Lizard (album)

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Lizard is the third studio album by British progressive rock band King Crimson, released on 11 December 1970 by Island Records in the UK,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and in January 1971 by Atlantic Records in the United States and Canada. It was the second consecutive King Crimson album recorded by transitional line-ups of the group that did not perform live, following In the Wake of Poseidon. This is the last of two albums by the band to feature Gordon Haskell (and the only one where he was both the lead singer and the bass guitarist as he only sang one song on the previous album) and the band's only album to feature drummer Andy McCulloch.

Background and production

Haskell was previously a classmate of Robert Fripp at Queen Elizabeth's grammar school in Wimborne near Bournemouth, the pair having subsequently played together in the local band The League of Gentlemen. Haskell later contributed vocals to the King Crimson track "Cadence and Cascade" on In the Wake of Poseidon, after Greg Lake left the band to join Emerson, Lake & Palmer. Fripp asked Haskell to become an official member of King Crimson for the recording of Lizard. Another In the Wake of Poseidon musician, saxophonist/flautist Mel Collins, was also asked to continue with the band. New member Andy McCulloch replaced Michael Giles on drums. The group was then augmented with session musicians, including another In the Wake of Poseidon alumnus, the noted jazz pianist Keith Tippett, together with Yes vocalist Jon Anderson, and brass/woodwind players Robin Miller, Mark Charig, and Nick Evans. Template:Quote box Haskell and McCulloch had an unhappy experience recording Lizard, finding it difficult to connect with the material, especially Haskell as a devotee of soul and Motown music. In later years, Haskell charged that Fripp "bullied us all"—even pushing McCulloch to the point of tears—and summarized his experience in the band as "24 hours of listening to bullshit hailed as 'art'".<ref name="terrascope"/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> During rehearsals for a prospective tour following the album's completion, Haskell left King Crimson. He sought legal redress for the next 19 years because he believed he had been cheated out of royalties owed him for the album.Template:Citation needed Shortly after Haskell left the group, McCulloch did likewise. The press release drafted by Sinfield to promote Lizard wryly quoted Max Ehrmann's poem "Desiderata", which contains advice on how to chart a true course through confusion.

Collins, on the other hand, remained in King Crimson with Fripp and Sinfield for the recording of the group's next album, Islands. Haskell was replaced with Boz Burrell on bass guitar and vocals, while McCulloch was replaced with his sometime housemate Ian Wallace. The Islands line-up of the group would finally give some of the Lizard material a live airing, with "Cirkus" and "Lady of the Dancing Water" becoming part of King Crimson's touring repertoire. "Cirkus" would also later become part of the touring repertoire of the 21st Century Schizoid Band, whose members included Mel Collins and Jakko Jakszyk.

In 2016, for the band's biggest European tour since 1974, "Cirkus" was included in the repertoire, as well as "Dawn Song", which is part of the "Lizard" suite and was played live for the first time ever. For the 2017 North American tour, "Dawn Song" was expanded to the entire "Battle of Glass Tears" section (adding "Last Skirmish" and "Prince Rupert's Lament", neither of which had ever been performed live). The "Bolero" section was added to the live repertoire for the band's 2018 European tour.

Album cover

LizardTemplate:-'s outside cover art is by Gini Barris, who was commissioned to produce it by Peter Sinfield. The inside cover consists of the song lyrics and credits printed over a marbled pattern, credited to Koraz Wallpapers, a company run by Barris' boyfriend at the time.<ref name=Romano>Template:Cite book</ref>

The album's outside cover consists of the words 'King Crimson' spelled out in ornate medieval illuminated or historiated lettering, the word 'King' on the back cover and the word 'Crimson' on the front cover, with each letter incorporating one or two discrete images. These images in turn represent Sinfield's lyrics from the album – the images in the word 'King' representing the lyrics of the various sections and subsections of track 5, "Lizard"; while the images in the word 'Crimson' represent the lyrics of tracks 1–4. Whereas the images representing "Lizard" are medieval in content – depicting Prince Rupert, his environs (including a peacock), and the Battle of Glass Tears – the images representing the other four tracks juxtapose medieval and contemporary scenes. The image around the letter 'i' in 'Crimson', for example, depicts the Beatles, corresponding with their pseudonymous appearance in the lyrics to "Happy Family". Around the "n" on the front cover, there is a depiction of children's comic character Rupert the Bear piloting a yellow aeroplane. Another notable feature below the letter "n" depicts a trio of Peter Gabriel (then the lead singer for Genesis), Ginger Baker (ex-drummer from the power trio Cream), and Jimi Hendrix.

In his book Prog Rock FAQ, Will Romano called Barris' work "one of the era's most beautifully strange pieces of album cover artwork".<ref name=Romano/> In an interview with Romano, Barris said that Lizard was "one of my first jobs" since studying graphics at the Central School of Art and Design in London. She contacted Sinfield after hearing he needed an artist to produce a cover for Lizard. When she suggested creating medieval miniatures, a passion of hers, Sinfield "went for it" and commissioned her to do the job.<ref name=Romano/> Barris recalled that she did not hear the music until after the album's release, but worked from the lyrics Sinfield had given her. She cited the Lindisfarne Gospel and Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry illuminated manuscripts as inspiration for her work.<ref name=Romano/>

Release

Released on 11 December 1970 by Island Records (catalog no. ILPS 9141), Lizard reached number 29 in the UK Albums Chart.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The album was released in the United States and Canada by Atlantic Records in January 1971 (catalog no. SD 8278), where it would reach number 113 in Billboard.<ref>Both Sides Now Publications, Atlantic Album Discography, Part 5 – 8000 Series (1968–1972) – SD-8198 to SD-8305, http://bsnpubs.com/atlantic/atlantic81988305.html. Retrieved 29 August 2018.</ref> Lizard was released by Atlantic at the same time as two other albums on the label featuring ex-King Crimson members: Emerson, Lake & Palmer's debut album (featuring Greg Lake), and the lone release by Ian McDonald and Michael Giles.

The album had CD releases in 1989 and 2001, each newly remastered by Fripp at the time. The newest version was released in October 2009, containing a 5.1 Surround Sound mix on DVD-Audio, created by British musician and producer Steven Wilson in collaboration with Fripp, as well as a new stereo mix based on the surround one.

Reception

Since the album's sound is more jazz-inflected than much of the band's other work and many of its tracks idiosyncratic and experimental in nature, responses towards the album have been varied since its release. Music critic Robert Christgau rated the album a B−, saying that the "jazziness" of the album projected a "certain cerebral majesty" but criticized Peter Sinfield's lyrics, qualifying them as "overwrought".<ref name="CG"/>

In his retrospective review, AllMusic's Dave Lynch described it as, "Seamlessly blending rock, jazz, and classical in a way that few albums have successfully achieved, Lizard is epic, intimate, cacophonic, and subtle by turn – and infused with the dark moods first heard when "21st Century Schizoid Man" and "Epitaph" reached listeners' ears the previous year."<ref name="AllMusic"/> Classic Rock reviewer described Lizard as "a decidedly Miles Davis-influenced hodgepodge of classical and jazz influences brought to their logical, near-chaotic end" and defined its music "mind-bending, unclassifiable creative stuff."<ref name="classic"/>

Robert Fripp has been very critical of the album since its release, calling it "unlistenable" and lovers of it as "very strange".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> However, he revised his opinion upon listening to Steven Wilson's surround-sound mix of the album for the 40th anniversary reissue, proclaiming, "For the first time I have heard the Music in the music."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2011, PopMatters listed the title track at #13 in their list "The 25 Best Progressive Rock Songs of All Time."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Track listing

All music written by Robert Fripp; all lyrics written by Peter Sinfield.

Personnel

King Crimson

• Robert Fripp – electric guitar, acoustic guitar Template:Small, Mellotron Template:Small, Hohner Pianet Template:Small, Hammond organ Template:Small, VCS3 Template:Small, devices, production
• Mel Collins – saxophone, flute
• Gordon Haskell – bass guitar, vocals
• Andy McCulloch – drums
• Peter Sinfield – lyrics, VCS3 Template:Small, sleeve conception, production

Additional musicians

• Keith Tippett – acoustic and electric pianos
• Robin Miller – oboe, English horn
• Mark Charig – cornet
• Nick Evans – trombone
• Jon Anderson – vocals Template:Small

Production personnel

• Robin Thompson – recording engineer
• Geoff Workman – tapes
• Gini Barris – outside painting
• Koraz Wallpapers – inside marbling
• C.C.S. – typography

Charts

Template:Album chartTemplate:Album chartTemplate:Album chart

Chart (1970–71)	Peak position
Australian Albums (Kent Music Report)<ref name=aus>Template:Cite book</ref>	19

External links

• Template:Discogs master
• Lizard on Elephant Talk, including lyrics
• Analysis of Lizard by Jon Green, creator of the Promenade the Puzzle: The Poetic Vision of Peter Sinfield website
• Analysis of "Cirkus" and "Lizard" part 4 ("Big Top") by composer Andrew Keeling
• King Crimson official website