Louis Keller

Template:Infobox person Louis Keller (February 27, 1857 – February 16, 1922) was an American publisher, social arbiter of high society, and golf club owner. He was the founder of Baltusrol Golf Club in New Jersey and the first publisher of the Social Register.

Biography

Early life

Louis Keller was born on February 27, 1857, in New York City.<ref name="baltusrol">Dick Brown, Louis Keller, Founder: Baltusrol’s Founding Father Template:Webarchive, Baltusrol Golf Club</ref><ref name="orlando">David O'Reilly, 'Social Register': A Century At The Summit, Orlando Sentinel, January 26, 1987</ref> His grandfather was from Switzerland.<ref name="baltusrol"/> His French-born father, Charles M. Keller, was a lawyer who drafted the Patent Act of 1836 and served the first Commissioner of Patents.<ref name="baltusrol"/><ref name="nytribune">'Louis Keller Is Dead', The New York Tribune, February 17, 1922</ref> His French-born mother, Heloise de Chazournes, came from an aristocratic Catholic family who was prominent in New York society.<ref name="baltusrol"/> They lived in an apartment at 128 Madison Avenue, where Louis grew up.<ref name="baltusrol"/><ref name="nytribune"/> They were not part of the New York elite because they were Catholic, not Protestant, nor were they long established in the United States.<ref name="baltusrol"/> His father, who died when Louis was seventeen years old, had a dairy farm in Springfield, New Jersey.<ref name="baltusrol"/>

Career

As a young adult, he was indecisive about starting a career.<ref name="baltusrol"/> His attempt to reinvent himself as a gentleman farmer proved to be a failure.<ref name="baltusrol"/> Instead, he took on the tradition of hosting an annual picnic on his family farm in Springfield, New Jersey, where he invited many members of high society.<ref name="baltusrol"/> The event received extensive coverage in publications about high society each year.<ref name="baltusrol"/> Indeed, the guest list was reprinted in those publications.<ref name="baltusrol"/>

In 1885, he published a gossip newspaper about high society, Town Topics.<ref name="baltusrol"/><ref name="orlando"/> Two years later, in 1887, he published the first issue of the Social Register.<ref name="newyorker">Lizzie Widdicombe, Original: Social Register, The New Yorker, March 26, 2012</ref><ref name="latimes">Frederick M. Winship, Social Register Marks 100 Years of Listing Everybody Who's Anybody, The Los Angeles Times, February 11, 1988</ref><ref name="stephenrichardhigley">Stephen Richard Higley, Privilege, Power, and Place: The Geography of the American Upper Class, Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, 1995, p. 28 [1]</ref> The publication was loosely based on the registry for the Metropolitan National Horse Show, held at the original Madison Square Garden on Madison Avenue and East 26th Street since 1883, listing its attendees and directors.<ref name="nytimes">Alex Williams, A Horse Show Princess Shakes Up the Stables</ref> It was copyrighted, thus forbidding anyone from publishing the entire list and making it more secret and exclusive.<ref name="orlando"/> It was far more inclusive than Ward McAllister's "Four Hundred," the number, reputedly, that could be accommodated in the ballroom of Mrs. William Astor (Caroline Webster Schermerhorn Astor).

Through his associations with members of high society, he realized many of them were learning how to play golf.<ref name="baltusrol"/> As a result, in 1895, he founded the Baltusrol Golf Club on his family farm.<ref name="baltusrol"/><ref name="orlando"/> The name came from a friend who owned a farm called "Baltusroll Way," named after farmer Baltus Roll (1769–1831).<ref name="baltusrol"/> The golf course was designed by George Hunter, an Englishman.<ref name="baltusrol"/> The club hosted championships of the United States Golf Association (USGA) in 1901, 1903 and 1904.<ref name="baltusrol"/> However, the clubhouse burned down on March 27, 1909. It was rebuilt that same year, to the design of architect Chester Kirk.<ref name="baltusrol"/> In 1915, the club hosted the U.S. Open.<ref name="baltusrol"/> In 1916, Keller purchased more land to expand the golf course.<ref name="baltusrol"/> Two years later, in 1918, Keller hired A. W. Tillinghast to build a second golf course to complement the Old Course. However, Tillinghast recommended that the Old Course be plowed over, and he went on to design and build two new courses, which were called the Upper and the Lower.

In order to provide better transportation to Baltusrol Golf Club, Keller became a partner in the New Orange Four Junction Railroad, which became the Rahway Valley Railroad in 1904. The railroad, based in New Orange, NJ (now Kenilworth), was extended to Summit, NJ in 1906, with a station a short walk from the golf club's main gate. The Rahway Valley Railroad became one of the more successful short line railroads in the United States, operated by Mr. Keller's estate following his death in 1922, until it was sold to Delaware Otsego Corporation in 1986.

He was a member of the (now defunct) Calumet Club of New York City and the Metropolitan Club of Washington, D.C., two social clubs.<ref name="nytribune"/> He was also a member of the Metropolitan Golf Association and the New Jersey State Golf Association.<ref name="baltusrol"/>

Personal life

He resided at 12 West 56th Street.<ref name="nytribune"/> In Who Killed Society?, Cleveland Amory said he was "uninterested in girls, had a curious looking drooping moustache, and spoke in a squeaky affected voice."<ref name="orlando"/>

Death

He died of an intestinal ailment on February 16, 1922, at the French Hospital in New York City.<ref name="baltusrol"/><ref name="nytribune"/> He was 67 years old.<ref name="nytribune"/> At the time of his death, he was a resident of Springfield at the Baltusrol Golf Club.<ref>Staff. "LOUIS KELLER LEFT ESTATE OF $574,000; But Claims Reduced Social Register Publisher's Property to $334,972 Net. WAS SOLE OWNER OF BOOK Bequeathed Shares in Publication and Life Jobs to Assistant and Another Employee.", The New York Times, March 13, 1925. Accessed October 9, 2015. "The total property owned by Mr. Keller, who was a resident of Springfield, N. J., where he made his residence at the Baltusrol Golf Club, was appraised at $574,341."</ref>