List of villages depopulated during the Arab–Israeli conflict

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Below is a list of villages depopulated or destroyed during the Arab–Israeli conflict.

1880–1946

Arab villages

A number of these villages, those in the Jezreel Valley, were inhabited by tenants of land which was sold by a variety of owners, some local and others absentee landlord families, such as the Karkabi, Tueini, Farah and Khuri families and Sursock family of Lebanon. In some cases land was sold directly by local fellahim (peasant owners).<ref name="Verso">Said and Hitchens, 2001, p. 217; notes 28, 29, on p. 232</ref> The sale of land to Jewish organizations meant that tenant farmers were displaced.<ref>Kenneth W. Stein, The Land Question in Palestine, 1917–1939, UNC Press Books, 1987 p.60. The Sursocks sold Jinujar, Tall al-Adas, Jabata, Khuneifis, Jeida, Harbaj, Harithiya, Affula, Shuna, Jidru, Majdal.</ref><ref>Barbara Jean Smith, The Roots of Separatism in Palestine: British Economic Policy, 1920–1929, Syracuse University Press, 1993 pp.96–97;</ref><ref>Mark A. Tessler, A History of the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict, Indiana University Press, 1994 p.177, writes 'The Sursock deal is known to have involved the eviction of about 8000 tenants "compensated" at three pounds ten shillings [about $17] a head.'</ref><ref>Huneidi and Khalidi, 2001, p. 223</ref><ref>Palestine Commission on the Disturbances of August 1929, H.M.S.O., 1930, vol.1 p.437:'The Sursock titles should have been looked into as was acknowledged by the government officials themselves.The transfer became an irregular one, if not an illegal one, because the peasants' claims were not satisfied.'</ref><ref>Henry Laurens, La Question de Palestine, vol.2 (Une mission sacrée de civilisation), Fayard, Paris, 2002 pp.143–148.</ref>

List of Palestinian villages from which tenant farmers were uprooted before 1948, with the cause of the uprooting (i.e., sale by landlord or some other cause) given along with the name of Jewish settlements on newly acquired land (in parentheses) can be seen below.

Template:Col-begin Template:Col-3 Safed district

Acre district

Tiberias district

  • Um al-Junah, unknown date (Degania Bet)<ref name=Karmon167>Karmon, 1960, p. 167</ref>
  • Malhamiyah, 1902 According to Edward Said, the Jewish farming village of Menahemia) was established in 1902 on land purchased by the Jewish Colonization Association in 1901; 3,000 dunams were purchased directly from local fellahim, 700 dunhams from local landlords, and over 60,000 dunams from landlords in Beirut; the Sursuq, Tuenis, and Mudawwar families. The Arab tenant farmers were evicted by Ottoman authorities.<ref name="Verso"/>
  • Sha’arah, beginning of the 20th century (Omer Sha’ara, today Shadmot Dvora)Template:Citation needed
  • Sarona, 1910 (Sharona)
  • Sarjuna, unknown date (Shorshim, today HaZor'im)Template:Citation needed
  • Yammah, 1901 (Yavniel)<ref name=Karmon167/>

Nazareth district

  • Jabata, 1926 (Gvat)<ref name=Dayan>Moshe Dayan, cited in Rogan and Shlaim, 2001, p. 207</ref>
  • Khunaifis, 1926 (Sarid)<ref name=Dayan/>
  • Ganigar, Jinjar, Jenjar, Junjar, 1922, Ginegar,<ref>Grootkerk, 2000, pp. 280-1</ref>
  • Rab an-Nasrah, unknown date (Mazra)Template:Citation needed
  • Tal al-’Adas, unknown date (Tel Adashim)<ref>Stein, 1987, p. 60</ref>
  • al-'Afoulah, 1925 (Afula)
  • al-Foulah, 1910 (Merhavia)
  • Mashah, 1902 (Kfar Tavor)<ref name=Karmon167/>
  • Samouniyah, unknown date (Shimron nature reserve, Timrat)<ref>Karmon, 1960, p. 163</ref>
  • Umm Kubei, unknown date<ref name=KhalidiXIX>Khalidi, 1992, p. xix</ref>

Beisan district

Haifa district

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Tulkarm district

  • Shaikh Muhammad, unknown date (Elyashiv)

Jerusalem district

Ramla district

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Jewish villages

1929 Palestine riots

During the 1929 Palestine riots: Template:Col-begin Template:Col-3

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1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine

During the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine:

1948 Arab–Israeli War

Arab villages

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Palestinian Arab residents were expelled from hundreds of towns and villages by the Israel Defense Forces, or fled in fear as the Israeli army advanced.Template:Citation needed Around 400 Arab towns and villages were depopulated.

Jewish villages

The main Jewish areas depopulated in 1948 were the Jewish Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem and the Gush Etzion. Approximately 30–40 km2 of land was owned by Jews in the areas which became the West Bank and Gaza Strip (approximately 6,000 km2); some of this land was uninhabited.<ref>Eyal Benvenisti and Eyal Zamir. “Private Claims to Property Rights in the Future Israeli-Palestinian Settlement” The American Journal of International Law, vol. 89, no. 2, 1995, pp. 298: "All in all, between thirty and forty square kilometers of land and several hundred buildings (primarily in the West Bank) owned by Israelis were located in the territories occupied by Jordan and Egypt. [Footnote: Some of the Jewish-owned lands in these areas were not inhabited, but most were. Some of the inhabitants had been forced to leave their property during the turbulence of the 1920s and 1930s, and most of them (several thousand, mainly from the Jewish quarter of Jerusalem and the Gush Etzion settlements south of Jerusalem) were displaced in the 1948 war. Yet, unlike the Palestinian refugees, these Jewish refugees were rehabilitated and resettled with the help of the Israeli authorities, which prevented the creation of a permanent problem.]"</ref>

In areas that became the West Bank
In areas that became Gaza Strip (All-Palestine protectorate)
In Transjordan

Many of these areas were repopulated after the Six-Day War.

Six-Day War

West Bank

Three Arab villages, Bayt Nuba, Imwas and Yalo, located in the Latrun Corridor were destroyed on the orders of Yitzhak Rabin due to the corridor's strategic location and route to Jerusalem and because of the residents' alleged aiding of Egyptian commandos in their attack on the city of Lod. The residents of the three villages were offered compensation but were not allowed to return.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Hebron/Bethlehem area<ref name="UN Doc">UN Doc A/8389 Template:Webarchive of 5 October 1971</ref>

Jordan Valley<ref name="UN Doc"/>

Jerusalem area<ref name="UN Doc"/>

In the Negev/Sinai Desert

Golan Heights

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Over 100,000 Golan Heights residents were evacuated from about 25 villages whether on orders of the Syrian government or through fear of an attack by the Israeli Defense Forces and expulsion after the ceasefire.<ref>Report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Population of the Occupied Territories Template:Webarchive (UN Doc A/8089) 5 October 1970</ref> During the following months, more than a hundred Syrian villages were destroyed by Israel.<ref name=shai>"The Fate of Abandoned Arab Villages, 1965–1969" by Aron Shai (History & Memory - Volume 18, Number 2, Fall/Winter 2006, pp. 86–106)</ref>

1979 Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty

Israeli settlements

Israeli settlements in the Sinai Peninsula were evacuated as a result of the 1979 Egypt–Israel peace treaty.

Israel's unilateral disengagement plan

As a part of Israel's unilateral disengagement plan, 21 civilian Israeli settlements were forcibly evacuated, as well as an area in the northern West Bank containing four Israeli villages. The residential buildings were razed by Israel but public structures were left intact. The religious structures not removed by Israel were later destroyed by Palestinians.

Israeli settlements

In the Gaza Strip (all 21 settlements, as well as 1 Bedouin village):
In the West Bank (4 settlements):

Since 2005

On 5 November 2020, Israeli bulldozers demolished most of the village of Khirbet Humsa al-Fawqa and forced 73 of its Palestinian residents, including 41 children to leave in what was the largest demolition in years.<ref>Israel demolishes most of Palestinian Bedouin village in West Bank 5 November 2020 www.abc.net.au accessed 18 April 2021</ref> On 4 February 2021, Israel razed for the second time because of what it claimed was an illegal settlement next to a military firing range.<ref>Israel begins razing Palestinian Bedouin village for second time 4 February 2021 www.nbc.com accessed 18 April 2021</ref> On 7 July 2021, it was demolished by Israel again for at least the third time.<ref>Israel again tears down contested Palestinian hamlet in Jordan Valley 7 July 2021 www.timesofisrael.com accessed 14 July 2021</ref>

In May 2023, the Israeli army destroyed the village of Ein Samiya, forcibly expelling 170 people.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

See also

References

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Bibliography

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Template:Palestinian Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestine War Template:Jewish villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestine war Template:Arab-Israeli Conflict

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