflict" by Phil Cohen</ref>
• Grebo<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Grunge<ref name=marin>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Guido<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Gutter punk<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Gyaru<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

H

• Hacker<ref>Sources:
• ^{{{#if:bell 2001|bell 2001|[4]}}},pages 179-185
• Template:Cite book</ref>
• Halbstarke<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Hardcore punk<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Hardline<ref name="Santos, 2014" />
• Heavy metal subculture<ref name="heavy metal">Sources:Template:Cite journal^{{{#if:Epstein|Epstein|[5]}}}, pages viii, 13, 265

</ref>

• Hip hop (culture),<ref name="Kovačević, 2018" />
• Hippie<ref>^{{{#if:Ken Gelder|Ken Gelder|[6]}}} pages:
• 23 chapter "Introduction to part one, by Ken Gelder
• 91 from chapter "Subcultural conflict" by Phil Cohen
• 106, 110-111 from chapter "Girls and subcultures (1977)" by Angela McRobbie and Jenny Garber;
• 127 from chapter "The meaning of style" by Dick Hebdige
• 136-137 from chapter "Second-hand dresses and the role of the ragmarket (1989)" by Angela McRobbie
• 304 from chapter "Black hair/style politics" by Kobena Mercer</ref>
• Hipster – 1940s subculture<ref name="TimeJ" />
• Hipster – contemporary subculture<ref name="TimeJ">Template:Cite news</ref>
• Hobo<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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I

• Incroyables and merveilleuses<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• Indie<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Industrial<ref>^{{{#if:Goodlad|Goodlad|[7]}}}, page 68-71 Template:Webarchive</ref>

J

• Jampec<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Janeites<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
• Juggalo<ref>Sources:
• Template:Cite journal
• Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Juggling<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• Jirai Kei<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

L

• Lad culture<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• La Sape<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Leather subculture<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• Live Action Role-Players (LARPers)<ref name="Leppalahti2004">Template:Cite book</ref>
• Losties<ref name="ABCpress20050512">Template:Cite press release</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• Lolita<ref name="gagne" /><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

M

• Mall goth<ref name="Dazed">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Mangas<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Manguebeat<ref name="manguebeat">Template:Cite book</ref>
• Metalcore<ref name="Fashioncore Definitions and Connotations">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Military brat<ref name="morton">Ender, Morton, "Military Brats and Other Global Nomads", March 2002, Greenwood Publishing Group, Template:ISBN, Template:ISBN</ref>
• Mod<ref name="ken_gelder_mod">^{{{#if:Ken Gelder|Ken Gelder|[8]}}}
• 84 Template:Webarchive, 91 Template:Webarchive, from chapter "Subcultural conflict" by Phil Cohen;
• 94 Template:Webarchive, 101 Template:Webarchive, from chapter "Cultures, subcultures and class", by John Clarke et al.</ref>

N

• New Romantic<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• New Age travellers<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Nudism/Naturism<ref>Sources for nudism:Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book Pages: 179 Template:Webarchive 194-196</ref>

O

• Otaku<ref>^{{{#if:Ken Gelder|Ken Gelder|[9]}}} pages: 516, 550</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Otherkin<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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P

• Pachuco<ref>Pachuco sources:
• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book
• ^{{{#if:Ken Gelder|Ken Gelder|[10]}}} page: 309 from chapter: Black hair/style politics by Kobena Mercer</ref>
• Paninaro<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Pintos and pintas<ref name=":1">Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Pokemón<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Potápky
• Preppy,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Psychedelia<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and psychonauts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Punk subculture<ref>^{{{#if:Ken Gelder|Ken Gelder|[11]}}} pages:
• 84 from chapter "Introduction to part two" by Ken Gelder
• 121-124, 127-128 Template:Webarchive from chapter 10 "The meaning of style" by Dick Hebdige
• 138 from chapter "Second-hand dresses and the role of the ragmarket (1989)" by Angela McRobbie</ref>

R

• Raggare<ref>Jalopnik: Your Guide To Europe's Weirdest Car Culture: Raggare</ref>
• Railfan<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Kisor, p. 5.</ref>
  • Densha Otaku<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• • Trainspotters<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Rave<ref>Sources:
• ^{{{#if:Ken Gelder|Ken Gelder|[12]}}}
  • chapter "The social logic of subcultural capital" by Sarah Thorton, page 192
  • chapter "Moments of Ecstasy: oceanic and ecstatic moments in clubbing [1999]" by Ben Malbon, page 496 Template:Webarchive
  • chapter "Amateur manga subculture and the Otaku incident [2000]" by Sharon Kinsella, page 543
• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book</ref>
• Riot grrrl<ref>Sources:
• ^{{{#if:Goodlad|Goodlad|[13]}}}, page 67
• ^{{{#if:Epstein|Epstein|[14]}}} 148-183 Chapter "'Don't need you': Rethinking identity politics and separatism from a grrrl perspective, by Mary Celeste Kearney
• ^{{{#if:Muggleton|Muggleton|[15]}}}, 253-256

</ref>

• Rivethead<ref name="Santos, 2014">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Rockabilly<ref name="muggleton 721">^{{{#if:Muggleton|Muggleton|[16]}}}, pages 721,728 Template:Webarchive</ref>
• Rocker<ref>^{{{#if:Ken Gelder|Ken Gelder|[17]}}} pages:
• 94, 109-110 from chapter "Girls and subcultures (1977)" by Angela McRobbie and Jenny Garber
• 295 from chapter 27 "Posing... threats, striking... poses. Youth, surveillance and display (1983)" by Dick Hebdige

</ref>

• Role-playing gamers<ref>Sources:
• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book</ref>
• Rude boy<ref name="muggleton 721" /><ref>Sources:
• ^{{{#if:Epstein|Epstein|[18]}}}, page 100
• ^{{{#if:Ken Gelder|Ken Gelder|[19]}}} pages 103 from chapter "Cultures, subcultures and class", by John Clarke et al. (rudies = rude boys)

</ref>

S

• Scene<ref name="PopMatters">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Scooterboy<ref>^{{{#if:Ken Gelder|Ken Gelder|[20]}}} pages:
• 90, from chapter "Subcultural conflict" by Phil Cohen
• 131 Template:Webarchive from chapter 10 "The meaning of style" by Dick Hebdige</ref>
• Scouting<ref>Sources for Scouting:
• Template:Cite book</ref>
• Seapunk<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Sharpies<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• Skater<ref>[Penguin Dictionary of Sociology 2006 p.384]</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Skinhead<ref name="skinhead">^{{{#if:Ken Gelder|Ken Gelder|[21]}}} pages:
• 294, from chapter 27 "Posing... threats, striking... poses. Youth, surveillance and display (1983)" by Dick Hebdige
• 339, from chapter "Tattoo enthusiasts. Subculture or figuration? (2003)" by Michael Atkinson
• 370-381, from chapter "Real men, phallicism and fascism (1996)" by Murray Healy
• 471, chapter "Communities and scenes in popular music (1991)" by Will Straw

</ref>

• • Gay skinhead,<ref name="skinhead" />
  • Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice<ref name=":0">Template:Cite journal</ref>
    • Redskin<ref name="BronnerClark2016">Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Suedehead<ref name="skinhead_times">Template:Cite magazine</ref>
  • Trojan skinhead<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• • White power skinhead<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Soulboy<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Steampunk<ref>Sources for steampunk:
• Template:Cite news
• Template:Cite news
• Template:Cite journal
• Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Stilyaga<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Straight edge<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Surf<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Swingjugend

T

• Teenybopper<ref>Sources:
• ^{{{#if:Ken Gelder|Ken Gelder|[22]}}} pages:
  • 84 from chapter "Introduction to part two" by Ken Gelder
  • 111-112 from chapter "Girls and subcultures (1977)" by Angela McRobbie and Jenny Garber
• Template:Cite book</ref>
• Teddy Boy<ref>^{{{#if:Ken Gelder|Ken Gelder|[23]}}} pages:
• 98, 101, 102 from chapter "Cultures, subcultures and class", by John Clarke et al.
• 105, 107 from chapter "Girls and subcultures (1977)" by Angela McRobbie and Jenny Garber
• 126 from chapter 10 "The meaning of style" by Dick Hebdige
• 161-162 from chapter "Symbols of trouble" by Stanley Cohen
• 273 from chapter "Introduction to part five" by Ken Gelder
• 284-287 from chapter "Fashion and revolt (1963)" by T.R. Fyvel
• 309 from chapter "Black hair/style politics" by Kobena Mercer
• 367 Template:Webarchive, 372 from chapter "Real men, phallicism and fascism (1996)" by Murray Healy</ref>
• Tombakowa młodzież<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Trekkie<ref>Trekkie sources:
• {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}

• ^{{{#if:bell 2001|bell 2001|[24]}}} page 167–169
• Template:Cite journal</ref>

V

• Visual kei<ref name="timeout">Template:Cite news</ref>

W

• Warez scene<ref>Ordered Misbehavior – The Structuring of an Illegal Endeavor Template:Webarchive by Alf Rehn. A study of the illegal subculture known as the "warez scene".</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Z

• Zazou<ref>Zazou sources:
• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book</ref>

See also

• History of modern Western subcultures
• Outline of culture
• List of fandom names
• Youth subculture

References

• Template:Cite book
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